{"id":3766,"date":"2022-03-14T19:03:44","date_gmt":"2022-03-14T19:03:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/?page_id=3766"},"modified":"2026-01-08T13:55:08","modified_gmt":"2026-01-08T13:55:08","slug":"incoterms-2020-guide","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/sk\/incoterms-2020-guide\/","title":{"rendered":"Sprievodca Incoterms\u00ae 2020 v roku 2026"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"889\" height=\"667\" src=\"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/incoterms-guide.png\" alt=\"Sprievodca Incoterms 2020 s kontajnerovou lo\u010fou na mori\" class=\"wp-image-3765\" srcset=\"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/incoterms-guide.png 889w, https:\/\/moverdb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/incoterms-guide-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/moverdb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/incoterms-guide-600x450.png 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 889px) 100vw, 889px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>V\u00fdmena tovaru, slu\u017eieb a financi\u00ed je jednou z najstar\u0161\u00edch prakt\u00edk modernej civiliz\u00e1cie. Je tie\u017e jednou z hlavn\u00fdch hybn\u00fdch s\u00edl jej rastu, rozvoja a napredovania. Medzin\u00e1rodn\u00fd obchod formoval svet od staroveku a st\u00e1le je zodpovedn\u00fd za smery, ktor\u00fdmi sa spolo\u010dnosti uberaj\u00fa, aby posilnili svoje postavenie na glob\u00e1lnom ekonomickom trhu.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Od 70. rokov minul\u00e9ho storo\u010dia doch\u00e1dza k prudk\u00e9mu, ale neust\u00e1lemu n\u00e1rastu transakci\u00ed medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e9ho charakteru. Technologick\u00fd pokrok, logistick\u00e1 infra\u0161trukt\u00fara a automatiz\u00e1cia prispeli k r\u00fdchlej\u0161ej a spo\u013eahlivej\u0161ej preprave a skladovaniu po s\u00fa\u0161i, po mori a letecky, a preto je objemov\u00fd prietok obchodovan\u00e9ho tovaru desa\u0165kr\u00e1t vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ako pred piatimi desa\u0165ro\u010diami.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>S rozvojom na\u0161ich soci\u00e1lno-ekonomick\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov sa exponenci\u00e1lne zv\u00fd\u0161ila potreba regul\u00e1cie medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e9ho obchodu. Preto sa na za\u010diatku 20. storo\u010dia <strong>Pravidl\u00e1 Incoterms\u00ae<\/strong> boli vytvoren\u00e9. To znamenalo za\u010diatok rozvoja vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch \u0161tandardov d\u00f4very medzi r\u00f4znymi krajinami a hospod\u00e1rskymi z\u00f3nami.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>V tejto pr\u00edru\u010dke Incoterms 2020 v\u00e1m poskytneme preh\u013ead o v\u0161etkom, \u010do tento s\u00fabor pravidiel zah\u0155\u0148a, a o v\u0161etk\u00fdch podrobnostiach, ktor\u00e9 ovplyv\u0148uj\u00fa pred\u00e1vaj\u00facu a kupuj\u00facu stranu na oboch stran\u00e1ch medzin\u00e1rodnej k\u00fapnej zmluvy.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 ez-toc-wrap-left counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-transparent ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Sekcie<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Prep\u00ednanie tabu\u013eky obsahu\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Prep\u00edna\u010d<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseprofile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/sk\/incoterms-2020-guide\/#The_Need_for_Establishing_International_Trade_Rules\" >Potreba zavedenia pravidiel medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e9ho obchodu<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/sk\/incoterms-2020-guide\/#The_Foundation_of_Incoterms%C2%AE\" >Z\u00e1klad Incoterms\u00ae<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/sk\/incoterms-2020-guide\/#What_Are_the_Incoterms%C2%AE_Rules\" >Ak\u00e9 s\u00fa pravidl\u00e1 Incoterms\u00ae?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/sk\/incoterms-2020-guide\/#Whats_Regulated_by_the_Incoterms%C2%AE_Rules\" >\u010co upravuj\u00fa pravidl\u00e1 Incoterms\u00ae?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/sk\/incoterms-2020-guide\/#Whats_Not_Regulated_by_the_Incoterms%C2%AE_Rules\" >\u010co neupravuj\u00fa pravidl\u00e1 Incoterms\u00ae?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/sk\/incoterms-2020-guide\/#Who_Are_the_Incoterms%C2%AE_Rules_Important_For\" >Pre koho s\u00fa pravidl\u00e1 Incoterms\u00ae d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/sk\/incoterms-2020-guide\/#The_2020_Version_of_the_Incoterms%C2%AE_Rules\" >Verzia pravidiel Incoterms\u00ae na rok 2020<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/sk\/incoterms-2020-guide\/#Aspects_of_International_Trade\" >Aspekty medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e9ho obchodu<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/sk\/incoterms-2020-guide\/#1_Modes_of_Transport\" >1. Sp\u00f4soby dopravy<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/sk\/incoterms-2020-guide\/#2_Costs_and_Risks\" >2. N\u00e1klady a rizik\u00e1<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/sk\/incoterms-2020-guide\/#3_Carriage_Contracts\" >3. Zmluvy o preprave<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/sk\/incoterms-2020-guide\/#4_Customs_Clearance_Export_and_Import\" >4. Coln\u00e9 konanie (v\u00fdvoz a dovoz)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/sk\/incoterms-2020-guide\/#5_Insurance_Policies\" >5. Poistn\u00e9 zmluvy<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/sk\/incoterms-2020-guide\/#The_Incoterms%C2%AE_2020_Rules_Explained\" >Vysvetlenie pravidiel Incoterms\u00ae 2020<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/sk\/incoterms-2020-guide\/#1_EXW_Ex_Works\" >1. EXW (Ex Works)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/sk\/incoterms-2020-guide\/#2_FCA_Free_Carrier\" >2. FCA (Free Carrier)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/sk\/incoterms-2020-guide\/#3_FAS_Free_Alongside_Ship\" >3. FAS (Free Alongside Ship)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/sk\/incoterms-2020-guide\/#4_FOB_Free_on_Board\" >4. FOB (Free on Board)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/sk\/incoterms-2020-guide\/#5_CFR_Cost_and_Freight\" >5. CFR (n\u00e1klady a preprava)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/sk\/incoterms-2020-guide\/#6_CIF_Cost_Insurance_and_Freight\" >6. CIF (n\u00e1klady, poistenie a preprava)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/sk\/incoterms-2020-guide\/#7_CPT_Carriage_Paid_to\" >7. CPT (Carriage Paid to)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/sk\/incoterms-2020-guide\/#8_CIP_Carriage_and_Insurance_Paid_to\" >8. CIP (Carriage and Insurance Paid to)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/sk\/incoterms-2020-guide\/#9_DAP_Delivered_at_Place\" >9. DAP (dodan\u00e9 na miesto)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/sk\/incoterms-2020-guide\/#10_DPU_Delivered_at_Place_Unloaded\" >10. DPU (dodan\u00e9 na miesto vykl\u00e1dky)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/sk\/incoterms-2020-guide\/#11_DDP_Delivered_Duty_Paid\" >11. DDP (dodan\u00e9 clo zaplaten\u00e9)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\" href=\"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/sk\/incoterms-2020-guide\/#Conclusion\" >Z\u00e1ver<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-27\" href=\"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/sk\/incoterms-2020-guide\/#FAQ\" >F.A.Q.<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Need_for_Establishing_International_Trade_Rules\"><\/span>Potreba zavedenia pravidiel medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e9ho obchodu<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>V priebehu hist\u00f3rie sa s rozvojom medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e9ho obchodu zvy\u0161ovala jeho zlo\u017eitos\u0165 a rozsah, a t\u00fdm aj potreba za\u010dleni\u0165 \u0161pecializovan\u00e9 odvetvia potrebn\u00e9 na kontrolu a udr\u017eiavanie v\u0161etk\u00fdch r\u00f4znych procesov a postupov, ktor\u00e9 tvoria obchodn\u00fd syst\u00e9m.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Tak\u017ee zatia\u013e \u010do jedno oddelenie spravuje z\u00e1soby a objedn\u00e1vky, in\u00e9 m\u00e1 na starosti \u010dinnosti s\u00favisiace s n\u00e1kladnou dopravou. Potom s\u00fa tu sektory, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa zodpovedn\u00e9 za vyrovn\u00e1vanie platieb, v\u00fdmenn\u00e9 kurzy a coln\u00e9 spracovanie. V\u0161etky pracuj\u00fa vz\u00e1jomne zamenite\u013ene, tak\u017ee cel\u00e1 obchodn\u00e1 \"ma\u0161in\u00e9ria\" m\u00f4\u017ee fungova\u0165 s vysokou efektivitou.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Obchodn\u00e9 trendy zaveden\u00e9 v novom modeli glob\u00e1lnej ekonomiky podnietili verejn\u00fa spr\u00e1vu aj s\u00fakromn\u00e9 spolo\u010dnosti, aby sa usilovali o lep\u0161ie medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e9 obchodn\u00e9 predpisy, ktor\u00e9 by zabezpe\u010dili spravodliv\u00fd, bezpe\u010dn\u00fd, stabiln\u00fd a kontrolovan\u00fd tok tovaru.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Foundation_of_Incoterms%C2%AE\"><\/span>Z\u00e1klad Incoterms\u00ae<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Potreba zavies\u0165 pravidl\u00e1 pre medzin\u00e1rodn\u00fd obchod si vy\u017eiadala zalo\u017eenie nieko\u013ek\u00fdch organiz\u00e1ci\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 by zastre\u0161ovali v\u0161etky spolo\u010dnosti a verejn\u00e9 subjekty zaoberaj\u00face sa medzin\u00e1rodn\u00fdm obchodom. Medzi najv\u00fdznamnej\u0161ie medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e9 organiz\u00e1cie medzi nimi patria napr:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Svetov\u00e1 obchodn\u00e1 organiz\u00e1cia (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.wto.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">WTO<\/a>);<\/li><li>Medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e1 obchodn\u00e1 komora (<a href=\"https:\/\/iccwbo.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">ICC<\/a>);<\/li><li>Medzin\u00e1rodn\u00fd menov\u00fd fond (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.imf.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">MMF<\/a>);<\/li><li>Medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e1 feder\u00e1cia zdru\u017een\u00ed coln\u00fdch makl\u00e9rov (<a href=\"https:\/\/ifcba.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">IFCBA<\/a>);<\/li><li>Medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e1 feder\u00e1cia zdru\u017een\u00ed zasielate\u013eov (<a href=\"https:\/\/fiata.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">FIATA<\/a>);<\/li><li>Medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e1 n\u00e1morn\u00e1 organiz\u00e1cia (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.imo.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">IMO<\/a>);<\/li><li>Medzivl\u00e1dna organiz\u00e1cia pre medzin\u00e1rodn\u00fa \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00fa prepravu (<a href=\"https:\/\/otif.org\/en\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">OTIF<\/a>);<\/li><li>Medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e1 \u00fania cestnej dopravy (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.iru.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">IRU<\/a>);<\/li><li>Str\u00e1nka <a href=\"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/sk\/iata\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"22\" title=\"Vysvetlenie Medzin\u00e1rodnej asoci\u00e1cie leteck\u00fdch dopravcov (IATA)\">Medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e9 zdru\u017eenie leteckej dopravy<\/a> (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.iata.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">IATA<\/a>).<\/li><\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina t\u00fdchto organiz\u00e1ci\u00ed m\u00e1 z\u00e1sadn\u00fd v\u00fdznam pre vypracovanie odpor\u00fa\u010dan\u00ed a nariaden\u00ed t\u00fdkaj\u00facich sa transakci\u00ed v oblasti medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e9ho predaja a prepravy fyzick\u00e9ho tovaru, najm\u00e4 v oblasti logistiky prekl\u00e1dky a financi\u00ed.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Pri takom mno\u017estve r\u00f4znych kraj\u00edn a in\u00fdch ekonomicko-fi\u0161k\u00e1lnych regi\u00f3nov, ktor\u00e9 medzi sebou obchoduj\u00fa, vn\u00fatro\u0161t\u00e1tne pr\u00e1vne predpisy t\u00fdkaj\u00face sa leg\u00e1lneho obchodu takmer nikdy nepresahuj\u00fa oblas\u0165 danej krajiny. To zah\u0155\u0148a r\u00f4zne kult\u00fary, soci\u00e1lne a obchodn\u00e9 zvyklosti a jazyky.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Pri uva\u017eovan\u00ed o medzin\u00e1rodnom obchode vznikaj\u00fa \u0165a\u017ekosti. Rozdiely medzi pred\u00e1vaj\u00facou a kupuj\u00facou stranou m\u00f4\u017eu vyvola\u0165 poru\u0161enie zmluvy a naru\u0161i\u0165 dod\u00e1vate\u013esk\u00fd re\u0165azec.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>S cie\u013eom eliminova\u0165 riziko mo\u017en\u00fdch ne\u00faspechov pri\u0161la v roku 1936 Medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e1 obchodn\u00e1 komora (ICC) s n\u00e1vrhom<strong> Incoterms\u00ae<\/strong> (kr\u00e1tko pred <strong>Na str\u00e1nke<\/strong>medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e1 <strong>Co<\/strong>m komer\u010dn\u00e9 <strong>Podmienky<\/strong>) - s\u00fabor pravidiel, ktor\u00fdch cie\u013eom je \u0161tandardizova\u0165 podmienky dodania tovaru a poskytn\u00fa\u0165 pr\u00e1vnu ochranu pre medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e9 obchodn\u00e9 transakcie.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_Are_the_Incoterms%C2%AE_Rules\"><\/span>Ak\u00e9 s\u00fa pravidl\u00e1 Incoterms\u00ae?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Pravidl\u00e1 Incoterms\u00ae jasne a presne vymedzuj\u00fa pr\u00e1va a povinnosti ka\u017edej strany (pred\u00e1vaj\u00faceho a kupuj\u00faceho) v obojstranne podp\u00edsanej medzin\u00e1rodnej k\u00fapnej zmluve. Hlavn\u00fdm predmetom tejto zmluvy s\u00fa podmienky dodania tovaru, ktor\u00fd je predmetom predaja.