{"id":3766,"date":"2022-03-14T19:03:44","date_gmt":"2022-03-14T19:03:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/?page_id=3766"},"modified":"2026-01-08T13:55:08","modified_gmt":"2026-01-08T13:55:08","slug":"incoterms-2020-guide","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/lv\/incoterms-2020-guide\/","title":{"rendered":"Incoterms\u00ae 2020 rokasgr\u0101mata 2026. gad\u0101"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"889\" height=\"667\" src=\"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/incoterms-guide.png\" alt=\"Incoterms 2020 ce\u013cvedis ar konteinerku\u0123i j\u016br\u0101\" class=\"wp-image-3765\" srcset=\"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/incoterms-guide.png 889w, https:\/\/moverdb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/incoterms-guide-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/moverdb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/incoterms-guide-600x450.png 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 889px) 100vw, 889px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Pre\u010du, pakalpojumu un finan\u0161u apmai\u0146a ir viena no sen\u0101kaj\u0101m m\u016bsdienu civiliz\u0101cijas praks\u0113m. T\u0101 ir ar\u012b viens no galvenajiem t\u0101s izaugsmes, att\u012bst\u012bbas un progresa virz\u012bt\u0101jsp\u0113kiem. Starptautisk\u0101 tirdzniec\u012bba ir veidojusi pasauli jau kop\u0161 seniem laikiem, un t\u0101 joproj\u0101m ir atbild\u012bga par virzieniem, k\u0101dos sabiedr\u012bbas nostiprina savas poz\u012bcijas glob\u0101laj\u0101 ekonomikas tirg\u016b.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Kop\u0161 20. gadsimta 70. gadiem ir strauji, bet stabili palielin\u0101jies starptautiska rakstura dar\u012bjumu skaits. Tehnolo\u0123iju att\u012bst\u012bba, lo\u0123istikas infrastrukt\u016bra un automatiz\u0101cija veicin\u0101ja \u0101tr\u0101ku un uzticam\u0101ku transport\u0113\u0161anu un uzglab\u0101\u0161anu pa sauszemi, j\u016bru un gaisu, t\u0101p\u0113c tirgoto pre\u010du apgroz\u012bjums ir desmit reizes liel\u0101ks nek\u0101 pirms piecdesmit gadiem.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Att\u012bstoties m\u016bsu soci\u0101lekonomiskaj\u0101m sist\u0113m\u0101m, strauji pieauga nepiecie\u0161am\u012bba regul\u0113t starptautisko tirdzniec\u012bbu. T\u0101p\u0113c 20. gadsimta s\u0101kum\u0101 tika izveidota <strong>Incoterms\u00ae noteikumi<\/strong> tika izveidotas. Tas iez\u012bm\u0113ja augst\u0101ku uztic\u012bbas standartu att\u012bst\u012bbas s\u0101kumu starp da\u017e\u0101d\u0101m valst\u012bm un ekonomiskaj\u0101m zon\u0101m.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\u0160aj\u0101 Incoterms 2020 rokasgr\u0101mat\u0101 m\u0113s apl\u016bkosim visu, kas ietverts \u0161aj\u0101 noteikumu kopum\u0101, un visas deta\u013cas, kas ietekm\u0113 gan p\u0101rdodo\u0161o, gan p\u0113rkojo\u0161o pusi no ab\u0101m starptautisk\u0101 pirkuma l\u012bguma pus\u0113m.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 ez-toc-wrap-left counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-transparent ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Sada\u013cas<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"P\u0101rsl\u0113gt satura tabulu\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">P\u0101rsl\u0113gt<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseprofile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/lv\/incoterms-2020-guide\/#The_Need_for_Establishing_International_Trade_Rules\" >Nepiecie\u0161am\u012bba izstr\u0101d\u0101t starptautisk\u0101s tirdzniec\u012bbas noteikumus<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/lv\/incoterms-2020-guide\/#The_Foundation_of_Incoterms%C2%AE\" >Incoterms\u00ae pamats<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/lv\/incoterms-2020-guide\/#What_Are_the_Incoterms%C2%AE_Rules\" >K\u0101di ir Incoterms\u00ae noteikumi?