¿Qué estado tendrá los impuestos más bajos en 2024? Pues todo depende de si te importan solo los impuestos sobre la renta o también los impuestos sobre la propiedad y las ventas.
A continuación hemos intentado responder a la pregunta de qué estado le deja en mejor situación económica en función de la mediana de los ingresos familiares y la mediana de los impuestos.
Para empezar, veamos los impuestos sobre la renta. Los 5 estados con mayor presión fiscal sobre la renta (federal + estatal) en función de los ingresos medios de los hogares son:
- Maryland: $21,525
- Washington DC: $21,086
- Hawái: $19,276
- Oregón: $18.965
- Utah: $18.547
*Nótese que los importes anteriores suponen que se rellena como soltero, las parejas casadas podrían pagar menos.
Los 9 estados siguientes no tienen impuesto estatal sobre la renta:
- Alaska
- Florida
- Nevada
- Nuevo Hampshire (5% sólo sobre intereses y dividendos)
- Dakota del Sur
- Tennessee
- Texas
- Washington (7,0% sólo sobre las rentas del capital)
- Wyoming
Pero los 5 estados siguientes son los que le dejan mayores ingresos una vez pagados los impuestos federales y estatales sobre la renta.
- Maryland: $86,675
- Washington DC: $80,614
- Utah: $77,253
- Alaska: $77,229
- Washington: $76,988
Es interesante observar que los 3 de los 5 estados con mayor presión fiscal sobre la renta también dejan a los hogares con la mayor cantidad de ingresos después de impuestos, mientras que los otros 2 son estados que no recaudan un impuesto sobre la renta.
Para explorar los datos, utilice la siguiente tabla:
| Estado | Tipos impositivos estatales del IRPF | Renta familiar media por Estado | Impuesto sobre la renta adeudado en función de la renta familiar media del Estado | Ingresos después de impuestos basados en la renta familiar media del Estado |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | 2%: $0-$500 4%: $501-$3000 5%: $3,001+ | $59,910 | $8,703 | $51,207 |
| Alaska | Ninguno | $89,740 | $12,511 | $77,229 |
| Arizona | 2,55%: $0-$28,653 2,98%: $28,654+ | $73,450 | $10,779 | $62,671 |
| Arkansas | 2%: $0-$4,300 4%: $4.300-$8.500 4,90%: $8,501+ | $53,980 | $7,352 | $46,628 |
| California | 1%: $0-$10,099 2%: $10,100-$23,942 4%: $23,943-$37,788 6%: $37,789-$52,455 8%: $52,456-$66,295 9.30%: $66,296-$338,639 10.30%: $338,640-$406,364 11.30%: $406,365-$677,275 12.30%: $677,276-$1,000,000 13.30%: $1.000.001+ | $85,300 | $16,010 | $69,290 |
| Colorado | 4.40% | $89,930 | $16,055 | $73,875 |
| Connecticut | 3%: $0-$10.000 5%: $10,000-$50,000 5.50%: $50,001-$100,000 6%: $100,001-$200,000 6.50%: $200,001-$250,000 6.90%: $250,001-$500,000 6,99%: $500,001+ | $90,730 | $16,444 | $74,286 |
| Delaware | 2.20%: $2,000-$,5000 3.90%: $5,001-$10,000 4.80%: $10,001-$20,000 5.20%: $20,001-$25,000 5.55%: $25,001-$60,000 6.60%: $60,001+ | $80,750 | $14,624 | $66,126 |