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Existuj\u00fa <strong>p\u00e4\u0165 k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdch aspektov<\/strong> ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa definovan\u00e9 v pravidl\u00e1ch Incoterms\u00ae:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Povinnosti, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa pridelen\u00e9 pred\u00e1vaj\u00facemu a kupuj\u00facemu v s\u00favislosti s dodan\u00edm tovaru v medzin\u00e1rodnej k\u00fapnej zmluve;<\/li><li>Ktor\u00e1 strana je zodpovedn\u00e1 za n\u00e1klady na r\u00f4zne kroky a oper\u00e1cie, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou logistick\u00e9ho re\u0165azca (balenie tovaru, pren\u00e1jom dopravn\u00fdch prostriedkov, nakladanie a vykladanie dopravn\u00fdch prostriedkov, ukladanie a vykladanie at\u010f.);<\/li><li>Ktor\u00e1 strana je zodpovedn\u00e1 za bezpe\u010dnostn\u00e9 rizik\u00e1 a n\u00e1klady na poistenie tovaru v ur\u010dit\u00fdch bodoch logistick\u00e9ho re\u0165azca a na ceste doru\u010denia;<\/li><li>Ktor\u00e1 strana je zodpovedn\u00e1 za vykonanie coln\u00e9ho konania tovaru v pr\u00edpadoch, ke\u010f sa to vy\u017eaduje zo z\u00e1kona;<\/li><li>V ktorom okamihu prech\u00e1dza riziko spojen\u00e9 s tovarom z pred\u00e1vaj\u00faceho na kupuj\u00faceho a ktor\u00fd je \u010das a miesto dodania tovaru.<\/li><\/ol>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Predt\u00fdm, ako pouk\u00e1\u017eeme na to, na \u010do sa vz\u0165ahuj\u00fa a na \u010do nie pravidl\u00e1 Incoterms\u00ae, by sme chceli poznamena\u0165, \u017ee tieto pravidl\u00e1 nepredstavuj\u00fa cel\u00fa k\u00fapnu zmluvu, ale zameriavaj\u00fa sa najm\u00e4 na aspekt dodania tovaru.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Whats_Regulated_by_the_Incoterms%C2%AE_Rules\"><\/span>\u010co upravuj\u00fa pravidl\u00e1 Incoterms\u00ae?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Kontrolou pravidiel Incoterms\u00ae sme zistili, \u017ee <strong>desa\u0165 aspektov<\/strong> ako definuj\u00fa povinnosti pred\u00e1vaj\u00facej aj kupuj\u00facej strany, pokia\u013e ide o dodanie tovaru. Uv\u00e1dzame ich tu:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Z\u00e1v\u00e4zky pred\u00e1vaj\u00facej strany<\/strong>:<ul><li>dodanie tovaru spolu s predajnou fakt\u00farou v s\u00falade s podmienkami uveden\u00fdmi v medzin\u00e1rodnej k\u00fapnej zmluve;<\/li><li>z\u00edskavanie povolen\u00ed, licenci\u00ed, v\u00fdvozn\u00fdch povolen\u00ed, dovozn\u00fdch povolen\u00ed, bezpe\u010dnostn\u00fdch akredit\u00e1ci\u00ed a in\u00fdch form\u00e1lnych povolen\u00ed t\u00fdkaj\u00facich sa predaja tovaru;<\/li><li>Pr\u00edprava poistn\u00fdch a prepravn\u00fdch zml\u00fav;<\/li><li>efekt\u00edvne dodanie tovaru a\u017e do miesta prevodu riz\u00edk;<\/li><li>Prenos riz\u00edk;<\/li><li>Zdie\u013eanie n\u00e1kladov;<\/li><li>Bezodkladn\u00e9 informovanie kupuj\u00facej strany o dodan\u00ed tovaru;<\/li><li>preuk\u00e1zanie a zdokumentovanie dodania tovaru;<\/li><li>Kontrola, balenie a ozna\u010dovanie tovaru;<\/li><li>Pomoc kupuj\u00facej strane pri poskytovan\u00ed ak\u00fdchko\u013evek po\u017eadovan\u00fdch inform\u00e1ci\u00ed o dodan\u00ed tovaru a s\u00favisiacich n\u00e1kladoch.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Z\u00e1v\u00e4zky kupuj\u00facej strany<\/strong>:<ul><li>zaplatenie za tovar v s\u00falade s podmienkami uveden\u00fdmi v medzin\u00e1rodnej k\u00fapnej zmluve;<\/li><li>z\u00edskavanie povolen\u00ed, licenci\u00ed, v\u00fdvozn\u00fdch a dovozn\u00fdch povolen\u00ed, bezpe\u010dnostn\u00fdch akredit\u00e1ci\u00ed a in\u00fdch form\u00e1lnych povolen\u00ed t\u00fdkaj\u00facich sa nadobudnutia tovaru;<\/li><li>Pr\u00edprava poistn\u00fdch a prepravn\u00fdch zml\u00fav;<\/li><li>Efekt\u00edvne prij\u00edmanie tovaru z miesta prevodu riz\u00edk;<\/li><li>Prenos riz\u00edk;<\/li><li>Zdie\u013eanie n\u00e1kladov;<\/li><li>Bezodkladn\u00e9 informovanie pred\u00e1vaj\u00facej strany o prijat\u00ed tovaru;<\/li><li>preuk\u00e1zanie a zdokumentovanie prijatia tovaru;<\/li><li>&nbsp;Kontrola tovaru;<\/li><li>Pomoc pred\u00e1vaj\u00facej strane pri poskytovan\u00ed ak\u00fdchko\u013evek po\u017eadovan\u00fdch inform\u00e1ci\u00ed o prevzat\u00ed tovaru a s\u00favisiacich n\u00e1kladoch.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Whats_Not_Regulated_by_the_Incoterms%C2%AE_Rules\"><\/span>\u010co neupravuj\u00fa pravidl\u00e1 Incoterms\u00ae?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>U\u017e sme spomenuli, \u017ee pravidl\u00e1 Incoterms\u00ae sa zameriavaj\u00fa najm\u00e4 na definovanie z\u00e1v\u00e4zkov, ktor\u00e9 m\u00e1 pred\u00e1vaj\u00faca aj kupuj\u00faca strana v s\u00favislosti s dodan\u00edm tovaru. Niektor\u00e9 aspekty, ako napr\u00edklad obchodn\u00e1 \u010das\u0165 predajnej transakcie, s\u00fa mimo rozsahu p\u00f4sobnosti predpisov vypracovan\u00fdch v Incoterms\u00ae.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Existuj\u00fa <strong>p\u00e4\u0165 hlavn\u00fdch aspektov<\/strong> v medzin\u00e1rodnej k\u00fapnej zmluve, kde sa neuplat\u0148uj\u00fa pravidl\u00e1 Incoterms\u00ae:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Podmienky uveden\u00e9 v zmluve medzi prepravcom a kupuj\u00facou alebo pred\u00e1vaj\u00facou stranou;<\/li><li>Podmienky prevodu vlastn\u00edctva tovaru;<\/li><li>Platobn\u00e9 podmienky vr\u00e1tane ceny tovaru a sp\u00f4sobov platby pou\u017eit\u00fdch pri z\u00fa\u010dtovan\u00ed predajnej transakcie;<\/li><li>Podmienky \u00fapravy poru\u0161enia zmluvy vr\u00e1tane sp\u00f4sobov rie\u0161enia;<\/li><li>pr\u00edpadn\u00e9 v\u00fdnimky zo zodpovednosti t\u00fdkaj\u00face sa stavu a dodania tovaru.<\/li><\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Uveden\u00e9 aspekty musia by\u0165 v k\u00fapnej zmluve riadne definovan\u00e9, aby si ich obe strany mohli pre\u0161tudova\u0165 a vz\u00e1jomne sa dohodn\u00fa\u0165 na uveden\u00fdch podmienkach.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\u010eal\u0161ou oblas\u0165ou, ktor\u00e1 je mimo rozsahu p\u00f4sobnosti pravidiel Incoterms\u00ae, je marketing tovaru a slu\u017eieb. Na to je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 pam\u00e4ta\u0165 v pr\u00edpade poru\u0161enia zmluvy.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>K\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdm detailom, ktor\u00fd tie\u017e stoj\u00ed za to si zapam\u00e4ta\u0165, je, \u017ee aj ke\u010f pravidl\u00e1 Incoterms\u00ae v\u00fdslovne neupravuj\u00fa medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e9 platobn\u00e9 met\u00f3dy, \u010dasto sa spom\u00ednaj\u00fa v zmluv\u00e1ch a s\u00fa v \u00fazkom vz\u0165ahu. Preto to mus\u00ed by\u0165 v zmluve jasne uveden\u00e9, preto\u017ee mimo platobnej zmluvy m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 uveden\u00e9 inak.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Who_Are_the_Incoterms%C2%AE_Rules_Important_For\"><\/span>Pre koho s\u00fa pravidl\u00e1 Incoterms\u00ae d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Pred\u00e1vaj\u00facej a kupuj\u00facej strane a v\u0161etk\u00fdm \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edkom celosvetov\u00e9ho obchodu s tovarom by mala by\u0165 jasn\u00e1 jedna skuto\u010dnos\u0165 t\u00fdkaj\u00faca sa pravidiel Incoterms\u00ae - <strong>pravidl\u00e1 Incoterms\u00ae nie s\u00fa povinn\u00e9<\/strong>. S\u00fa v\u0161ak mimoriadne d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 a rozhoduj\u00face pre spr\u00e1vne a efekt\u00edvne fungovanie ka\u017edej oper\u00e1cie v dod\u00e1vate\u013eskom re\u0165azci.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Preto je be\u017enou praxou, \u017ee sa tieto pravidl\u00e1 vo ve\u013ekej miere uplat\u0148uj\u00fa a zah\u0155\u0148aj\u00fa do medzin\u00e1rodn\u00fdch k\u00fapnych zml\u00fav.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Profesion\u00e1lne t\u00edmy a spolo\u010dnosti r\u00f4znych ve\u013ekost\u00ed a v\u00fdznamu v medzin\u00e1rodnom dod\u00e1vate\u013eskom re\u0165azci by mali venova\u0165 zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fa pozornos\u0165 pravidl\u00e1m Incoterms\u00ae a zoh\u013eadni\u0165 ich usmernenia pri vykon\u00e1van\u00ed svojich obchodn\u00fdch \u010dinnost\u00ed. Medzi tieto spolo\u010dnosti patria napr:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Prev\u00e1dzkovatelia leteckej n\u00e1kladnej dopravy;<\/li><li>Leteck\u00ed \u0161pedit\u00e9ri;<\/li><li>Komer\u010dn\u00e9 <a href=\"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/sk\/top-49-container-ports\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"80\" title=\"49 najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edch a najvy\u0165a\u017eenej\u0161\u00edch kontajnerov\u00fdch pr\u00edstavov v roku 2025\">pr\u00edstav<\/a> mana\u017e\u00e9rske t\u00edmy;<\/li><li>Coln\u00edci;<\/li><li>Distrib\u00fatori;<\/li><li>V\u00fdvozn\u00e9 a dovozn\u00e9 spolo\u010dnosti;<\/li><li>Poradcovia pre zahrani\u010dn\u00fd obchod;<\/li><li>\u0160pedit\u00e9ri;<\/li><li>Finan\u010dn\u00e9 slu\u017eby;<\/li><li>Ved\u00faci zahrani\u010dn\u00e9ho obchodu vo verejnej spr\u00e1ve;<\/li><li>Medzin\u00e1rodn\u00ed logistick\u00ed oper\u00e1tori;<\/li><li>Pois\u0165ovne;<\/li><li>Cestn\u00ed dopravcovia;<\/li><li>\u017delezni\u010dn\u00ed prev\u00e1dzkovatelia;<\/li><li>Spolo\u010dnosti poskytuj\u00face bezpe\u010dnostn\u00e9 poradenstvo;<\/li><li>Dopravcovia;<\/li><li>Prepravn\u00e9 spolo\u010dnosti;<\/li><li>Bezpe\u010dnostn\u00e9 slu\u017eby;<\/li><li>T\u00edmy riadenia dopravn\u00fdch centier;<\/li><li>Skladn\u00edci.<\/li><\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_2020_Version_of_the_Incoterms%C2%AE_Rules\"><\/span>Verzia pravidiel Incoterms\u00ae na rok 2020<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Od svojho prv\u00e9ho n\u00e1vrhu v roku 1936 boli Incoterms\u00ae nieko\u013ekokr\u00e1t aktualizovan\u00e9 a vylep\u0161en\u00e9. Ich najnov\u0161ia, 9. verzia bola uverejnen\u00e1 v septembri 2019 a do platnosti vst\u00fapila 1. janu\u00e1ra 2020. Na t\u00fato verziu Incoterms\u00ae sa zameriava na\u0161a pr\u00edru\u010dka.&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Incoterms\u00ae 2020 obsahuj\u00fa jeden\u00e1s\u0165 samostatn\u00fdch pravidiel, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa skratkami ich \u00fapln\u00fdch v\u00fdrazov v angli\u010dtine. Nasleduje zoznam pravidiel Incoterms\u00ae 2020 vr\u00e1tane ich skratiek a \u00fapln\u00fdch opisov:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>EXW<\/strong> - <strong>EX W<\/strong>orky;<\/li><li><strong>FCA<\/strong> - <strong>F<\/strong>ree <strong>CA<\/strong>rrier;<\/li><li><strong>FAS<\/strong> - <strong>F<\/strong>ree <strong>A<\/strong>popri <strong>S<\/strong>bok;<\/li><li><strong>FOB <\/strong>- <strong>F<\/strong>ree <strong>O<\/strong>n <strong>B<\/strong>oard;<\/li><li><strong>CFR <\/strong>- <strong>C<\/strong>ost a <strong>FR<\/strong>osem;<\/li><li><strong>CIF <\/strong>- <strong>C<\/strong>ost, <strong>I<\/strong>nsurance, a <strong>F<\/strong>spr\u00e1vne;<\/li><li><strong>CPT <\/strong>- <strong>C<\/strong>man\u017eelstvo <strong>P<\/strong>pomoc <strong>T<\/strong>o;<\/li><li><strong>CIP <\/strong>- <strong>C<\/strong>man\u017eelstvo a <strong>I<\/strong>nsurance <strong>P<\/strong>pomoc pre;<\/li><li><strong>DAP <\/strong>- <strong>D<\/strong>elivered <strong>A<\/strong>t <strong>P<\/strong>\u010dipky;<\/li><li><strong>DPU <\/strong>- <strong>D<\/strong>elivered at <strong>P<\/strong>\u010dipka <strong>U<\/strong>nloaded;<\/li><li><strong>DDP <\/strong>- <strong>D<\/strong>elivered <strong>D<\/strong>uty <strong>P<\/strong>pomoc.<\/li><\/ol>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Tieto pojmy m\u00f4\u017eeme rozdeli\u0165 do \u0161tyroch skup\u00edn, preto\u017ee v\u0161etky za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00fa jedn\u00fdm z t\u00fdchto \u0161tyroch p\u00edsmen: To je vhodn\u00e9 pre klasifik\u00e1ciu pravidiel Incoterms\u00ae, preto\u017ee ka\u017ed\u00e1 skupina p\u00edsmen je venovan\u00e1 regul\u00e1cii <strong>konkr\u00e9tne miesto alebo \u00fasek prepravy tovaru<\/strong>:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Pravidl\u00e1 E (Odchod)<\/strong>:<ul><li>Miesto dodania tovaru: v mieste p\u00f4vodu, v prev\u00e1dzkach pred\u00e1vaj\u00facej strany;<br>- Pred\u00e1vaj\u00faca strana dod\u00e1va tovar vo svojich prev\u00e1dzkach a d\u00e1va ho tam k dispoz\u00edcii kupuj\u00facej strane;<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Pravidl\u00e1 F (neplaten\u00e1 hlavn\u00e1 preprava)<\/strong>:<ul><li>Miesto dodania tovaru: v mieste p\u00f4vodu, ke\u010f si kupuj\u00faca strana prenajme dopravn\u00fd prostriedok na dodanie tovaru a zaplat\u00ed za\u0148;<br>- Pred\u00e1vaj\u00faca strana dod\u00e1 tovar do dopravn\u00e9ho prostriedku bez zaplatenia;<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Pravidl\u00e1 C (platen\u00fd hlavn\u00fd voz)<\/strong>:<ul><li>Miesto dodania tovaru: v mieste p\u00f4vodu, ke\u010f si pred\u00e1vaj\u00faca strana prenajme dopravn\u00fd prostriedok na dodanie tovaru a zaplat\u00ed za\u0148;<br>- Pred\u00e1vaj\u00faca strana dod\u00e1 tovar do dopravn\u00e9ho prostriedku s platbou a okam\u017eite prenesie rizik\u00e1;<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Pravidl\u00e1 D (Pr\u00edchod)<\/strong>:<ul><li>Miesto dodania tovaru: na miesto ur\u010denia ur\u010den\u00e9 kupuj\u00facou stranou;<br>- Pred\u00e1vaj\u00faca strana sa postar\u00e1 o prepravu a dodanie tovaru na miesto ur\u010denia a zn\u00e1\u0161a v\u0161etky rizik\u00e1.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"563\" src=\"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Incoterms-1.jpg\" alt=\"Incoterms\" class=\"wp-image-3776\" srcset=\"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Incoterms-1.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/moverdb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Incoterms-1-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/moverdb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Incoterms-1-600x338.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Existuje \u010fal\u0161ia popul\u00e1rna kategoriz\u00e1cia pravidiel Incoterms\u00ae, ktor\u00e1 je zalo\u017een\u00e1 na <strong>sp\u00f4sob dopravy<\/strong>:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Pravidl\u00e1 Incoterms\u00ae zameran\u00e9 na <strong>preprava ak\u00e9hoko\u013evek druhu<\/strong> s\u00fa: EXW, FCA, CPT, CIP, DAP, DPU a DDP;<\/li><li>Pravidl\u00e1 Incoterms\u00ae zameran\u00e9 na <strong>preprava, ktor\u00e1 sa uskuto\u010d\u0148uje na mori alebo na akejko\u013evek vn\u00fatrozemskej vodnej ceste.<\/strong> s\u00fa: FAS, FOB, CFR a CIF.<\/li><\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Predt\u00fdm, ako sa podrobne obozn\u00e1mime s jednotliv\u00fdmi pravidlami Incoterms\u00ae, zahrnieme do n\u00e1\u0161ho sprievodcu niektor\u00e9 d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 aspekty medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e9ho obchodu. Takto budete lep\u0161ie rozumie\u0165 tomu, \u010do ka\u017ed\u00e9 pravidlo zah\u0155\u0148a. Budete tie\u017e lep\u0161ie pripraven\u00ed na to, ako ich spr\u00e1vne implementova\u0165 pre va\u0161e konkr\u00e9tne po\u017eiadavky.