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/lv\/incoterms-2020-guide\/#Whats_Regulated_by_the_Incoterms%C2%AE_Rules\" >Ko reglament\u0113 Incoterms\u00ae noteikumi?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/lv\/incoterms-2020-guide\/#Whats_Not_Regulated_by_the_Incoterms%C2%AE_Rules\" >Ko neregul\u0113 Incoterms\u00ae noteikumi?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/lv\/incoterms-2020-guide\/#Who_Are_the_Incoterms%C2%AE_Rules_Important_For\" >Kam ir svar\u012bgi Incoterms\u00ae noteikumi?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/lv\/incoterms-2020-guide\/#The_2020_Version_of_the_Incoterms%C2%AE_Rules\" >Incoterms\u00ae noteikumu 2020. gada versija<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/lv\/incoterms-2020-guide\/#Aspects_of_International_Trade\" >Starptautisk\u0101s tirdzniec\u012bbas aspekti<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/lv\/incoterms-2020-guide\/#1_Modes_of_Transport\" >1. Transporta veidi<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/lv\/incoterms-2020-guide\/#2_Costs_and_Risks\" >2. Izmaksas un riski<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/lv\/incoterms-2020-guide\/#3_Carriage_Contracts\" >3. P\u0101rvad\u0101jumu l\u012bgumi<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/lv\/incoterms-2020-guide\/#4_Customs_Clearance_Export_and_Import\" >4. Muito\u0161ana (eksports un imports)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/lv\/incoterms-2020-guide\/#5_Insurance_Policies\" >5. Apdro\u0161in\u0101\u0161anas polises<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/lv\/incoterms-2020-guide\/#The_Incoterms%C2%AE_2020_Rules_Explained\" >Incoterms\u00ae 2020 noteikumu skaidrojums<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/lv\/incoterms-2020-guide\/#1_EXW_Ex_Works\" >1. EXW (Ex Works)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/lv\/incoterms-2020-guide\/#2_FCA_Free_Carrier\" >2. FCA (bezmaksas p\u0101rvad\u0101t\u0101js)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/lv\/incoterms-2020-guide\/#3_FAS_Free_Alongside_Ship\" >3. FAS (Free Alongside Ship)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/lv\/incoterms-2020-guide\/#4_FOB_Free_on_Board\" >4. FOB (Free on Board)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/lv\/incoterms-2020-guide\/#5_CFR_Cost_and_Freight\" >5. CFR (izmaksas un frakts)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/lv\/incoterms-2020-guide\/#6_CIF_Cost_Insurance_and_Freight\" >6. CIF (Cost, Insurance, and Freight - izmaksas, apdro\u0161in\u0101\u0161ana un frakts)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/lv\/incoterms-2020-guide\/#7_CPT_Carriage_Paid_to\" >7. CPT (Carriage Paid to)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/lv\/incoterms-2020-guide\/#8_CIP_Carriage_and_Insurance_Paid_to\" >8. CIP (p\u0101rvad\u0101\u0161anas un apdro\u0161in\u0101\u0161anas maks\u0101jums)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/lv\/incoterms-2020-guide\/#9_DAP_Delivered_at_Place\" >9. DAP (pieg\u0101d\u0101ts uz vietas)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/lv\/incoterms-2020-guide\/#10_DPU_Delivered_at_Place_Unloaded\" >10. DPU (pieg\u0101de izkrau\u0161anas viet\u0101)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/lv\/incoterms-2020-guide\/#11_DDP_Delivered_Duty_Paid\" >11. DDP (Delivered Duty Paid)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\" href=\"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/lv\/incoterms-2020-guide\/#Conclusion\" >Secin\u0101jums<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-27\" href=\"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/lv\/incoterms-2020-guide\/#FAQ\" >F.A.Q.