| Florida | Ninguno | $65,370 | $7,149 | $58,221 |
| Georgia | 1%: $0-$750 2%: $751-$2,250 3%: $2,251-$3,750 4%: $3,751-$5,250 5%: $5,251-$7,000 5,75%: $7,000+ | $67,730 | $10.971 | $56,759 |
| Hawái | 1,40%: $0-$2,400 3.20%: $2,401-$4,800 5.50%: $4,801-$9,600 6.40%: $9,601-$14,400 6.80%: $14401-$19,200 7.20%: $19201-$24,000 7.60%: $24,001-$36,000 7.90%: $36,001-$48,000 8.25%: $48,001-$150,000 9%: $15,0001-$175,000 10%: $175,001-$200,000 11%: $200,001+ | $91,010 | $19,276 | $71,734 |
| Idaho | 1%: $0-$1,662 3%: $1,663-$4,987 4.50%: $4,988-$8,311 6%: $8.312+ | $72,580 | $13.701 | $58,879 |
| Illinois | 4.95% | $78,020 | $13,677 | $64,343 |
| Indiana | 3.23% | $70,030 | $10,404 | $59,626 |
| Iowa | 0,33%: $0-$1,743 0.67%: $1,744-$3,486 2.25%: $3,487-$6972 4.14%: $6,973-$15,687 5.63%: $15,688-$26,145 5.96%: $26,146-$34,860 6.25%: $34,861-$52,290 7.44%: $52,291-$78,435 8,53%: $78,436+ | $76,320 | $13,833 | $62,487 |
| Kansas | 3.10%: $0-$15.000 5.25%: $15,001-$30,000 5,70%: $30,001+ | $73,040 | $12,215 | $60,825 |
| Kentucky | 5.00% | $55,880 | $7,680 | $48,200 |
| Luisiana | 1.85%: $0-$12.500 3.50%: $12,501-$50,000 4,25%: $50,001+ | $58,330 | $7,307 | $51,023 |
| Maine | 5.80%: $0-$23.000 6.75%: $23,001-$54,450 7,15%: $54,451+ | $75,160 | $12.997 | $62,163 |
| Maryland | 2%: $0-$1.000 3%: $1,001-$2,000 4%: $2,001-$3,000 4.75%: $3,001-$100,000 5%: $100,001-$125,000 5.25%: $125,001-$150,000 5.50%: $150,001-$250,000 5,75%: $250,001+ | $108,200 | $21,525 | $86,675 |
| Massachusetts | 5.00% | $93,550 | $17.806 | $75,744 |
| Michigan | 4.25% | $68,990 | $10,665 | $58,325 |
| Minnesota | 5,35%: $0-$28,080 6.80%: $28,081-$92,230 7.85%: $92,231-$171,220 9,85%: $171,221+ | $90,390 | $17.516 | $72,874 |
| Mississippi | 4%: $5.000-$10.000 5%: $10.001+ | $48,610 | $5,789 | $42,821 |
| Missouri | 1.50%: $111-$1,121 2%: $1,122-$2,242 2.50%: $2,243-$3,363 3%: $3,364-$4,484 3.50%: $4,485-$5,605 4%: $5,606-$6,726 4.50%: $6,727-$7,847 5%: $7,848-$8,968 5,30%: $8,969+ | $71,520 | $11,476 | $60,044 |
| Montana | 1%: $0-$3,300 2%: $3,301-$5,800 3%: $5,801-$8,900 4%: $8,901-$12,000 5%: $12,001-$15,400 6%: $15,401-$19,800 6,75%: $19,801+ | $72,980 | $12,678 | $60,302 |
| Nebraska | 2,46%: $0-$3,440 3.51%: $3,440-$20,590 5.01%: $20,590-$33,180 6,84%: $33,181+ | $78,360 | $13,912 | $64,448 |
| Nevada | Ninguno | $72,330 | $8,680 | $63,650 |
| Nuevo Hampshire | 5% sólo sobre intereses y dividendos | $84,970 | $11,461 | $73,509 |
| Nueva Jersey | 1.40%: $0-$20.000 1.75%: $20,001-$35,000 3.50%: $35,001-$40,000 5.53%: $40,001-$75,000 6.37%: $75,001-$500,000 8.97%: $500,001-$1,000,000 10.75%: $1.000.001+ | $92,340 | $16,776 | $75,564 |
| Nuevo México | 1.70%: $0-$5.500 3.20%: $5,501-$11,000 4.70%: $11,001-$16,000 4.90%: $16,001-$210,000 5,90%: $210,001+ | $56,420 | $7,031 | $49,389 |