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Aspects_of_International_Trade\"><\/span>Aspekty medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e9ho obchodu<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>V tejto \u010dasti sa stru\u010dne dotkneme piatich hlavn\u00fdch aspektov, ktor\u00e9 tvoria medzin\u00e1rodn\u00fd proces dodania tovaru od pred\u00e1vaj\u00facej strany ku kupuj\u00facej strane. P\u00e4\u0165 bodov, ktor\u00e9 si pribl\u00ed\u017eime, s\u00fa:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong><a href=\"#1\">Sp\u00f4soby dopravy<\/a>;<\/strong><\/li><li><strong><a href=\"#2\">N\u00e1klady a rizik\u00e1<\/a>;<\/strong><\/li><li><strong><a href=\"#3\">Zmluvy o preprave<\/a>;<\/strong><\/li><li><strong><a href=\"#4\">Coln\u00e9 konanie (v\u00fdvoz a dovoz)<\/a>;<\/strong><\/li><li><strong><a href=\"#5\">Poistn\u00e9 zmluvy<\/a>.<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"1\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Modes_of_Transport\"><\/span>1. Sp\u00f4soby dopravy<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Spomenuli sme, \u017ee pravidl\u00e1 Incoterm\u00ae mo\u017eno klasifikova\u0165 v z\u00e1vislosti od toho, ak\u00fd druh dopravy sa pou\u017eije na doru\u010denie tovaru z miesta odoslania kupuj\u00facej strane.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Pravidl\u00e1, ktor\u00e9 sa t\u00fdkaj\u00fa <strong>n\u00e1morn\u00e1 doprava<\/strong> (vr\u00e1tane vn\u00fatrozemsk\u00fdch vodn\u00fdch ciest) s\u00fa FAS, FOB, CFR a CIF. Tento druh dopravy, be\u017ene zn\u00e1my ako n\u00e1morn\u00e1 doprava, vyu\u017e\u00edva v\u0161etky druhy n\u00e1kladn\u00fdch lod\u00ed na prepravu tovaru medzi n\u00e1morn\u00fdmi alebo rie\u010dnymi pr\u00edstavmi. M\u00f4\u017eu to by\u0165 lode na prepravu v\u0161eobecn\u00e9ho n\u00e1kladu, viac\u00fa\u010delov\u00e9 lode, lode na prepravu krmiva, ropn\u00e9 tankery, lode na prepravu chladiarensk\u00fdch v\u00fdrobkov, kontajnerov\u00e9 lode, lode na prepravu valn\u00edkov (preprava vozidiel), lode na prepravu vo\u013ene lo\u017een\u00e9ho tovaru, lode na prepravu hospod\u00e1rskych zvierat a \u010fal\u0161ie.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\u0160tyri pravidl\u00e1 Incoterms\u00ae, ktor\u00e9 sa zameriavaj\u00fa na tento druh dopravy, s\u00fa vhodn\u00e9 na uzatv\u00e1ranie zml\u00fav o dod\u00e1vke tovaru v\u0161eobecn\u00e9ho typu (such\u00fd vo\u013ene lo\u017een\u00fd tovar, sypan\u00fd tovar, ruda, ropa at\u010f.). Nie s\u00fa vhodn\u00e9 pre kontajnerov\u00fd n\u00e1klad. Stru\u010dne povedan\u00e9, v\u0161etko, \u010do sa prepravuje len medzi pr\u00edstavmi, sa m\u00f4\u017ee rie\u0161i\u0165 pod\u013ea t\u00fdchto pravidiel Incoterms\u00ae.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><strong>Kontajnerov\u00fd n\u00e1klad<\/strong> ktor\u00e9 sa prepravuj\u00fa n\u00e1mornou dopravou a v\u0161etk\u00fdmi ostatn\u00fdmi druhmi n\u00e1kladnej dopravy, ako napr. <strong>leteck\u00e1, cestn\u00e1, \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00e1 a multimod\u00e1lna doprava<\/strong> mo\u017eno \u00faspe\u0161ne regulova\u0165 \u010fal\u0161\u00edmi siedmimi pravidlami Incoterms\u00ae. S\u00fa to EXW, FCA, CPT, CIP, DAP, DPU a DDP. Tieto pravidl\u00e1 sa m\u00f4\u017eu uplat\u0148ova\u0165 na ak\u00fako\u013evek kombin\u00e1ciu uveden\u00fdch sp\u00f4sobov prepravy, okrem pr\u00edpadov, ke\u010f sa gener\u00e1lny n\u00e1klad prepravuje v\u00fdlu\u010dne z pr\u00edstavu do pr\u00edstavu.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>N\u00e1morn\u00e1 preprava z pr\u00edstavu do pr\u00edstavu, ktor\u00e1 zah\u0155\u0148a rozdelenie prich\u00e1dzaj\u00facich n\u00e1kladov\u00fdch jednotiek, mus\u00ed ma\u0165 samostatn\u00fa zmluvu medzi odosielate\u013eom a dopravcom.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Multimod\u00e1lna preprava, ktor\u00e1 m\u00f4\u017ee kombinova\u0165 trasy zah\u0155\u0148aj\u00face lode, vlaky, n\u00e1kladn\u00e9 vozidl\u00e1, lietadl\u00e1 a in\u00e9 dopravn\u00e9 prostriedky, si vy\u017eaduje in\u00e9 pravidl\u00e1 regul\u00e1cie, preto\u017ee n\u00e1kladn\u00e1 jednotka sa nerozde\u013euje zaka\u017ed\u00fdm, ke\u010f in\u00fd druh dopravy zachyt\u00ed prepravovan\u00fd n\u00e1klad.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"2\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Costs_and_Risks\"><\/span>2. N\u00e1klady a rizik\u00e1<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e9 doru\u010dovanie tovaru je spojen\u00e9 s primeran\u00fdmi n\u00e1kladmi a rizikami. Existuje mnoho faktorov, ktor\u00e9 modifikuj\u00fa n\u00e1klady a rizik\u00e1 dodania v z\u00e1vislosti od vzdialenosti medzi v\u00fdchodiskov\u00fdm bodom X a kone\u010dn\u00fdm bodom Y, sp\u00f4sobu (alebo viacer\u00fdch sp\u00f4sobov) dopravy potrebn\u00e9ho na dodanie, typu a povahy tovaru (vo\u013ene lo\u017een\u00fd, krehk\u00fd obsah, hospod\u00e1rske zvierat\u00e1, kontajnerov\u00fd n\u00e1klad, paletov\u00fd n\u00e1klad at\u010f.) a \u010fal\u0161\u00edch \u0161pecifik\u00e1ci\u00ed uveden\u00fdch v medzin\u00e1rodnej k\u00fapnej zmluve.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>N\u00e1klady a rizik\u00e1 spojen\u00e9 s medzin\u00e1rodnou dod\u00e1vkou tovaru m\u00f4\u017eeme klasifikova\u0165 na z\u00e1klade po\u010diato\u010dn\u00e9ho alebo kone\u010dn\u00e9ho miesta dodania:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>N\u00e1klady a rizik\u00e1 v mieste p\u00f4vodu (v\u00fdchodiskovom bode) tovaru<\/strong>:<ul><li>Overenie tovaru;<\/li><li>Balenie tovaru;<\/li><li>Konfigur\u00e1cia n\u00e1kladov\u00fdch jednotiek;<\/li><li>Poistenie;<\/li><li>Nakladanie a zabezpe\u010denie tovaru na prepravu;<\/li><li>Preprava tovaru v krajine p\u00f4vodu;<\/li><li>V\u00fdvozn\u00e9 coln\u00e9 konanie;<\/li><li>manipul\u00e1cia s tovarom pri odchode z pr\u00edstavu alebo termin\u00e1lu v krajine p\u00f4vodu;<\/li><li>Hlavn\u00e1 doprava.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>N\u00e1klady a rizik\u00e1 na mieste ur\u010denia (v kone\u010dnom bode) tovaru<\/strong>:<ul><li>Poistenie;<\/li><li>manipul\u00e1cia s tovarom po pr\u00edchode do pr\u00edstavu alebo termin\u00e1lu v krajine ur\u010denia;<\/li><li>Dovozn\u00e9 coln\u00e9 konanie;<\/li><li>Preprava tovaru v krajine ur\u010denia;<\/li><li>Vylo\u017eenie a prevzatie tovaru na mieste ur\u010denia.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Pred\u00e1vaj\u00faca strana nesie zodpovednos\u0165 za v\u0161etky rizik\u00e1 a\u017e do momentu dodania tovaru v stanoven\u00fd de\u0148 a \u010das. Za miesto dodania mo\u017eno pova\u017eova\u0165 \u010doko\u013evek, na \u010dom sa pred\u00e1vaj\u00faca aj kupuj\u00faca strana dohodn\u00fa v medzin\u00e1rodnej k\u00fapnej zmluve, preto sa miesto dodania m\u00f4\u017ee nach\u00e1dza\u0165 v mieste p\u00f4vodu (priestory pred\u00e1vaj\u00facej strany), na ktoromko\u013evek mieste po\u010das prepravy tovaru (distribu\u010dn\u00e1 platforma, pri nastupovan\u00ed do lietadla, na \u017eeleznicu, do n\u00e1kladn\u00e9ho auta alebo na lo\u010f, coln\u00fd termin\u00e1l at\u010f.) alebo na adrese ur\u010denia (priestory kupuj\u00facej strany).<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>V tomto pr\u00edpade sa v mieste dodania pren\u00e1\u0161aj\u00fa rizik\u00e1 z pred\u00e1vaj\u00facej strany na kupuj\u00facu stranu v dohodnut\u00fd de\u0148 a \u010das.&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Aspekt n\u00e1kladov a riz\u00edk v procese logistick\u00e9ho re\u0165azca je jedn\u00fdm z najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161\u00edch aspektov pri dod\u00e1vke tovaru, preto by si pred\u00e1vaj\u00faca aj kupuj\u00faca strana mali polo\u017ei\u0165 nasleduj\u00face ot\u00e1zky, aby mohli \u00faspe\u0161ne vypracova\u0165 komplexn\u00fa a \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fa k\u00fapnu zmluvu:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Ak\u00e9 n\u00e1klady a rizik\u00e1 s\u00fa spojen\u00e9 s touto konkr\u00e9tnou predajnou transakciou?<\/li><li>Kto zn\u00e1\u0161a pr\u00edpadn\u00e9 n\u00e1klady a rizik\u00e1 spojen\u00e9 s dodan\u00edm tovaru, v akom rozsahu a na ktorom \u00faseku trasy dodania?<\/li><\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"3\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Carriage_Contracts\"><\/span>3. Zmluvy o preprave<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Spomenuli sme, \u017ee aj ke\u010f sa pravidl\u00e1 Incoterms\u00ae vz\u0165ahuj\u00fa len na predajn\u00fa \u010das\u0165 zmluvy, ich uplat\u0148ovanie v\u00fdrazne ovplyv\u0148uje podmienky pren\u00e1jmu dopravcov.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Prepravn\u00e9 zmluvy obsahuj\u00fa podmienky dohody uzavretej medzi odosielate\u013eom tovaru a dopravcom a s\u00fa \u00faplne samostatn\u00fdm dokumentom alebo samostatnou \u010das\u0165ou zmluvy, ktor\u00e1 obsahuje dohodnut\u00e9 pravidl\u00e1 Incoterms\u00ae.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Prepravn\u00e9 spolo\u010dnosti zvy\u010dajne po\u017eaduj\u00fa, aby strana, ktor\u00e1 bude zn\u00e1\u0161a\u0165 n\u00e1klady na prepravu tovaru, uviedla, ktor\u00e9 pravidl\u00e1 Incoterms\u00ae boli navrhnut\u00e9 v medzin\u00e1rodnej k\u00fapnej zmluve, aby mohli na z\u00e1klade t\u00fdchto inform\u00e1ci\u00ed vystavi\u0165 cenov\u00fa ponuku.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"4\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_Customs_Clearance_Export_and_Import\"><\/span>4. Coln\u00e9 konanie (v\u00fdvoz a dovoz)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Pri medzin\u00e1rodnom obchode sa coln\u00e9 odbavenie tovaru vykon\u00e1va v\u017edy pri v\u00fdvoze (odosielanie tovaru) a dovoze (prij\u00edmanie tovaru).<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Coln\u00e9 konanie zah\u0155\u0148a kontrolu n\u00e1kladovej jednotky, ktor\u00fa odosiela pred\u00e1vaj\u00faca strana, a spr\u00e1vu sprievodnej dokument\u00e1cie.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Pred\u00e1vaj\u00faca strana je tie\u017e zodpovedn\u00e1 za vykonanie v\u00fdvozn\u00e9ho coln\u00e9ho konania pod\u013ea v\u0161etk\u00fdch pravidiel Incoterms\u00ae, s v\u00fdnimkou pr\u00edpadu EXW (Ex Works), ke\u010f sa dod\u00e1vka tovaru uskuto\u010d\u0148uje v priestoroch stropnej strany.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Podobne kupuj\u00faca strana preber\u00e1 zodpovednos\u0165 za vykonanie dovozn\u00e9ho coln\u00e9ho konania po pr\u00edchode tovaru do krajiny ur\u010denia. To plat\u00ed aj pre v\u0161etky pravidl\u00e1 Incoterms\u00ae s v\u00fdnimkou pravidla DDP (Delivered Duty Paid), kde podmienky zd\u00f4raz\u0148uj\u00fa, \u017ee v\u0161etky n\u00e1klady a rizik\u00e1 spojen\u00e9 s dodan\u00edm tovaru zn\u00e1\u0161a pred\u00e1vaj\u00faca strana.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"5\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_Insurance_Policies\"><\/span>5. Poistn\u00e9 zmluvy<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Uzatvorenie poistenia prepravy tovaru je pod\u013ea v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iny pravidiel Incoterms\u00ae dobrovo\u013en\u00e9. Jedin\u00e9 o\u010dak\u00e1vania s\u00fa CIF (Cost, Insurance, and Freight) a CIP (Carriage Insurance Paid to), pri ktor\u00fdch je pred\u00e1vaj\u00faca strana povinn\u00e1 uzavrie\u0165 zmluvu o poisten\u00ed prepravy a kryt\u00ed proti rizik\u00e1m tovaru alebo \u0161kod\u00e1m kupuj\u00facej strany.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Obe tieto pravidl\u00e1 Incoterms\u00ae sa vz\u0165ahuj\u00fa na hlavn\u00fa f\u00e1zu prepravy v logistickom re\u0165azci pri dod\u00e1vke tovaru; jedin\u00fd rozdiel je v tom, \u017ee jedno z nich (CIF) sa vz\u0165ahuje len na n\u00e1morn\u00fa dopravu (n\u00e1morn\u00fa a vn\u00fatrozemsk\u00fa vodn\u00fa) a druh\u00e9 pravidlo (CIP) sa vz\u0165ahuje na v\u0161etky druhy dopravy, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou multimod\u00e1lnej dopravy (n\u00e1morn\u00e1, \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00e1, cestn\u00e1, leteck\u00e1 alebo potrubn\u00e1).<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>V ka\u017edom pr\u00edpade sa obaja pir\u00e1ti m\u00f4\u017eu (individu\u00e1lne alebo vz\u00e1jomne) dohodn\u00fa\u0165 na uzatvoren\u00ed prepravn\u00e9ho poistenia pod\u013ea ktor\u00e9hoko\u013evek pravidla Incoterms\u00ae. To sa ve\u013emi odpor\u00fa\u010da, preto\u017ee by to mohlo eliminova\u0165 ur\u010dit\u00e9 rizik\u00e1, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa v r\u00e1mci prepravn\u00e9ho re\u0165azca v\u017edy pr\u00edtomn\u00e9.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Poistenie prepravy je mo\u017en\u00e9 uzavrie\u0165 za vopred dohodnut\u00fdch podmienok uveden\u00fdch v poistn\u00fdch zmluv\u00e1ch. V t\u00fdchto podmienkach m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 uveden\u00e9, ktor\u00e1 strana poist\u00ed tovar a kryje rizik\u00e1 pod\u013ea miesta dodania a prechodu riz\u00edk.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Incoterms%C2%AE_2020_Rules_Explained\"><\/span>Vysvetlenie pravidiel Incoterms\u00ae 2020<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"959\" height=\"543\" src=\"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/incoterms-chart.png\" alt=\"Graf vysvet\u013euj\u00faci jednotliv\u00e9 pravidl\u00e1 Incoterms 2020\" class=\"wp-image-3764\" srcset=\"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/incoterms-chart.png 959w, https:\/\/moverdb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/incoterms-chart-300x170.png 300w, https:\/\/moverdb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/incoterms-chart-600x340.png 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 959px) 100vw, 959px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>V tejto \u010dasti sa budeme venova\u0165 jednotliv\u00fdm pravidl\u00e1m Incoterms\u00ae 2020 a vysvetl\u00edme, \u010do v\u0161etko zah\u0155\u0148aj\u00fa, ktor\u00e9 scen\u00e1re s\u00fa pre ur\u010dit\u00e9 Incoterms najv\u00fdhodnej\u0161ie a ktor\u00e9 Incoterms s\u00fa najv\u00fdhodnej\u0161ie pre pred\u00e1vaj\u00facu alebo kupuj\u00facu stranu.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Najprv sa m\u00f4\u017eete pozrie\u0165 na nasleduj\u00facu tabu\u013eku, v ktorej jasne ukazujeme, ktor\u00e9 povinnosti sa vy\u017eaduj\u00fa od jednej zo z\u00fa\u010dastnen\u00fdch str\u00e1n a pod\u013ea ktor\u00e9ho pravidla Incoterms\u00ae.