<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Need_for_Establishing_International_Trade_Rules\"><\/span>Nepiecie\u0161am\u012bba izstr\u0101d\u0101t starptautisk\u0101s tirdzniec\u012bbas noteikumus<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>V\u0113stures gait\u0101, starptautisk\u0101s tirdzniec\u012bbas att\u012bst\u012bbai k\u013c\u016bstot arvien sare\u017e\u0123\u012bt\u0101kai un pla\u0161\u0101kai, pieauga ar\u012b nepiecie\u0161am\u012bba iek\u013caut specializ\u0113tas nozares, kas nepiecie\u0161amas, lai kontrol\u0113tu un uztur\u0113tu visus da\u017e\u0101dos procesus un proced\u016bras, kas veido tirdzniec\u012bbas sist\u0113mu.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>T\u0101tad, kam\u0113r viens departaments p\u0101rvalda kr\u0101jumus un pas\u016bt\u012bjumus, cits ir atbild\u012bgs par kravu p\u0101rvad\u0101jumiem. V\u0113l ir sektori, kas atbild par maks\u0101jumu l\u012bdzsvaro\u0161anu, val\u016btas mai\u0146as kursiem un muitas apstr\u0101di. Visi tie darbojas savstarp\u0113ji aizvietojami, lai visa tirdzniec\u012bbas \"ma\u0161\u012bna\" var\u0113tu darboties ar augstu efektivit\u0101ti.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Jaunaj\u0101 glob\u0101l\u0101s ekonomikas model\u012b iedibin\u0101t\u0101s tirdzniec\u012bbas tendences mudin\u0101ja gan valsts p\u0101rvaldes iest\u0101des, gan priv\u0101tos uz\u0146\u0113mumus censties pan\u0101kt lab\u0101ku starptautisk\u0101s tirdzniec\u012bbas regul\u0113jumu, kas nodro\u0161in\u0101tu god\u012bgu, dro\u0161u, stabilu un kontrol\u0113tu pre\u010du pl\u016bsmu.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Foundation_of_Incoterms%C2%AE\"><\/span>Incoterms\u00ae pamats<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Starptautisk\u0101s tirdzniec\u012bbas noteikumu ievie\u0161anas nepiecie\u0161am\u012bba rosin\u0101ja dibin\u0101t vair\u0101kas organiz\u0101cijas, kas sav\u0101 pasp\u0101rn\u0113 apvienotu visus uz\u0146\u0113mumus un valsts iest\u0101des, kas nodarbojas ar starptautisko tirdzniec\u012bbu. Starp noz\u012bm\u012bg\u0101kaj\u0101m starptautiskaj\u0101m organiz\u0101cij\u0101m ir \u0161\u0101das:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Pasaules Tirdzniec\u012bbas organiz\u0101cija (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.wto.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">PTO<\/a>);<\/li><li>Starptautisk\u0101 Tirdzniec\u012bbas pal\u0101ta (<a href=\"https:\/\/iccwbo.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">ICC<\/a>);<\/li><li>Starptautiskais Val\u016btas fonds (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.imf.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">SVF<\/a>);<\/li><li>Starptautisk\u0101 muitas brokeru asoci\u0101ciju feder\u0101cija (<a href=\"https:\/\/ifcba.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">IFCBA<\/a>);<\/li><li>Starptautisk\u0101 kravas ekspeditoru asoci\u0101ciju feder\u0101cija (<a href=\"https:\/\/fiata.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">FIATA<\/a>);<\/li><li>Starptautisk\u0101 j\u016brniec\u012bbas organiz\u0101cija (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.imo.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">IMO<\/a>);<\/li><li>Starpvald\u012bbu organiz\u0101cija starptautiskajiem dzelzce\u013ca p\u0101rvad\u0101jumiem (<a href=\"https:\/\/otif.org\/en\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">OTIF<\/a>);<\/li><li>Starptautisk\u0101 Autotransporta savien\u012bba (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.iru.