| Nueva York | 4%: $0-$8.500 4.50%: $8,501-$11,700 5.25%: $11,701-$13,900 5.85%: $13,901-$80,650 6.25%: $80,651-$215,400 6.85%: $215,401-$1,077,550 9.65%: $1,077,551-$5,000,000 10.30%: $5,000,001-$25,000,000 10,90%: $25.000.001 | $75,910 | $13,227 | $62,683 |
| Carolina del Norte | 4.99% | $65,070 | $9,694 | $55,376 |
| Dakota del Norte | 1.10%: $0-$41,775 2.04%: $41,776-$101,050 2.27%: $101,051-$210,825 2.64%: $210,821-$458,350 2,90%: $458,351+ | $78,720 | $11,047 | $67,673 |
| Ohio | 2.77%: $26,050-$46,100 3.23%: $46,101-$92,150 3.69%: $92,151-$115,300 3,99%: $115,301+ | $67,520 | $8,830 | $58,690 |
| Oklahoma | 0,25%: $0-$1.000 0.75%: $1,001-$2,500 1.75%: $2,501-$3,750 2.75%: $3,751-$4,900 3.75%: $4,901-$7,200 4,75%: $7,201+ | $63,440 | $9,200 | $54,240 |
| Oregón | 4,75%: $0-$3,750 6.75%: $3,751-$9,450 8.75%: $9,451-$125,000 9.90%: $125,001+ | $86,780 | $18.965 | $67,815 |
| Pensilvania | 3.07% | $72,210 | $10,871 | $61,339 |
| Rhode Island | 3,75%: $0-$68,200 4.75%: $68,201-$155,050 5,99%: $155,051+ | $80,650 | $13,023 | $67,627 |
| Carolina del Sur | 0%: $0-$3,200 3%: $3,201-$16,040 6,50%: $16,041+ | $61,770 | $9,230 | $52,540 |
| Dakota del Sur | Ninguno | $67,180 | $7,547 | $59,633 |
| Tennessee | Ninguno | $65,380 | $7,151 | $58,229 |
| Texas | Ninguno | $74,640 | $9,189 | $65,451 |
| Utah | 4.85% | $95,800 | $18.547 | $77,253 |
| Vermont | 3,35%: $0-$42,150 6.60%: $42,151-$102,200 7.60%: $102,201-$213,150 8,75%: $213,151+ | $72,190 | $11,377 | $60,813 |
| Virginia | 2%: $0-$3.000 3%: $3,001-$5,000 5%: $5,001-$17,000 5,75%: $17,001+ | $85,170 | $15,833 | $69,337 |
| Washington | 7,0% sólo sobre las rentas del capital | $89,430 | $12,442 | $76,988 |
| Washington DC | 4%: $0-$10.000 6%: $10,001-$40,000 6.50%: $40,001-$60,000 8.50%: $60,001-$250,000 9.25%: $250,001-$500,000 9.75%: $500,001-$1,000,000 10.75%: $,1000,001+ | $101,700 | $21,086 | $80,614 |
| Virginia Occidental | 3%: $0-$10.000 4%: $10,001-$25,000 4.50%: $25,001-$40,000 6%: $40,001-$60,000 6,50%: $60,001+ | $52,460 | $6,738 | $45,722 |
| Wisconsin | 3,54%: $0-$12,760 4.65%: $12,761-$25,520 5.30%: $25,521-$280,950 7,65%: $280,951+ | $73,330 | $11,817 | $61,513 |
| Wyoming | Ninguno | $73,090 | $8,848 | $64,242 |
Comparaciones:
Impuestos de California frente a los de Texas
Impuestos de California frente a los de Florida
California frente a Nueva York Impuestos
Impuestos de California frente a los de Pensilvania
California frente a Illinois Impuestos
Fuentes:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_income_tax#Rates_by_jurisdiction
https://www.bankrate.com/real-estate/property-tax-by-state/#by-state
https://fred.stlouisfed.org/release/tables?eid=259515&rid=249
https://www.fool.com/the-ascent/research/average-house-price-state/
https://taxfoundation.org/data/all/state/2022-sales-taxes/
https://www.forbes.com/advisor/income-tax-calculator/
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