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-25\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-25 tbody-has-connected-cells\">\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<td rowspan=\"2\" class=\"column-1\"><h6 style=\"text-align:center;\">Povinnosti t\u00fdkaj\u00face sa dodania tovaru<\/h6><\/td><td colspan=\"12\" class=\"column-2\"><h5 style=\"text-align:center;\">Pravidl\u00e1 Incoterms\u00ae 2020<\/h5><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td class=\"column-2\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">EXW<\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">FCA<br \/>\n(miesto p\u00f4vodu)<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">FCA<br \/>\n(dohodnut\u00e9 miesto)<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">FAS<\/td><td class=\"column-6\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">FOB<\/td><td class=\"column-7\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">CFR<\/td><td class=\"column-8\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">CPT<\/td><td class=\"column-9\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">CIF<\/td><td class=\"column-10\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">CIP<\/td><td class=\"column-11\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">DAP<\/td><td class=\"column-12\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">DPU<\/td><td class=\"column-13\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">DDP<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Balenie<br \/>\n<br \/>\n<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-6\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-7\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-8\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-9\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-10\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-11\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-12\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-13\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">V\u00fdvozn\u00e9 n\u00e1klady na certifik\u00e1ciu, dokument\u00e1ciu at\u010f.<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-6\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-7\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-8\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-9\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-10\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-11\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-12\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-13\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Nakladanie tovaru na vn\u00fatrozemsk\u00fa prepravu<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-6\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-7\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-8\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-9\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-10\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-11\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-12\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-13\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-6\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">V\u00fdvozn\u00e9 coln\u00e9 konanie<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-6\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-7\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-8\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-9\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-10\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-11\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-12\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-13\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-7\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Vn\u00fatrozemsk\u00e1 doprava<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-6\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-7\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-8\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-9\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-10\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-11\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-12\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-13\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-8\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Preprava do pr\u00edstavu alebo termin\u00e1lu<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-6\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-7\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-8\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-9\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-10\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-11\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-12\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-13\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-9\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">N\u00e1klady na pr\u00edstav alebo termin\u00e1l p\u00f4vodu (da\u0148, THC at\u010f.)<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-6\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-7\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-8\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-9\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-10\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-11\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-12\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-13\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-10\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Zadarmo na palube<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-6\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-7\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-8\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-9\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-10\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-11\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-12\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-13\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-11\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Hlavn\u00e1 doprava<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-6\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-7\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-8\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-9\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-10\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-11\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-12\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-13\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-12\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Poistenie prepravy<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u26ab<\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u26ab<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u26ab<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u26ab<\/td><td class=\"column-6\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u26ab<\/td><td class=\"column-7\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u26ab<\/td><td class=\"column-8\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u26ab<\/td><td class=\"column-9\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-10\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-11\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u26ab<\/td><td class=\"column-12\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u26ab<\/td><td class=\"column-13\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u26ab<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-13\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Vykl\u00e1dka v pr\u00edstave alebo termin\u00e1li<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-6\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-7\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-8\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-9\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-10\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-11\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-12\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-13\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-14\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">N\u00e1klady na cie\u013eov\u00fd pr\u00edstav alebo termin\u00e1l (da\u0148, THC at\u010f.)<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-6\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-7\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-8\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-9\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-10\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-11\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-12\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-13\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-15\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Dovozn\u00e9 coln\u00e9 konanie<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-6\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-7\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-8\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-9\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-10\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-11\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-12\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-13\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-16\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Preprava z pr\u00edstavu alebo termin\u00e1lu na miesto ur\u010denia<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-6\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-7\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-8\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-9\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-10\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-11\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-12\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-13\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-17\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Vykl\u00e1dka tovaru z kone\u010dnej prepravy<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-6\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-7\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-8\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-9\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-10\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-11\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-12\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-13\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-25 from cache -->\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><sup>\u2b1b - pred\u00e1vaj\u00faca spolo\u010dnos\u0165 zn\u00e1\u0161a n\u00e1klady na povinnos\u0165 pod\u013ea uveden\u00e9ho pravidla<br>\u2b1c - kupuj\u00faca spolo\u010dnos\u0165 zn\u00e1\u0161a n\u00e1klady na povinnos\u0165 pod\u013ea uveden\u00e9ho pravidla<br>\u26ab - poistenie prepravy je pod\u013ea uveden\u00e9ho pravidla nepovinn\u00e9<\/sup><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><a href=\"#EXW\">EXW (Ex Works)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#FCA\">FCA (Free Carrier)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#FAS\">FAS (Free Alongside Ship)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#FOB\">FOB (Free on Board)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#CFR\">CFR (n\u00e1klady a preprava)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#CIF\">CIF (n\u00e1klady, poistenie a preprava)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#CPT\">CPT (Carriage Paid to)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#CIP\">CIP (Carriage and Insurance Paid to)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#DAP\">DAP (dodan\u00e9 na miesto)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#DPU\">DPU (dodan\u00e9 na miesto vylo\u017eenia)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#DDP\">DDP (dodan\u00e9 clo zaplaten\u00e9)<\/a><\/li><\/ol>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"EXW\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_EXW_Ex_Works\"><\/span>1. EXW (Ex Works)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Prv\u00e9 z pravidiel Incoterms\u00ae je jedine\u010dn\u00e9 z nieko\u013ek\u00fdch d\u00f4vodov. Je to jedin\u00e9 pravidlo v skupine pravidiel E, preto\u017ee je to jedin\u00e9 pravidlo, ktor\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uje dodanie tovaru v mieste jeho p\u00f4vodu. Je to tie\u017e pravidlo, ktor\u00e9 uklad\u00e1 minim\u00e1lne povinnosti pred\u00e1vaj\u00facej strane, ale zameriava sa najm\u00e4 na \u00fapravu povinnost\u00ed kupuj\u00facej strany.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Pravidlo Ex Works umo\u017e\u0148uje pred\u00e1vaj\u00facej strane splni\u0165 svoje z\u00e1v\u00e4zky bez toho, aby tovar nalo\u017eila na po\u010diato\u010dn\u00fa prepravu, o ktor\u00fa sa postar\u00e1 kupuj\u00faca strana. Hoci je mo\u017en\u00e9 vypracova\u0165 osobitn\u00fa mo\u017enos\u0165 ozna\u010den\u00fa ako \"LOADED\" (nalo\u017een\u00e9), ktor\u00e1 nasleduje po term\u00edne EXW a ktor\u00e1 znamen\u00e1, \u017ee pred\u00e1vaj\u00faca spolo\u010dnos\u0165 s\u00fahlas\u00ed s nalo\u017een\u00edm tovaru na po\u010diato\u010dn\u00e9 prepravn\u00e9 vozidlo.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>K povinnostiam pred\u00e1vaj\u00facej strany patr\u00ed balenie a ozna\u010dovanie tovaru a poskytnutie dokladu o k\u00fape kupuj\u00facej strane.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Ak chcete vyu\u017ei\u0165 pravidlo EXW, odpor\u00fa\u010dame kupuj\u00facim, aby pri pren\u00e1jme prepravn\u00e9ho vozidla zabezpe\u010dili, \u017ee je v \u0148om zahrnut\u00e1 aj nakl\u00e1dka, aby sa predi\u0161lo zbyto\u010dn\u00fdm incidentom.&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>EXW je vhodn\u00e1 pre krat\u0161ie vzdialenosti medzi v\u00fdchodiskov\u00fdm a kone\u010dn\u00fdm miestom ur\u010denia, kde sa tovar prepravuje v men\u0161\u00edch n\u00e1kladoch alebo bal\u00edkov\u00fdch z\u00e1sielkach.&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><strong>K\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 atrib\u00faty EXW<\/strong>:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Miesto dodania<\/strong>: Miestom dodania m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 vlastn\u00e9 priestory pred\u00e1vaj\u00facej strany alebo in\u00e9 ur\u010den\u00e9 miesto, ktor\u00e9 je uveden\u00e9 v medzin\u00e1rodnej k\u00fapnej zmluve (napr\u00edklad sklad, distribu\u010dn\u00e1 platforma, tov\u00e1re\u0148, sklad at\u010f.);<\/li><li><strong>Miesto prevodu riz\u00edk<\/strong>: Vlastn\u00e9 priestory pred\u00e1vaj\u00facej strany s\u00fa tie\u017e miestom, kde doch\u00e1dza k prevodu riz\u00edk;<\/li><li><strong>Sp\u00f4soby dopravy<\/strong>: Po prevzat\u00ed tovaru je kupuj\u00faca strana zodpovedn\u00e1 za jeho prepravu a\u017e do miesta ur\u010denia. Preprava pod\u013ea tohto pravidla m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 multimod\u00e1lna (n\u00e1morn\u00e1, \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00e1, cestn\u00e1 alebo leteck\u00e1);<\/li><li><strong>Coln\u00e9 konanie<\/strong>: Po prijat\u00ed potrebnej dokument\u00e1cie od pred\u00e1vaj\u00facej strany je kupuj\u00faca strana zodpovedn\u00e1 za vykonanie v\u00fdvozn\u00e9ho aj dovozn\u00e9ho coln\u00e9ho konania. Ak trasa dod\u00e1vky prech\u00e1dza viacer\u00fdmi krajinami, tranzitn\u00e9 postupy s\u00fa tie\u017e v kompetencii kupuj\u00facej strany;<\/li><li><strong>Poistenie prepravy<\/strong>: Ke\u010f\u017ee cel\u00e1 preprava tovaru, rizik\u00e1 a n\u00e1klady s \u0148ou spojen\u00e9 nesie kupuj\u00faci, je na \u0148om, aby sa rozhodol, \u010di chce svoju n\u00e1kladn\u00fa jednotku poisti\u0165 proti rizik\u00e1m\/po\u0161kodeniu po\u010das prepravy.<\/li><\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Osved\u010den\u00e9 postupy pre EXW (Ex Works)<\/h4>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>N\u00e1\u0161 skromn\u00fd n\u00e1zor na term\u00edn EXW (Ex Works) je, \u017ee je vhodnej\u0161\u00ed pre dom\u00e1ci obchod ne\u017e pre medzin\u00e1rodn\u00fd obchod. Jeho naj\u010dastej\u0161ie pou\u017eitie je pri kuri\u00e9rskych z\u00e1sielkach, pri ktor\u00fdch je najat\u00fd kuri\u00e9r zodpovedn\u00fd za v\u0161etko od nalo\u017eenia a\u017e po prepravu a vylo\u017eenie v mieste ur\u010denia.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Ke\u010f\u017ee najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ia \u010das\u0165 zodpovednosti le\u017e\u00ed na kupuj\u00facej strane, odpor\u00fa\u010dame ka\u017ed\u00e9mu, kto s\u00fahlas\u00ed s pravidlom EXW, aby si najal spo\u013eahliv\u00fa <a href=\"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/sk\/freight-forwarder\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"17\" title=\"Sprievodca medzin\u00e1rodn\u00fdmi n\u00e1kladmi a spolo\u010dnos\u0165ami zasielate\u013estva a NVOCC\">zasielate\u013e<\/a> vykona\u0165 v\u0161etko v logistickom re\u0165azci a minimalizova\u0165 rizik\u00e1 a \u010fal\u0161ie n\u00e1klady.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"FCA\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_FCA_Free_Carrier\"><\/span>2. FCA (Free Carrier)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Vo\u013en\u00fd prepravca - FCA je prv\u00e9 z troch pravidiel F Incoterms\u00ae a jedin\u00e9 pravidlo v tejto skupine, ktor\u00e9 sa t\u00fdka multimod\u00e1lnej prepravy.&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Ak sa pred\u00e1vaj\u00faca a kupuj\u00faca strana dohodn\u00fa na \u00faprave medzin\u00e1rodnej k\u00fapnej zmluvy v s\u00falade s t\u00fdmto pravidlom, pred\u00e1vaj\u00faca strana preber\u00e1 zodpovednos\u0165 za dodanie tovaru a\u017e po miesto, kde sa za\u010d\u00edna hlavn\u00e1 prepravn\u00e1 etapa logistick\u00e9ho re\u0165azca.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Na rozdiel od mnoh\u00fdch pravidiel Incoterms\u00ae poskytuje pravidlo FCA v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iu flexibilitu pri rozhodovan\u00ed o mieste dodania. Pred\u00e1vaj\u00faci a kupuj\u00faci si m\u00f4\u017eu vybra\u0165 medzi miestom p\u00f4vodu pred\u00e1vaj\u00faceho (jeho priestory, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu zah\u0155\u0148a\u0165 sklady, distribu\u010dn\u00e9 platformy, tov\u00e1rne, sklady at\u010f.) alebo ur\u010den\u00fdm miestom, kde bude tovar k dispoz\u00edcii na za\u010datie svojej hlavnej cesty (n\u00e1morn\u00fd alebo vn\u00fatrozemsk\u00fd pr\u00edstav, leteck\u00fd n\u00e1kladn\u00fd termin\u00e1l, \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00fd kontajnerov\u00fd termin\u00e1l, sklad zasielate\u013ea at\u010f.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Pod\u013ea tohto pravidla je kupuj\u00faca strana povinn\u00e1 naja\u0165 dopravcu na hlavn\u00fa prepravu tovaru a zn\u00e1\u0161a\u0165 jeho n\u00e1klady a rizik\u00e1.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Z tohto pravidla je tie\u017e jasn\u00e9, \u017ee pred\u00e1vaj\u00faca strana je t\u00e1, ktor\u00e1 by mala tovar precli\u0165 na v\u00fdvoz a uhradi\u0165 n\u00e1klady na v\u00fdvozn\u00fa certifik\u00e1ciu a dokument\u00e1ciu.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><strong>K\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 atrib\u00faty FCA<\/strong>:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Miesto dodania<\/strong>: Ak je dohodnut\u00fdm miestom miesto p\u00f4vodu, pred\u00e1vaj\u00faca strana je povinn\u00e1 nalo\u017ei\u0165 tovar na palubu dopravn\u00e9ho prostriedku, ktor\u00fd si prenajala kupuj\u00faca strana. Ak je dohodnut\u00fdm miestom dodania in\u00e9 ur\u010den\u00e9 miesto, pred\u00e1vaj\u00faca strana je zodpovedn\u00e1 za nalo\u017eenie a dodanie tovaru prostredn\u00edctvom vn\u00fatrozemskej dopravy a za to, aby bol tovar k dispoz\u00edcii na vylo\u017eenie dopravcovi, ktor\u00e9ho si najala a zaplatila kupuj\u00faca strana;<\/li><li><strong>Miesto prevodu riz\u00edk<\/strong>: V z\u00e1vislosti od miesta dodania m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 miestom prechodu riz\u00edk bu\u010f vlastn\u00e9 priestory pred\u00e1vaj\u00facej strany, alebo ur\u010den\u00e9 miesto, kde sa tovar vyklad\u00e1 z dopravn\u00e9ho prostriedku pred\u00e1vaj\u00faceho;<\/li><li><strong>Sp\u00f4soby dopravy<\/strong>: Pravidlo FCA umo\u017e\u0148uje multimod\u00e1lnu dopravu pre obe strany (n\u00e1morn\u00fa, \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00fa, cestn\u00fa alebo leteck\u00fa) - \u010di u\u017e ide o vn\u00fatrozemsk\u00fa dopravu pred\u00e1vaj\u00facej strany alebo hlavn\u00fa dopravu kupuj\u00facej strany;<\/li><li><strong>Coln\u00e9 konanie<\/strong>: Na rozdiel od pravidla EXW, pri ktorom v\u0161etky coln\u00e9 postupy vykon\u00e1vala kupuj\u00faca strana, pod\u013ea pravidla FCA je povinnos\u0165ou pred\u00e1vaj\u00facej strany postara\u0165 sa o coln\u00e9 konanie pri v\u00fdvoze. Za dovozn\u00e9 a transferov\u00e9 coln\u00e9 konanie zodpoved\u00e1 kupuj\u00faca strana;<\/li><li><strong>Poistenie prepravy<\/strong>: Pod\u013ea tohto pravidla nesie najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161iu \u010das\u0165 zodpovednosti kupuj\u00faca strana, ale ani jedna z nich nie je povinn\u00e1 uzavrie\u0165 poistenie prepravy.<\/li><\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Osved\u010den\u00e9 postupy pre FCA (Free Carrier)<\/h4>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Nemalo by to by\u0165 samozrejm\u00e9, ale c\u00edtime sa povinn\u00ed poznamena\u0165, \u017ee kupuj\u00faca a pred\u00e1vaj\u00faca strana musia d\u00f4kladne prediskutova\u0165 t\u00e9mu v\u00fdberu presn\u00e9ho miesta dodania. Je to d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 najm\u00e4 pre kupuj\u00facu stranu, preto\u017ee pr\u00e1ve na tomto mieste doch\u00e1dza k prenosu riz\u00edk.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\u010eal\u0161\u00edm pozoruhodn\u00fdm bodom je, \u017ee pravidlo FCA je vhodn\u00e9 na prepravu tovaru v kontajneroch pri n\u00e1mornej preprave alebo v n\u00e1kladn\u00fdch aut\u00e1ch pri cestnej preprave.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"FAS\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_FAS_Free_Alongside_Ship\"><\/span>3. FAS (Free Alongside Ship)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Druh\u00fdm pravidlom v skupine pravidiel F je pravidlo FAS - Free Alongside Ship - prv\u00e9 pravidlo Incoterms\u00ae ur\u010den\u00e9 na regul\u00e1ciu medzin\u00e1rodn\u00fdch n\u00e1morn\u00fdch obchodn\u00fdch transakci\u00ed.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Toto pravidlo sa m\u00f4\u017ee pou\u017ei\u0165 v\u017edy, ke\u010f si kupuj\u00faca strana prenajme plavidlo na uskuto\u010dnenie dod\u00e1vky tovaru po\u010das hlavnej f\u00e1zy logistick\u00e9ho re\u0165azca. Pravidlo FAS sa preto m\u00f4\u017ee pou\u017ei\u0165 len na prepravu, ktor\u00e1 sa uskuto\u010d\u0148uje na mori alebo na vn\u00fatrozemsk\u00fdch vodn\u00fdch cest\u00e1ch.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Povinnosti pred\u00e1vaj\u00facej strany sa v tomto pr\u00edpade roz\u0161iruj\u00fa na zabezpe\u010denie ostrovnej prepravy tovaru a\u017e do pr\u00edstavu\/n\u00e1bre\u017eia, kde prenajat\u00e9 plavidlo kupuj\u00faceho prijme tovar, z \u010doho vypl\u00fdva aj jeho n\u00e1zov (popri lodi). Pred\u00e1vaj\u00faci by mal doda\u0165 tovar v dohodnut\u00fd de\u0148 a \u010das a doda\u0165 kupuj\u00facej strane pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 n\u00e1morn\u00e9\/pr\u00edstavn\u00e9 doklady, ktor\u00e9 preukazuj\u00fa dodanie tovaru.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Pod\u013ea uv\u00e1\u017eenia kupuj\u00faceho<strong> n\u00e1kladn\u00fd list<\/strong>, \u010do je potvrdenie, ktor\u00e9 dokumentuje tovar, ktor\u00fd bude na palube na prepravu, mo\u017eno z\u00edska\u0165 s pomocou pred\u00e1vaj\u00facej strany.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Stru\u010dne povedan\u00e9, povinnosti pred\u00e1vaj\u00facej strany zah\u0155\u0148aj\u00fa balenie, ozna\u010dovanie, z\u00edskanie v\u00fdvozn\u00e9ho povolenia, nakl\u00e1dku, prepravu tovaru na pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 n\u00e1kladn\u00e9 pr\u00edstavisko alebo termin\u00e1l a vykl\u00e1dku.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><strong>K\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 vlastnosti syst\u00e9mu FAS<\/strong>:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Miesto dodania<\/strong>: N\u00e1bre\u017eie alebo pr\u00edstavn\u00fd termin\u00e1l ur\u010den\u00fd kupuj\u00facou stranou popri prenajatom plavidle kupuj\u00faceho v de\u0148 a \u010das uveden\u00fd v medzin\u00e1rodnej k\u00fapnej zmluve;<\/li><li><strong>Miesto prevodu riz\u00edk<\/strong>: Rovnak\u00e9 ako miesto dodania - akon\u00e1hle je tovar vylo\u017een\u00fd z dopravn\u00e9ho prostriedku pred\u00e1vaj\u00faceho a pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e1 dokument\u00e1cia je odovzdan\u00e1 z\u00e1stupcovi kupuj\u00faceho, m\u00e1 sa za to, \u017ee rizik\u00e1 prech\u00e1dzaj\u00fa na kupuj\u00facu stranu;<\/li><li><strong>Sp\u00f4soby dopravy<\/strong>: Pravidlo FAS sa pou\u017e\u00edva len v pr\u00edpade n\u00e1mornej dopravy (lode na prepravu v\u0161eobecn\u00e9ho n\u00e1kladu, viac\u00fa\u010delov\u00e9 plavidl\u00e1, ropn\u00e9 tankery, lode typu roll-on\/roll-off (prepravuj\u00face vozidl\u00e1), lode na prepravu vo\u013ene lo\u017een\u00e9ho tovaru at\u010f.)<\/li><li><strong>Coln\u00e9 konanie<\/strong>: Pod\u013ea pravidla FAS je pred\u00e1vaj\u00faca strana povinn\u00e1 postara\u0165 sa o v\u00fdvozn\u00e9 coln\u00e9 konanie. Za dovozn\u00e9 coln\u00e9 konanie a transferov\u00e9 coln\u00e9 konanie je zodpovedn\u00e1 kupuj\u00faca strana;<\/li><li><strong>Poistenie prepravy<\/strong>: Podobne ako pri pravidle FCA je v z\u00e1ujme kupuj\u00facej strany, aby si pri pravidle FAS zaobstarala poistenie prepravy, ale v praxi nie je \u017eiadna zo str\u00e1n obmedzen\u00e1 uzatvori\u0165 poistenie prepravy.<\/li><\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Osved\u010den\u00e9 postupy pre FAS (Free Alongside Ship)<\/h4>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Ke\u010f\u017ee tovar sa dod\u00e1va priamo na prenajat\u00fa lo\u010f kupuj\u00faceho, pravidlo FAS nie je najvhodnej\u0161ie, pokia\u013e ide o dod\u00e1vku kontajnerov\u00e9ho n\u00e1kladu, preto\u017ee prepravn\u00e9 kontajnery sa ukladaj\u00fa a skladuj\u00fa len na ur\u010den\u00fdch miestach.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Odpor\u00fa\u010da sa, aby kupuj\u00faci pou\u017e\u00edvali pravidlo FAS, ak nakupuj\u00fa vo\u013ene lo\u017een\u00fd tovar, vozidl\u00e1, \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9 stroje, investi\u010dn\u00fd tovar, ve\u013ek\u00e9 objemy a in\u00fd podobne balen\u00fd tovar.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Pri v\u00fdbere tohto pravidla je potrebn\u00e9, aby kupuj\u00faca strana pozorne sledovala, preto\u017ee pojem \"popri\" m\u00f4\u017ee obsahova\u0165 nieko\u013eko \u0161ed\u00fdch oblast\u00ed, ak by sa vyskytol spor.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"FOB\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_FOB_Free_on_Board\"><\/span>4. FOB (Free on Board)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Roz\u0161\u00edren\u00edm pravidla FAS je pravidlo FOB Incoterms\u00ae (Free on Board), ktor\u00e9 je tret\u00edm a posledn\u00fdm z pravidiel F.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Ide o \u010fal\u0161ie pravidlo, ktor\u00e9 upravuje n\u00e1morn\u00fa dopravu (n\u00e1morn\u00fa a vn\u00fatrozemsk\u00fa vodn\u00fa) a o jednu povinnos\u0165 pre pred\u00e1vaj\u00facu stranu, ktor\u00e1 je v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ia ako pravidlo FAS, a to nalo\u017eenie plavidla prenajat\u00e9ho kupuj\u00facou stranou tovarom, ktor\u00fd sa m\u00e1 doda\u0165.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>T\u00fdmto sp\u00f4sobom si pred\u00e1vaj\u00faca strana sama zaobstar\u00e1 konosament, a preto je povinn\u00e1 ho poskytn\u00fa\u0165 kupuj\u00facej spolo\u010dnosti, aj ke\u010f si prepravn\u00fa slu\u017ebu prenajala.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>T\u00e1to dokument\u00e1cia sa z\u00edskava na \u017eiados\u0165 kupuj\u00facej strany a pred\u00e1vaj\u00faca strana je povinn\u00e1 poskytn\u00fa\u0165 jej pri tejto \u017eiadosti s\u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165. N\u00e1klady a rizik\u00e1 spojen\u00e9 s touto povinnos\u0165ou v\u0161ak st\u00e1le zn\u00e1\u0161a kupuj\u00faca strana.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Tak\u017ee aj ke\u010f kupuj\u00faci plat\u00ed za nalo\u017eenie a ulo\u017eenie tovaru na rezervovan\u00fa lo\u010f, rizik\u00e1 v tejto f\u00e1ze st\u00e1le nesie pred\u00e1vaj\u00faca strana.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Pravidlo FOB sa \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edva pri hromadn\u00fdch z\u00e1sielkach a \u010dasto sa k nemu prip\u00e1jaj\u00fa roz\u0161\u00edrenia, ako napr\u00edklad \"STOWED\" alebo \"STOWED and TRIMMED\", ktor\u00e9 ozna\u010duj\u00fa, \u017ee tovar bol riadne nalo\u017een\u00fd na lo\u010f, vyrovnan\u00fd a zabezpe\u010den\u00fd.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><strong>K\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 atrib\u00faty FOB<\/strong>:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Miesto dodania<\/strong>: Tovar sa pova\u017euje za dodan\u00fd pred\u00e1vaj\u00facou stranou po jeho preprave a nalo\u017een\u00ed na plavidlo objednan\u00e9 kupuj\u00facou stranou v ur\u010denej z\u00e1toke alebo pr\u00edstavnom termin\u00e1li a v ur\u010den\u00fd de\u0148 a \u010das;<\/li><li><strong>Miesto prevodu riz\u00edk<\/strong>: Pod\u013ea pravidla FOB v podp\u00edsanej medzin\u00e1rodnej k\u00fapnej zmluve prech\u00e1dza riziko spojen\u00e9 s tovarom z pred\u00e1vaj\u00facej strany na kupuj\u00facu stranu, ke\u010f je tovar nalo\u017een\u00fd na lo\u010f;<\/li><li><strong>Sp\u00f4soby dopravy<\/strong>: FOB sa pou\u017e\u00edva len pre n\u00e1morn\u00fa dopravu na mori a vn\u00fatrozemsk\u00fdch vodn\u00fdch cest\u00e1ch (lode na prepravu v\u0161eobecn\u00e9ho n\u00e1kladu, viac\u00fa\u010delov\u00e9 lode, lode na prepravu vo\u013ene lo\u017een\u00e9ho tovaru at\u010f.)<\/li><li><strong>Coln\u00e9 konanie<\/strong>: Rovnak\u00e9 ako v pr\u00edpade pravidla FAS - za vykonanie v\u00fdvozn\u00e9ho coln\u00e9ho konania je zodpovedn\u00e1 pred\u00e1vaj\u00faca strana. Za dovozn\u00e9 coln\u00e9 konanie a transferov\u00e9 coln\u00e9 konanie zodpoved\u00e1 kupuj\u00faca strana;<\/li><li><strong>Poistenie prepravy<\/strong>: V\u0161etky pravidl\u00e1 v skupine pravidiel F neukladaj\u00fa kupuj\u00facemu a pred\u00e1vaj\u00facemu povinnos\u0165 poisti\u0165 tovar proti rizik\u00e1m po\u0161kodenia a straty po\u010das jeho dod\u00e1vky a prepravy.<\/li><\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Osved\u010den\u00e9 postupy pre FOB (Free on Board)<\/h4>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>N\u00e1kup pod\u013ea pravidla FOB je najvhodnej\u0161\u00ed, ak ide o such\u00fd alebo sypk\u00fd n\u00e1klad, ako je obilie, drevo, oce\u013e, zvitky, r\u00fary, \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9 zariadenia alebo v\u0161eobecn\u00fd n\u00e1klad zabalen\u00fd v debn\u00e1ch, vreciach, bal\u00edkoch, sudoch at\u010f.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Podobne ako v pr\u00edpade pravidla FAS, kontajnery na kontajnerov\u00e9 lode nakladaj\u00fa dopravcovia alebo pr\u00edstavn\u00e9 zariadenia, tak\u017ee tento typ n\u00e1kladu nie je vhodn\u00fd pre pravidlo FOB. Z pravidiel F je pravidlo FCA najvhodnej\u0161ie na regul\u00e1ciu prepravy kontajnerov\u00e9ho n\u00e1kladu.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"CFR\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_CFR_Cost_and_Freight\"><\/span>5. CFR (n\u00e1klady a preprava)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Skupina C pravidiel Incoterms\u00ae dodr\u017eiava rovnak\u00e9 postupy ako pravidl\u00e1 E a F, pokia\u013e ide o prevod riz\u00edk a dodanie tovaru. V\u0161etky sa uskuto\u010d\u0148uj\u00fa v krajine p\u00f4vodu.&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Odli\u0161n\u00e9 s\u00fa povinnosti, ktor\u00e9 m\u00e1 pred\u00e1vaj\u00faca strana, pokia\u013e ide o hlavn\u00fa prepravu - pod\u013ea pravidiel C zn\u00e1\u0161a n\u00e1klady na hlavn\u00fa prepravu tovaru pred\u00e1vaj\u00faca strana.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Prv\u00e9 z t\u00fdchto pravidiel - pravidlo CFR (Cost and Freight) - stanovuje pokyny v r\u00e1mci medzin\u00e1rodnej k\u00fapnej zmluvy, ak sa hlavn\u00e1 preprava tovaru uskuto\u010d\u0148uje n\u00e1mornou cestou.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Povinnosti pred\u00e1vaj\u00faceho zah\u0155\u0148aj\u00fa balenie a ozna\u010dovanie, nakladanie tovaru na vn\u00fatrozemsk\u00fa prepravu a jeho vykladanie na n\u00e1kladn\u00e9 plavidlo, ktor\u00e9 si t\u00e1to strana vopred objednala.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Povinnosti kupuj\u00facej strany sa obnovia, ke\u010f tovar doraz\u00ed do pr\u00edstavu, ktor\u00fd ur\u010dila. Teda mus\u00ed tovar vylo\u017ei\u0165 z plavidla, zaplati\u0165 potrebn\u00e9 pr\u00edstavn\u00e9 poplatky, precli\u0165 ho na dovoznom colnom \u00farade, prepravi\u0165 tovar a vylo\u017ei\u0165 ho v mieste kone\u010dn\u00e9ho ur\u010denia.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Je tie\u017e mo\u017en\u00e9, aby pred\u00e1vaj\u00faca strana s\u00fahlasila s t\u00fdm, \u017ee zaplat\u00ed za vylo\u017eenie tovaru v pr\u00edstave ur\u010denia. Toto mus\u00ed by\u0165 v\u00fdslovne vyjadren\u00e9 v k\u00fapnej zmluve s roz\u0161\u00edren\u00edm CFR \"LANDED\".<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><strong>K\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 vlastnosti CFR<\/strong>:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Miesto dodania<\/strong>: Aj ke\u010f pred\u00e1vaj\u00faca strana zn\u00e1\u0161a n\u00e1klady na hlavn\u00fa prepravu a\u017e do pr\u00edstavu ur\u010denia v krajine ur\u010denia, miestom dodania tovaru je miesto, kde sa tovar nalo\u017e\u00ed na n\u00e1morn\u00fa lo\u010f v krajine p\u00f4vodu;<\/li><li><strong>Miesto prevodu riz\u00edk<\/strong>: Rovnak\u00e9 ako miesto dodania - hne\u010f ako je tovar nalo\u017een\u00fd na prepravn\u00e9 plavidlo, s\u00favisiace rizik\u00e1 sa pova\u017euj\u00fa za prenesen\u00e9;<\/li><li><strong>Sp\u00f4soby dopravy<\/strong>: Pravidlo o n\u00e1kladoch a preprave sa pou\u017e\u00edva len na prepravu tovaru prostredn\u00edctvom n\u00e1mornej dopravy (lode na prepravu v\u0161eobecn\u00e9ho n\u00e1kladu, viac\u00fa\u010delov\u00e9 plavidl\u00e1, ropn\u00e9 tankery, lode typu roll-on\/roll-off (preprava vozidiel)), <a href=\"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/sk\/top-10-largest-container-ships-in-2022\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"84\" title=\"10 najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edch kontajnerov\u00fdch lod\u00ed v roku 2026\">kontajnerov\u00e9 lode<\/a>, lode na prepravu vo\u013ene lo\u017een\u00e9ho tovaru at\u010f.);<\/li><li><strong>Coln\u00e9 konanie<\/strong>: Pod\u013ea pravidla CFR je pred\u00e1vaj\u00faca strana povinn\u00e1 postara\u0165 sa o coln\u00e9 konanie pri v\u00fdvoze. Za dovozn\u00e9 coln\u00e9 konanie a transferov\u00e9 coln\u00e9 konanie je zodpovedn\u00e1 kupuj\u00faca strana;<\/li><li><strong>Poistenie prepravy<\/strong>: Zna\u010dn\u00e1 \u010das\u0165 riz\u00edk pripad\u00e1 pod\u013ea pravidla CFR na kupuj\u00facu stranu, tak\u017ee je na nej, aby sa rozhodla, \u010di chce svoju n\u00e1kladov\u00fa jednotku poisti\u0165 proti strate alebo po\u0161kodeniu po\u010das prepravy. Tak ako pri v\u0161etk\u00fdch predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facich pravidl\u00e1ch, ani pravidlo CFR nezav\u00e4zuje pred\u00e1vaj\u00facu ani kupuj\u00facu stranu, aby si zabezpe\u010dila poistenie prepravy.<\/li><\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Osved\u010den\u00e9 postupy pre CFR (n\u00e1klady a preprava)<\/h4>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Pred\u00e1vaj\u00faca strana, ktor\u00e1 s\u00fahlas\u00ed s t\u00fdm, \u017ee bude zn\u00e1\u0161a\u0165 n\u00e1klady na hlavn\u00fa prepravu pod\u013ea pravidla CFR, mus\u00ed rozumie\u0165 pojmom \"\u010dasy vo\u013en\u00e9ho nakladania\/vykladania\" a \"demur\u00e1\u017e\".<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\u010cas vo\u013en\u00e9ho nakladania\/vykladania je \u010das ur\u010den\u00fd na nalo\u017eenie alebo vylo\u017eenie hromadn\u00e9ho alebo kusov\u00e9ho n\u00e1kladu na plavidlo alebo z plavidla. Ak sa tento \u010dasov\u00fd r\u00e1mec poru\u0161\u00ed, m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 potrebn\u00e9 zaplati\u0165 poplatok naz\u00fdvan\u00fd demurrage strane spravuj\u00facej termin\u00e1l, ktor\u00fd sa pou\u017e\u00edva, alebo prepravcovi plavidla.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Na druhej strane by si kupuj\u00faca strana mala uvedomi\u0165, \u017ee ak sa n\u00e1klad mus\u00ed prelo\u017ei\u0165 na in\u00e9 plavidlo za osobitn\u00fdch okolnost\u00ed (napr\u00edklad v pr\u00edpade zl\u00fdch poveternostn\u00fdch podmienok), n\u00e1klady na prepravu s\u00fa na jej zodpovednosti.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Nakoniec, hoci kontajnerov\u00fd n\u00e1klad mo\u017eno k\u00fapi\u0165 pomocou pravidla Cost and Freight, vhodnej\u0161ou mo\u017enos\u0165ou je pou\u017ei\u0165 pravidlo CPT (Carriage Paid to).<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"CIF\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"6_CIF_Cost_Insurance_and_Freight\"><\/span>6. CIF (n\u00e1klady, poistenie a preprava)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Pravidlo CIF Incoterms\u00ae (Cost, Insurance, and Freight), ktor\u00e9 prakticky uklad\u00e1 rovnak\u00e9 povinnosti ako pravidlo CFR, m\u00e1 pre pred\u00e1vaj\u00facu stranu e\u0161te jednu po\u017eiadavku. To z neho rob\u00ed prv\u00e9 pravidlo na tomto zozname, ktor\u00e9 vy\u017eaduje, aby pred\u00e1vaj\u00faca strana z\u00edskala poistenie prepravy tovaru po\u010das hlavnej f\u00e1zy logistick\u00e9ho re\u0165azca.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Rovnako ako pravidlo CFR je toto pravidlo vhodn\u00e9 len pre n\u00e1morn\u00fa prepravu tovaru (n\u00e1morn\u00e9 a vn\u00fatrozemsk\u00e9 vodn\u00e9 cesty). Aj ostatn\u00e9 podmienky s\u00fa rovnak\u00e9 - pravidlo CIF zav\u00e4zuje pred\u00e1vaj\u00facu stranu, aby sa postarala o n\u00e1klady na prepravu pre kupuj\u00facu stranu a zabezpe\u010dila prepravu tovaru do kone\u010dn\u00e9ho pr\u00edstavu ur\u010denia.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>V tomto pr\u00edpade m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 tovar vylo\u017een\u00fd z n\u00e1mornej lode, ak sa na tom obe strany dohodn\u00fa v medzin\u00e1rodnej k\u00fapnej zmluve, a to roz\u0161\u00edren\u00edm pravidla CIF o v\u00fdraz \"VYLO\u017dEN\u00c9\".<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Pri tomto type nariadenia mus\u00ed pred\u00e1vaj\u00faci da\u0165 konosament kupuj\u00facemu \u013eahko k dispoz\u00edcii, preto\u017ee tento doklad je pre neho potrebn\u00fd pri preberan\u00ed tovaru v pr\u00edstave ur\u010denia.&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Konosament by mal by\u0165 tie\u017e obchodovate\u013en\u00fd, \u010do znamen\u00e1, \u017ee mus\u00ed umo\u017eni\u0165 kupuj\u00facemu preda\u0165 tovar e\u0161te pred jeho pr\u00edchodom do kone\u010dn\u00e9ho pr\u00edstavu (po\u010das prepravy).<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><strong>K\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 vlastnosti CIF<\/strong>:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Miesto dodania<\/strong>: Podobne ako pri pravidle CFR sa predpoklad\u00e1, \u017ee tovar je dodan\u00fd hne\u010f po nalo\u017een\u00ed na n\u00e1morn\u00fa lo\u010f v krajine p\u00f4vodu, hoci v\u0161etky n\u00e1klady na hlavn\u00fa prepravu a poistn\u00e9 zn\u00e1\u0161a pred\u00e1vaj\u00faca strana;<\/li><li><strong>Miesto prevodu riz\u00edk<\/strong>: Rizik\u00e1 sa pren\u00e1\u0161aj\u00fa aj v okamihu, ke\u010f sa predpoklad\u00e1, \u017ee tovar bude dodan\u00fd (nalo\u017een\u00fd na prepravn\u00e9 plavidlo);<\/li><li><strong>Sp\u00f4soby dopravy<\/strong>: Pravidlo o n\u00e1kladoch, poisten\u00ed a preprave sa pou\u017e\u00edva len pri preprave tovaru prostredn\u00edctvom n\u00e1mornej dopravy (lode na prepravu v\u0161eobecn\u00e9ho n\u00e1kladu, viac\u00fa\u010delov\u00e9 plavidl\u00e1, ropn\u00e9 tankery, lode typu roll-on\/roll-off (preprava vozidiel), kontajnerov\u00e9 lode, lode na prepravu vo\u013ene lo\u017een\u00e9ho tovaru at\u010f.);<\/li><li><strong>Coln\u00e9 konanie<\/strong>: Pod\u013ea pravidla CIF je pred\u00e1vaj\u00faca strana povinn\u00e1 postara\u0165 sa o coln\u00e9 konanie pri v\u00fdvoze. Za dovozn\u00e9 coln\u00e9 konanie a transferov\u00e9 coln\u00e9 konanie zodpoved\u00e1 kupuj\u00faca strana;<\/li><li><strong>Poistenie prepravy<\/strong>: Na rozdiel od v\u0161etk\u00fdch predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facich pravidiel, pravidlo CIF vy\u017eaduje, aby si pred\u00e1vaj\u00faca strana zvolila poistn\u00fa zmluvu, ktor\u00e1 poist\u00ed n\u00e1klad po\u010das prepravy, v plnej v\u00fd\u0161ke. Poistn\u00e1 zmluva mus\u00ed zabezpe\u010di\u0165, \u017ee v pr\u00edpade straty alebo po\u0161kodenia n\u00e1kladu bude kupuj\u00facej strane vyplaten\u00fdch aspo\u0148 110% z jeho plnej ceny. Dodato\u010dn\u00fdch 10% je tam s predpokladom, \u017ee to je minim\u00e1lny zisk, ktor\u00fd by kupuj\u00faci z\u00edskal z poisten\u00e9ho n\u00e1kladu.<\/li><\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Osved\u010den\u00e9 postupy pre CIF (n\u00e1klady, poistenie a prepravu)<\/h4>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"563\" src=\"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Incoterms-2.jpg\" alt=\"Incoterms\" class=\"wp-image-3775\" srcset=\"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Incoterms-2.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/moverdb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Incoterms-2-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/moverdb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Incoterms-2-600x338.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Poistn\u00e9 zaplaten\u00e9 pred\u00e1vaj\u00facou stranou za prepravu tovaru je zvy\u010dajne z\u00e1kladnou mo\u017enos\u0165ou, ktor\u00fa pois\u0165ovne pon\u00fakaj\u00fa, a \u010dasto to nemus\u00ed sta\u010di\u0165. Preto sa kupuj\u00facej strane odpor\u00fa\u010da prerokova\u0165 roz\u0161\u00edrenie poistnej zmluvy o v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie poistn\u00e9 krytie. Z toho vypl\u00fdva, \u017ee dodato\u010dn\u00e9 n\u00e1klady na\u0148 by mal kompenzova\u0165 kupuj\u00faci.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Rovnako ako v pr\u00edpade pravidla CFR, aj v pr\u00edpade pravidla CIF mo\u017eno prepravova\u0165 v\u0161etky druhy n\u00e1kladu. Ke\u010f\u017ee sa v\u0161ak preprava tovaru vykon\u00e1va len prostredn\u00edctvom n\u00e1morn\u00fdch alebo vn\u00fatrozemsk\u00fdch vodn\u00fdch plavidiel, neodpor\u00fa\u010da sa pri tomto pravidle pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 kontajnerov\u00fd n\u00e1klad. Pravidlo CPT je v tomto pr\u00edpade lep\u0161ou mo\u017enos\u0165ou, preto\u017ee poskytuje v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iu vo\u013enos\u0165, pokia\u013e ide o sp\u00f4soby prepravy.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"CPT\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"7_CPT_Carriage_Paid_to\"><\/span>7. CPT (Carriage Paid to)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Pod\u013ea pravidla CPT (Carriage Paid to) sa pred\u00e1vaj\u00faca aj kupuj\u00faca strana m\u00f4\u017eu dohodn\u00fa\u0165, \u017ee miestom ur\u010denia tovaru m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 ak\u00e9ko\u013evek miesto na trase z priestorov pred\u00e1vaj\u00faceho do priestorov kupuj\u00faceho.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Podobne ako pri pravidl\u00e1ch CIF a CFR, aj pod\u013ea pravidla CPT je za cel\u00fa prepravu a\u017e do miesta ur\u010denia tovaru ur\u010den\u00e9ho kupuj\u00facou stranou zodpovedn\u00e1 pred\u00e1vaj\u00faca strana, ktor\u00e1 zn\u00e1\u0161a v\u0161etky n\u00e1klady spojen\u00e9 s touto f\u00e1zou. Podobne aj vo f\u00e1ze prevodu rizika sa uplat\u0148uje rovnak\u00fd pr\u00edstup&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Na rozdiel od pravidiel CIF a CFR, ktor\u00e9 upravuj\u00fa len n\u00e1morn\u00fa dopravu, pri pren\u00e1jme prepravy pod\u013ea pravidla CPT mo\u017eno pou\u017ei\u0165 v\u0161etky druhy dopravy (\u017eelezni\u010dn\u00fa, cestn\u00fa, leteck\u00fa a n\u00e1morn\u00fa). Na rozdiel od predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facich pravidiel C pravidlo CPT tie\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje pred\u00e1vaj\u00facej strane doda\u0165 tovar prepravuj\u00facemu dopravcovi tam, kde si \u017eel\u00e1 (n\u00e1morn\u00fd pr\u00edstav, \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00fd termin\u00e1l, leteck\u00fd n\u00e1kladn\u00fd termin\u00e1l alebo cestn\u00e1 doprava vo vlastn\u00fdch priestoroch).<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Pred\u00e1vaj\u00faca strana, ktor\u00e1 je zodpovedn\u00e1 za hlavn\u00fa prepravu, je povinn\u00e1 poskytn\u00fa\u0165 kupuj\u00facej strane konosament, ak sa vyu\u017e\u00edva n\u00e1morn\u00e1 doprava, alebo n\u00e1kladn\u00fd list, ak sa vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa in\u00e9 druhy dopravy.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><strong>K\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 atrib\u00faty CPT<\/strong>:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Miesto dodania<\/strong>: Pod\u013ea pravidla CPT sa tovar pova\u017euje za dodan\u00fd hne\u010f, ako ho pred\u00e1vaj\u00faca strana vyd\u00e1 prepravnej spolo\u010dnosti, ktor\u00fa si objednala a zaplatila za\u0148;<\/li><li><strong>Miesto prevodu riz\u00edk<\/strong>: Rizik\u00e1 sa pren\u00e1\u0161aj\u00fa aj v okamihu, ke\u010f sa tovar prevezme ako dodan\u00fd (prech\u00e1dza z pred\u00e1vaj\u00facej strany na zamestnan\u00e9ho dopravcu);<\/li><li><strong>Sp\u00f4soby dopravy<\/strong>: Pravidlo CPT umo\u017e\u0148uje multimod\u00e1lnu prepravu pre obe strany (n\u00e1morn\u00fa, \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00fa, cestn\u00fa alebo leteck\u00fa) - \u010di u\u017e ide o dopravcu najat\u00e9ho pred\u00e1vaj\u00facou stranou, ktor\u00fd prepravuje tovar do ur\u010den\u00e9ho miesta ur\u010denia, alebo o dopravu najat\u00fa kupuj\u00facou stranou, ak tovar potrebuje cestova\u0165 \u010falej do priestorov kupuj\u00faceho;<\/li><li><strong>Coln\u00e9 konanie<\/strong>: Ke\u010f\u017ee k prevodu riz\u00edk doch\u00e1dza e\u0161te v krajine p\u00f4vodu, pred\u00e1vaj\u00faca strana je zodpovedn\u00e1 za zabezpe\u010denie coln\u00e9ho konania pri v\u00fdvoze. Zvy\u0161n\u00e9 povinnosti t\u00fdkaj\u00face sa tranzitn\u00fdch postupov a dovozn\u00e9ho coln\u00e9ho konania st\u00e1le nesie kupuj\u00faca strana;<\/li><li><strong>Poistenie prepravy<\/strong>: Pravidlo CPT nie je z\u00e1v\u00e4zn\u00e9, pokia\u013e ide o vo\u013ebu poistenia prepravy tovaru, \u010di u\u017e je to z\u00e1ujem pred\u00e1vaj\u00faceho alebo kupuj\u00faceho, aby si poistil tovar. Kupuj\u00faci m\u00f4\u017ee zv\u00e1\u017ei\u0165 vo\u013ebu poistenia, ke\u010f\u017ee k prenosu riz\u00edk pri tomto pravidle zvy\u010dajne doch\u00e1dza v po\u010diato\u010dn\u00fdch f\u00e1zach logistick\u00e9ho re\u0165azca.<\/li><\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Osved\u010den\u00e9 postupy pre CPT (Carriage Paid to)<\/h4>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Pravidlo CPT je vhodnej\u0161ie na zaobch\u00e1dzanie s kontajnerov\u00fdm n\u00e1kladom ako pravidl\u00e1 CFR alebo CIF, preto\u017ee s\u00fa vhodn\u00e9 len na n\u00e1morn\u00fa prepravu tovaru. Ak sa n\u00e1klad mus\u00ed prepravova\u0165 po s\u00fa\u0161i, pravidlo CPT umo\u017en\u00ed pozemn\u00fa prepravu, ako s\u00fa \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00e9 alebo cestn\u00e9 vozidl\u00e1 a leteck\u00e9 vozne.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Okrem toho toto pravidlo dobre funguje pri v\u0161etk\u00fdch druhoch kontajnerov\u00e9ho n\u00e1kladu, \u010di u\u017e ide o LCL (break-bulk) n\u00e1klad alebo FCL (full load) n\u00e1klad.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"CIP\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"8_CIP_Carriage_and_Insurance_Paid_to\"><\/span>8. CIP (Carriage and Insurance Paid to)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Pravidlo CIP (Carriage and Insurance Paid to) je v podstate poistn\u00fdm roz\u0161\u00edren\u00edm pravidla CPT Incoterms\u00ae. V\u0161etky povinnosti a zodpovednosti pre kupuj\u00facu a pred\u00e1vaj\u00facu stranu zost\u00e1vaj\u00fa rovnak\u00e9 ako v pravidle CPT, s v\u00fdnimkou toho, \u017ee pravidlo CIP uklad\u00e1 pred\u00e1vaj\u00facej strane povinnos\u0165 uzavrie\u0165 poistenie prepravy.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Okrem prepravy tovaru z vlastn\u00fdch priestorov do miesta ur\u010denia ur\u010den\u00e9ho kupuj\u00facim je pred\u00e1vaj\u00faca strana pod\u013ea pravidla CIP povinn\u00e1 zabezpe\u010di\u0165 poistenie prepravy na cel\u00fa cestu, ktor\u00fa zah\u0155\u0148a jej prepravn\u00e1 zmluva.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Toto posledn\u00e9 pravidlo C Incoterms\u00ae sa vz\u0165ahuje na v\u0161etky druhy dopravy a je ve\u013emi v\u00fdhodn\u00e9 pre kupuj\u00faceho, preto\u017ee m\u00e1 men\u0161ie n\u00e1klady na prepravu tovaru na po\u017eadovan\u00e9 miesto ur\u010denia a m\u00f4\u017ee vyu\u017e\u00edva\u0165 ochranu, ktor\u00fa mu umo\u017e\u0148uje poistn\u00e1 zmluva kryt\u00e1 pred\u00e1vaj\u00facim.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Ostatn\u00e9 povinnosti vypl\u00fdvaj\u00face z pou\u017eitia pravidla CIP t\u00fdkaj\u00faceho sa prevodu riz\u00edk, miesta dodania a coln\u00e9ho odbavenia s\u00fa rovnak\u00e9 ako pri v\u0161etk\u00fdch ostatn\u00fdch pravidl\u00e1ch C v tejto skupine.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><strong>K\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 atrib\u00faty CIP<\/strong>:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Miesto dodania<\/strong>: Rovnak\u00e9 pravidlo ako pravidlo CPT - tovar sa pova\u017euje za dodan\u00fd hne\u010f, ako ho pred\u00e1vaj\u00faca strana d\u00e1 k dispoz\u00edcii prepravnej spolo\u010dnosti, ktor\u00fa si najala;<\/li><li><strong>Miesto prevodu riz\u00edk<\/strong>: K prechodu riz\u00edk spojen\u00fdch s tovarom doch\u00e1dza v rovnakom \u010dase, ke\u010f sa jeho dod\u00e1vka pova\u017euje za ukon\u010den\u00fa (hne\u010f ako pred\u00e1vaj\u00faca strana odovzd\u00e1 tovar zamestnan\u00e9mu dopravcovi);<\/li><li><strong>Sp\u00f4soby dopravy<\/strong>: V\u0161etky mo\u017enosti, ktor\u00e9 tvoria multimod\u00e1lny druh dopravy, s\u00fa dostupn\u00e9 prostredn\u00edctvom pravidla CIP (\u017eelezni\u010dn\u00e1, cestn\u00e1, n\u00e1morn\u00e1 a leteck\u00e1 doprava). Napr\u00edklad pred\u00e1vaj\u00faca strana si m\u00f4\u017ee naja\u0165 dopravcu, ktor\u00fd pou\u017eije n\u00e1kladn\u00e9 auto a lo\u010f na prepravu tovaru do krajiny ur\u010denia, kde kupuj\u00faca strana pou\u017eije \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00e9 voz\u00edky a dod\u00e1vky na doru\u010denie tovaru do svojho skladu;<\/li><li><strong>Coln\u00e9 konanie<\/strong>: Rovnako ako v\u0161etky pravidl\u00e1 E, F a C, aj pravidl\u00e1 CIP vy\u017eaduj\u00fa, aby pred\u00e1vaj\u00faca strana absolvovala v\u0161etky coln\u00e9 konania pri v\u00fdvoze tovaru a poskytla dokument\u00e1ciu kupuj\u00facej strane, aby mohla uhradi\u0165 n\u00e1klady na tranzitn\u00e9 postupy (ak sa tovar prepravuje cez in\u00e9 krajiny alebo hospod\u00e1rske z\u00f3ny) a dovozn\u00e9 clo po pr\u00edchode tovaru do krajiny ur\u010denia;<\/li><li><strong>Poistenie prepravy<\/strong>: Lond\u00fdnsky in\u0161tit\u00fat pre poistenie vo svojom In\u0161tit\u00fate n\u00e1kladn\u00fdch dolo\u017eiek (ICC) uv\u00e1dza, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00e9 pravidlo Incoterms\u00ae, ktor\u00e9 posil\u0148uje z\u00edskanie poistnej zmluvy na prepravu pri predaji tovaru, mus\u00ed od pred\u00e1vaj\u00facej strany vy\u017eadova\u0165, aby sa rozhodla pre poistenie prepravy, ktor\u00e9 pokr\u00fdva minim\u00e1lne 110% ceny zaplatenej kupuj\u00facou stranou za predaj tovaru. Okrem pravidla CIF je pravidlo CIP druh\u00fdm a posledn\u00fdm z pravidiel Incoterms\u00ae , ktor\u00e9 pon\u00faka t\u00fato v\u00fdhodu.<\/li><\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Osved\u010den\u00e9 postupy pre CIP (Carriage and Insurance Paid to)<\/h4>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Pravidlo CIP sa \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edva kv\u00f4li flexibilite a v\u00fdhod\u00e1m, ktor\u00e9 prin\u00e1\u0161a kupuj\u00facej strane. Vy\u017eaduje, aby pred\u00e1vaj\u00faca strana poistila prepravu tovaru do miesta ur\u010denia, ktor\u00e9 ur\u010d\u00ed kupuj\u00faci.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Pod\u013ea pravidla CIP s\u00fa obom stran\u00e1m k dispoz\u00edcii v\u0161etky druhy dopravy a z tohto d\u00f4vodu sa preprava tovaru v kontajneroch podporuje viac ako ostatn\u00e9 pravidl\u00e1 C. N\u00e1klady na prepravu tie\u017e hrad\u00ed pred\u00e1vaj\u00faci.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"DAP\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"9_DAP_Delivered_at_Place\"><\/span>9. DAP (dodan\u00e9 na miesto)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>V\u0161etky pravidl\u00e1 uveden\u00e9 v D Incoterms\u00ae s\u00fa vhodn\u00e9 na pou\u017eitie ak\u00e9hoko\u013evek druhu dopravy alebo kombin\u00e1cie r\u00f4znych druhov dopravy (multimod\u00e1lna doprava) tovaru, ktor\u00fd je predmetom predaja. Presadzuj\u00fa tie\u017e najvy\u0161\u0161iu zodpovednos\u0165 pred\u00e1vaj\u00facej strany, pokia\u013e ide o rizik\u00e1 a n\u00e1klady na dodanie tovaru.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Pravidlo DAP (Delivered at Place) je prv\u00fdm pravidlom v tejto skupine, ktor\u00e9 sa zameriava na regul\u00e1ciu dodania tovaru do miesta ur\u010denia, ktor\u00e9 si zvolila kupuj\u00faca spolo\u010dnos\u0165. Je to z\u00e1rove\u0148 prv\u00e9 pravidlo, ktor\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uje dodanie tovaru mimo krajiny p\u00f4vodu.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Pri pravidle DAP je pred\u00e1vaj\u00faca strana zodpovedn\u00e1 aj za zn\u00e1\u0161anie riz\u00edk a n\u00e1kladov na prepravu tovaru v ka\u017edej f\u00e1ze hlavnej prepravy. Na porovnanie, pravidl\u00e1 v skupin\u00e1ch E, F a C Incoterms\u00ae umo\u017e\u0148ovali, aby pred\u00e1vaj\u00faca spolo\u010dnos\u0165 dodala tovar a previedla jeho rizik\u00e1 v krajine p\u00f4vodu.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Jedin\u00e1 f\u00e1za prepravy, ktor\u00fa pred\u00e1vaj\u00faca strana nie je povinn\u00e1 vykona\u0165 pod\u013ea pravidla DAP, je kone\u010dn\u00fd postup vykl\u00e1dky. Toto pravidlo umo\u017e\u0148uje pred\u00e1vaj\u00facemu doda\u0165 tovar do miesta kone\u010dn\u00e9ho ur\u010denia v bezchybnom stave a spr\u00edstupni\u0165 ho kupuj\u00facemu. Ten m\u00f4\u017ee zmluvne zabezpe\u010di\u0165 vylo\u017eenie tovaru v pr\u00edstave\/\u017eelezni\u010dnom depe\/leteckom termin\u00e1li miesta ur\u010denia alebo ho m\u00f4\u017ee vykona\u0165 s\u00e1m vo vlastn\u00fdch priestoroch.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><strong>K\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 vlastnosti DAP<\/strong>:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Miesto dodania<\/strong>: Zvy\u010dajne v krajine ur\u010denia na ur\u010denom mieste dodania, ktor\u00e9 ur\u010d\u00ed kupuj\u00faca strana. Vzh\u013eadom na druhy dopravy to m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 hlavn\u00fd vstupn\u00fd pr\u00edstav alebo termin\u00e1l alebo priestory kupuj\u00facej strany;<\/li><li><strong>Miesto prevodu riz\u00edk<\/strong>: Rovnak\u00e9 ako miesto dodania - rizik\u00e1 nesie pred\u00e1vaj\u00faca strana po\u010das celej doby trvania hlavnej prepravy a prech\u00e1dzaj\u00fa na kupuj\u00facu stranu v ur\u010denom mieste ur\u010denia pred vylo\u017een\u00edm tovaru z prenajat\u00e9ho dopravn\u00e9ho prostriedku;<\/li><li><strong>Sp\u00f4soby dopravy<\/strong>: Pravidlo DAP umo\u017e\u0148uje multimod\u00e1lnu prepravu (cestn\u00fa, \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00fa, n\u00e1morn\u00fa alebo leteck\u00fa) pre obe strany - av\u0161ak dopravca najat\u00fd na vykonanie hlavnej prepravy z krajiny p\u00f4vodu do krajiny ur\u010denia je povinnos\u0165ou pred\u00e1vaj\u00facej strany a hrad\u00ed n\u00e1klady na tento \u00fasek;<\/li><li><strong>Coln\u00e9 konanie<\/strong>: Pod\u013ea tohto pravidla je be\u017enou praxou, \u017ee pred\u00e1vaj\u00faca strana je zodpovedn\u00e1 za v\u00fdvozn\u00e9 coln\u00e9 konanie a kupuj\u00faca strana hrad\u00ed n\u00e1klady na dovozn\u00e9 coln\u00e9 konanie, ak je to potrebn\u00e9;<\/li><li><strong>Poistenie prepravy<\/strong>: Zna\u010dn\u00e1 \u010das\u0165 riz\u00edk pod\u013ea pravidla DAP pripad\u00e1 na pred\u00e1vaj\u00facu stranu, tak\u017ee je na nej, aby sa rozhodla, \u010di chce tovar poisti\u0165 proti po\u0161kodeniu alebo strate po\u010das prepravy. Tak ako pri v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ine pravidiel Incoterms\u00ae , ani pravidlo DAP nen\u00fati pred\u00e1vaj\u00facu ani kupuj\u00facu stranu, aby si zabezpe\u010dila poistenie prepravy.<\/li><\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Osved\u010den\u00e9 postupy pre DAP (poskytovan\u00e9 na mieste)<\/h4>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Skupina pravidiel D je pre kupuj\u00facich ve\u013emi v\u00fdhodn\u00e1, preto\u017ee tieto pravidl\u00e1 poskytuj\u00fa bezpe\u010dnos\u0165, ktor\u00e1 pravidl\u00e1m ostatn\u00fdch skup\u00edn ch\u00fdba. Pod\u013ea pravidla DAP mus\u00ed pred\u00e1vaj\u00faca strana zabezpe\u010di\u0165, aby bol tovar dodan\u00fd v bezchybnom stave a\u017e do miesta ur\u010denia.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Pravidlo DAP je vhodn\u00e9 najm\u00e4 pre cestn\u00fa dopravu, ke\u010f sa tovar dod\u00e1va prostredn\u00edctvom celovozov\u00fdch alebo kusov\u00fdch z\u00e1sielok, pri ktor\u00fdch sa nevy\u017eaduje dovozn\u00e9 coln\u00e9 konanie.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Obchodn\u00edci v hospod\u00e1rskych z\u00f3nach, ako je Eur\u00f3pska \u00fania alebo Juhoafrick\u00e9 rozvojov\u00e9 spolo\u010denstvo, m\u00f4\u017eu ma\u0165 z tohto pravidla prospech, preto\u017ee dod\u00e1vky tovaru sa m\u00f4\u017eu uskuto\u010d\u0148ova\u0165 bez coln\u00e9ho konania.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"DPU\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"10_DPU_Delivered_at_Place_Unloaded\"><\/span>10. DPU (dodan\u00e9 na miesto vykl\u00e1dky)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Pravidlo DPU Incoterms\u00ae (Delivered at Place Unloaded - dodan\u00e9 na miesto vylo\u017eenia), ktor\u00e9 zah\u0155\u0148a \u010fal\u0161iu v\u00fdhodu pre kupuj\u00facu stranu, roz\u0161iruje povinnosti pred\u00e1vaj\u00facej strany a vy\u017eaduje od nej, aby tovar vylo\u017eila po tom, ako dosiahne svoje kone\u010dn\u00e9 miesto ur\u010denia.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Aj v tomto pr\u00edpade si prepravcu naj\u00edma pred\u00e1vaj\u00faci a zn\u00e1\u0161a v\u0161etky n\u00e1klady a rizik\u00e1 spojen\u00e9 s prepravou tovaru a\u017e do miesta ur\u010denia, ktor\u00e9 ur\u010d\u00ed kupuj\u00faci.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Pravidlo DUP, podobne ako pravidlo DAP, umo\u017e\u0148uje v\u0161etky druhy dopravy, a preto umo\u017e\u0148uje dodanie tovaru \u010faleko za pr\u00edstav\/koniec ur\u010denia. Mo\u017enos\u0165ami dodania tovaru m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 bu\u010f n\u00e1morn\u00fd pr\u00edstav alebo in\u00fd termin\u00e1l v krajine ur\u010denia, sklad coln\u00fdch slu\u017eieb, sklad alebo skladovacie stredisko kupuj\u00faceho, alebo dodanie priamo do domu.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Hne\u010f ako pred\u00e1vaj\u00facim najat\u00fd dopravca vylo\u017e\u00ed tovar, m\u00f4\u017ee kupuj\u00faca strana pokra\u010dova\u0165 v ostatn\u00fdch postupoch logistick\u00e9ho re\u0165azca (dovozn\u00e9 coln\u00e9 konanie, \u010fal\u0161ia preprava, skladovanie at\u010f.)<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><strong>K\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 atrib\u00faty DPU<\/strong>:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Miesto dodania<\/strong>: M\u00f4\u017ee to by\u0165 kdeko\u013evek, kde sa kupuj\u00faca strana dohodne na dodan\u00ed tovaru - bu\u010f vo vstupnom n\u00e1mornom pr\u00edstave alebo na \u017eelezni\u010dnom\/leteckom termin\u00e1li v krajine ur\u010denia, v sklade coln\u00e9ho \u00faradu alebo vo vlastn\u00fdch priestoroch kupuj\u00faceho. Po vylo\u017een\u00ed tovaru z prepravovan\u00e9ho, o ktor\u00e9 sa postarala pred\u00e1vaj\u00faca strana, sa tovar pova\u017euje za dodan\u00fd;<\/li><li><strong>Miesto prevodu riz\u00edk<\/strong>: Rizik\u00e1 spojen\u00e9 s dodan\u00edm tovaru nesie pred\u00e1vaj\u00faca strana a\u017e do jeho vylo\u017eenia z posledn\u00e9ho voz\u0148a hlavnej prepravnej etapy. K prechodu riz\u00edk doch\u00e1dza s\u00fa\u010dasne s dodan\u00edm tovaru;<\/li><li><strong>Sp\u00f4soby dopravy<\/strong>: Pravidlo DPU umo\u017e\u0148uje, aby strany, ktor\u00e9 uzavr\u00fa medzin\u00e1rodn\u00fa k\u00fapnu zmluvu, vyu\u017e\u00edvali v\u0161etky druhy cestnej, \u017eelezni\u010dnej, n\u00e1mornej alebo leteckej dopravy (multimod\u00e1lna doprava);<\/li><li><strong>Coln\u00e9 konanie<\/strong>: Pod\u013ea pravidla DPU sa o v\u00fdvozn\u00e9 coln\u00e9 konanie star\u00e1 pred\u00e1vaj\u00faca strana a za dovozn\u00e9 coln\u00e9 konanie je st\u00e1le zodpovedn\u00e1 kupuj\u00faca strana, aj ke\u010f tovar m\u00f4\u017ee pokra\u010dova\u0165 v pohybe za t\u00fdmto bodom na n\u00e1klady pred\u00e1vaj\u00faceho;<\/li><li><strong>Poistenie prepravy<\/strong>: Toto pravidlo neuklad\u00e1 obmedzenia ani v s\u00favislosti s poisten\u00edm prepravy. Stranou, ktor\u00e1 by mala prospech zo z\u00edskania poistenia prepravy pri dodan\u00ed tovaru, by bol pred\u00e1vaj\u00faci, ke\u010f\u017ee je povinn\u00fd zn\u00e1\u0161a\u0165 n\u00e1klady a rizik\u00e1 celej prepravy tovaru.<\/li><\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Osved\u010den\u00e9 postupy pre DPU (dodan\u00e9 na miesto vylo\u017eenia)<\/h4>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Zabezpe\u010denie toho, aby bol tovar dodan\u00fd a vylo\u017een\u00fd v riadnom stave, je hlavnou povinnos\u0165ou pred\u00e1vaj\u00facej strany pod\u013ea pravidla DPU Incoterms\u00ae.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>V tejto s\u00favislosti, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Nations_Convention_on_Contracts_for_the_International_Sale_of_Goods\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Zmluvy o medzin\u00e1rodnej k\u00fape tovaru<\/a> zmluva pod\u013ea z\u00e1kona o predaji tovaru m\u00f4\u017ee poskytn\u00fa\u0165 ur\u010dit\u00fa \u00fa\u013eavu pred\u00e1vaj\u00facej strane v nepredv\u00eddan\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch, ke\u010f je tovar dodan\u00fd riadne.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"DDP\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"11_DDP_Delivered_Duty_Paid\"><\/span>11. DDP (dodan\u00e9 clo zaplaten\u00e9)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Posledn\u00fdm pravidlom Incoterms\u00ae je pravidlo DDP (Delivered Duty Paid) - pravdepodobne najv\u00fdhodnej\u0161ie pravidlo pre kupuj\u00facu stranu.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Toto pravidlo m\u00e1 v\u0161etky znaky ostatn\u00fdch dvoch pravidiel D - zav\u00e4zuje pred\u00e1vaj\u00faceho, aby si najal prepravn\u00fa spolo\u010dnos\u0165, ktor\u00e1 dod\u00e1 tovar na ur\u010den\u00e9 miesto ur\u010denia, pokryje n\u00e1klady a rizik\u00e1 po\u010das trvania cesty dodania a zabezpe\u010d\u00ed, aby bol tovar riadne dodan\u00fd na miesto ur\u010denia.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Okrem toho pravidlo DDP vy\u017eaduje, aby pred\u00e1vaj\u00faca strana uhradila n\u00e1klady na v\u00fdvozn\u00e9 aj dovozn\u00e9 coln\u00e9 konanie a v pr\u00edpade potreby aj na ka\u017ed\u00e9 tranzitn\u00e9 konanie.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\u010eal\u0161\u00edm rozdielom oproti pravidlu DPU je, \u017ee pred\u00e1vaj\u00faca strana nemus\u00ed uzavrie\u0165 zmluvu s dopravcom na vylo\u017eenie tovaru v mieste kone\u010dn\u00e9ho ur\u010denia, \u010do nebol pr\u00edpad pravidla DAP.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Tovar pred\u00e1van\u00fd pod\u013ea pravidla DPU sa m\u00f4\u017ee dod\u00e1va\u0165 ak\u00fdmko\u013evek sp\u00f4sobom dopravy vr\u00e1tane kontajnerov\u00e9ho n\u00e1kladu, ktor\u00fd sa prepravuje n\u00e1kladnou, \u017eelezni\u010dnou alebo cestnou dopravou.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><strong>K\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 vlastnosti DDP<\/strong>:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Miesto dodania<\/strong>: Rovnako ako pri v\u0161etk\u00fdch pravidl\u00e1ch D (DAP a DPU) sa tovar prepravovan\u00fd pod\u013ea pravidla DPU dod\u00e1va na miesto ur\u010denia ur\u010den\u00e9 kupuj\u00facou stranou v krajine ur\u010denia (bu\u010f vo vstupnom pr\u00edstave alebo termin\u00e1li, alebo mimo neho na ur\u010den\u00e9 miesto, ktor\u00fdm m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 sklad kupuj\u00faceho, tov\u00e1re\u0148, sklad, distribu\u010dn\u00e1 platforma at\u010f.);<\/li><li><strong>Miesto prevodu riz\u00edk<\/strong>: Prechod riz\u00edk pod\u013ea pravidla DDP sa uskuto\u010d\u0148uje ako pri v\u0161etk\u00fdch ostatn\u00fdch Incoterms\u00ae - v mieste dodania. Hne\u010f ako sa tovar dostane do miesta ur\u010denia (a je k dispoz\u00edcii kupuj\u00facemu), ktor\u00e9 si kupuj\u00faca strana zvolila po\u010das pr\u00edpravy k\u00fapnej zmluvy, rizik\u00e1 sa pova\u017euj\u00fa za prenesen\u00e9 z pred\u00e1vaj\u00faceho na kupuj\u00faceho;<\/li><li><strong>Sp\u00f4soby dopravy<\/strong>: Pravidlo DDP umo\u017e\u0148uje, aby multimod\u00e1lna doprava (\u017eelezni\u010dn\u00e1, cestn\u00e1, n\u00e1morn\u00e1 alebo leteck\u00e1) bola dostupnou mo\u017enos\u0165ou pre dve strany z\u00fa\u010dastnen\u00e9 na k\u00fapnej zmluve. Pred\u00e1vaj\u00faca strana zn\u00e1\u0161a v\u0161etky n\u00e1klady a rizik\u00e1 po\u010diato\u010dnej, hlavnej a kone\u010dnej prepravy tovaru, pokia\u013e neexistuje po\u017eiadavka kupuj\u00facej strany, \u017ee dokon\u010d\u00ed prepravu tovaru po jeho pr\u00edchode do pr\u00edstavu alebo termin\u00e1lu ur\u010denia;<\/li><li><strong>Coln\u00e9 konanie<\/strong>: Tu sa pravidlo DDP skuto\u010dne prejavuje - v\u00fdvozn\u00e9 coln\u00e9 konanie, dovozn\u00e9 coln\u00e9 konanie a pr\u00edpadn\u00e9 tranzitn\u00e9 konanie hrad\u00ed pred\u00e1vaj\u00faca strana;<\/li><li><strong>Poistenie prepravy<\/strong>: Pred\u00e1vaj\u00faci ani kupuj\u00faci sa nemusia rozhodn\u00fa\u0165 pre poistenie prepravy. Pred\u00e1vaj\u00facemu sa v\u0161ak d\u00f4razne odpor\u00fa\u010da, aby zv\u00e1\u017eil uzavretie poistenia prepravy, ke\u010f\u017ee v\u0161etky rizik\u00e1 spojen\u00e9 s doru\u010den\u00edm tovaru spadaj\u00fa v\u00fdlu\u010dne pod jeho doh\u013ead.<\/li><\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Osved\u010den\u00e9 postupy pre DDP (dodan\u00e9 clo zaplaten\u00e9)<\/h4>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Ak pravidlo EXW (Ex Works) Incoterms\u00ae ukladalo pred\u00e1vaj\u00facej strane minim\u00e1lne povinnosti a za\u0165a\u017eovalo kupuj\u00facu stranu v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou riz\u00edk a n\u00e1kladov medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e9ho obchodn\u00e9ho predaja tovaru, pravidlo DPU presadzuje prav\u00fd opak.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Pred\u00e1vaj\u00faca strana nesie maxim\u00e1lnu zodpovednos\u0165, ktor\u00e1 siaha od balenia a ozna\u010dovania tovaru, \u00fahrady v\u00fdvozn\u00fdch coln\u00fdch formal\u00edt a prepravy tovaru hlavn\u00e9mu dopravcovi a\u017e po \u00fahradu n\u00e1kladov a riz\u00edk spojen\u00fdch s hlavnou prepravou, dodan\u00edm tovaru do miesta ur\u010denia a \u00fahradou n\u00e1kladov na dovozn\u00e9 coln\u00e9 konanie.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion\"><\/span>Z\u00e1ver<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Je \u010das ukon\u010di\u0165 na\u0161u rozsiahlu pr\u00edru\u010dku o pravidl\u00e1ch Incoterms\u00ae 2020 v roku 2022.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>T\u00e1to pr\u00edru\u010dka vysvet\u013euje, ak\u00e9 d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 s\u00fa tieto pravidl\u00e1 pri u\u013eah\u010dovan\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce medzi pred\u00e1vaj\u00facimi a kupuj\u00facimi stranami v sektore medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e9ho obchodu. Upravuj\u00fa, kto zn\u00e1\u0161a n\u00e1klady a rizik\u00e1 spojen\u00e9 s dodan\u00edm tovaru, ktor\u00fd je predmetom predaja, v ka\u017edej f\u00e1ze logistick\u00e9ho re\u0165azca.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Videli sme tie\u017e, \u017ee t\u00fdchto 11 pravidiel je rozdelen\u00fdch najm\u00e4 pod\u013ea druhu dopravy, ktor\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa pou\u017ei\u0165, alebo pod\u013ea miesta dodania tovaru. Pod\u013ea t\u00fdchto krit\u00e9ri\u00ed pravidl\u00e1 Incoterms\u00ae umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa bu\u010f multimod\u00e1lnu prepravu (ak\u00fdko\u013evek druh n\u00e1mornej, pozemnej alebo leteckej dopravy), alebo pou\u017eitie len n\u00e1mornej a vn\u00fatrozemskej vodnej dopravy. Aj miesto dodania tovaru rozde\u013euje tieto pravidl\u00e1 do \u0161tvorp\u00edsmenov\u00fdch skup\u00edn - skupiny E, F, C a D.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Celkovo by mala by\u0165 ka\u017ed\u00e9mu, kto sa pohybuje v oblasti medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e9ho obchodu, jasn\u00e1 jedna z\u00e1sadn\u00e1 vec t\u00fdkaj\u00faca sa pravidiel Incoterms\u00ae: Pravidl\u00e1 pom\u00e1haj\u00fa upravi\u0165 povinnosti ka\u017edej strany z\u00fa\u010dastnenej na medzin\u00e1rodnej k\u00fapnej zmluve. Netvoria cel\u00fa zmluvu a mali by sa vypracova\u0165 \u010fal\u0161ie dohody, ktor\u00e9 by pokr\u00fdvali viac povinnost\u00ed a z\u00e1v\u00e4zkov.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"FAQ\"><\/span>F.A.Q.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Mus\u00edm pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 najnov\u0161iu verziu Incoterms\u00ae (2020) namiesto predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facich verzi\u00ed, napr\u00edklad Incoterms\u00ae 2010?<\/h4>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Nie. M\u00f4\u017eete uvies\u0165, ktor\u00fa verziu pravidiel Incoterms\u00ae chcete pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 v medzin\u00e1rodnej k\u00fapnej zmluve, a to tak, \u017ee sa p\u00edsomne dohodnete a uvediete rok verzie, ktor\u00e1 sa bude pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ako pravidl\u00e1 Incoterms\u00ae u\u013eah\u010duj\u00fa medzin\u00e1rodn\u00fd obchod?<\/h4>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>V obrovskom mno\u017estve obchodn\u00fdch zml\u00fav sa pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa pravidl\u00e1 Incoterms\u00ae, aby sa jasne stanovilo, ktor\u00e1 strana (pred\u00e1vaj\u00faci alebo kupuj\u00faci) je zodpovedn\u00e1 za mnoh\u00e9 povinnosti, ktor\u00e9 m\u00e1 po\u010das trvania logistick\u00e9ho procesu. Stoj\u00ed za zmienku, \u017ee o t\u00fdchto pravidl\u00e1ch sa d\u00e1 rokova\u0165, tak\u017ee strany o nich m\u00f4\u017eu diskutova\u0165 predt\u00fdm, ako sa dohodn\u00fa na ich pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00ed.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ak\u00e9 s\u00fa v\u00fdhody a nev\u00fdhody pou\u017e\u00edvania pravidiel Incoterms\u00ae 2020 v medzin\u00e1rodnom obchode?<\/h4>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Pravidl\u00e1 Incoterms\u00ae 2020 s\u00fa \u00fa\u017easn\u00fdm pr\u00ednosom pre medzin\u00e1rodn\u00fd obchod, preto\u017ee dok\u00e1\u017eu \u0161tandardizova\u0165 zlo\u017eit\u00e9 procesy, ktor\u00e9 prebiehaj\u00fa v oblasti dopravy a logistiky v medzin\u00e1rodn\u00fdch k\u00fapnych zmluv\u00e1ch. S\u00fa \u013eahko zrozumite\u013en\u00e9, celosvetovo uzn\u00e1van\u00e9 a riadi a aktualizuje ich Medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e1 obchodn\u00e1 komora (ICC).<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Medzi ich nev\u00fdhody patr\u00ed vystavenie sa v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edm rizik\u00e1m a n\u00e1kladom pre jednu zo z\u00fa\u010dastnen\u00fdch str\u00e1n, \u010do m\u00f4\u017ee vies\u0165 k nezhod\u00e1m. Dokonca aj po\u010das procesu v\u00fdberu sa m\u00f4\u017ee sta\u0165, \u017ee kupuj\u00faca a pred\u00e1vaj\u00faca strana sa nezhodn\u00fa na tom, ktor\u00e9 pravidlo pou\u017ei\u0165 v z\u00e1vislosti od v\u00fdhod, ktor\u00e9 im prin\u00e1\u0161a.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ak\u00fd je vzorec na implement\u00e1ciu pravidla Incoterms\u00ae do k\u00fapnej zmluvy a dokladov o predaji?<\/h4>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Najprv je potrebn\u00e9 uvies\u0165 vybran\u00e9 pravidlo Incoterms\u00ae, za ktor\u00fdm nasleduje n\u00e1zov miesta ur\u010denia, v\u00fdraz \"Incoterms\u00ae\" a rok verzie, ktor\u00e1 sa pou\u017eije.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Napr\u00edklad: DAP Port of Rotterdam Incoterms\u00ae 2020.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Exchanging goods, services, and finances is one of the oldest practices of modern civilization. It is also one of the main drivers of its growth, development, and advancement. International trade has shaped the world since ancient times and it\u2019s still responsible for the directions societies take to enhance their position in the global economic market. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":3765,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":{"0":"post-3766","1":"page","2":"type-page","3":"status-publish","4":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"entry"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3766","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3766"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3766\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18594,"href":"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3766\/revisions\/18594"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3765"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3766"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}