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">IRU<\/a>);<\/li><li>Port\u0101ls <a href=\"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/lv\/iata\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"22\" title=\"Starptautisk\u0101s Gaisa transporta asoci\u0101cijas (IATA) skaidrojumi\">Starptautisk\u0101 Gaisa transporta asoci\u0101cija<\/a> (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.iata.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">IATA<\/a>).<\/li><\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Liel\u0101kajai da\u013cai \u0161o organiz\u0101ciju ir b\u016btiska noz\u012bme ieteikumu un noteikumu izstr\u0101d\u0113 attiec\u012bb\u0101 uz fizisku pre\u010du starptautisk\u0101s tirdzniec\u012bbas un transporta dar\u012bjumiem, jo \u012bpa\u0161i p\u0101rkrau\u0161anas lo\u0123istikas un finan\u0161u jom\u0101.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>T\u0101 k\u0101 ir tik daudz da\u017e\u0101du valstu un citu ekonomiski fisk\u0101lo re\u0123ionu, kas savstarp\u0113ji tirgojas, valstu ties\u012bbu akti par likum\u012bgu tirdzniec\u012bbu gandr\u012bz nekad netiek attiecin\u0101ti \u0101rpus valsts teritorijas. Tas attiecas ar\u012b uz da\u017e\u0101d\u0101m kult\u016br\u0101m, soci\u0101laj\u0101m un uz\u0146\u0113m\u0113jdarb\u012bbas para\u017e\u0101m un valod\u0101m.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Sare\u017e\u0123\u012bjumi rodas starptautiskaj\u0101 tirdzniec\u012bb\u0101. At\u0161\u0137ir\u012bbas starp p\u0101rdodo\u0161o un p\u0113rko\u0161o pusi var izrais\u012bt l\u012bguma p\u0101rk\u0101pumus un trauc\u0113t pieg\u0101des \u0137\u0113di.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Lai nov\u0113rstu iesp\u0113jamo neveiksmju risku, 1936. gad\u0101 Starptautisk\u0101 Tirdzniec\u012bbas pal\u0101ta (ICC) n\u0101ca klaj\u0101 ar priek\u0161likumu<strong> Incoterms\u00ae<\/strong> (\u012bsi no <strong>In<\/strong>starptautiskais <strong>Co<\/strong>m komerci\u0101l\u0101 <strong>Noteikumi<\/strong>) - noteikumu kopums, kas izstr\u0101d\u0101ts, lai standartiz\u0113tu pre\u010du pieg\u0101des nosac\u012bjumus un nodro\u0161in\u0101tu starptautisk\u0101s tirdzniec\u012bbas dar\u012bjumu tiesisko aizsardz\u012bbu.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_Are_the_Incoterms%C2%AE_Rules\"><\/span>K\u0101di ir Incoterms\u00ae noteikumi?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Incoterms\u00ae noteikumos ir skaidri un prec\u012bzi izkl\u0101st\u012btas katras puses (p\u0101rdev\u0113ja un pirc\u0113ja) ties\u012bbas un pien\u0101kumi savstarp\u0113ji parakst\u012bt\u0101 starptautisk\u0101 p\u0101rdo\u0161anas l\u012bgum\u0101. \u0160aj\u0101 l\u012bgum\u0101 galven\u0101 uzman\u012bba ir piev\u0113rsta p\u0101rdo\u0161anas priek\u0161meta pre\u010du pieg\u0101des noteikumiem.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Ir <strong>pieci galvenie aspekti<\/strong> kas defin\u0113ti Incoterms\u00ae noteikumos:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>P\u0101rdev\u0113ja un pirc\u0113ja pien\u0101kumi attiec\u012bb\u0101 uz pre\u010du pieg\u0101di, kas noteikti starptautiskaj\u0101 p\u0101rdo\u0161anas l\u012bgum\u0101;<\/li><li>Kura puse ir atbild\u012bga par da\u017e\u0101du lo\u0123istikas \u0137\u0113des posmu un darb\u012bbu izmaks\u0101m (pre\u010du iepako\u0161ana, transporta noma, transporta l\u012bdzek\u013cu iekrau\u0161ana un izkrau\u0161ana, iekrau\u0161ana un izkrau\u0161ana utt.);<\/li><li>Kura puse ir atbild\u012bga par pre\u010du dro\u0161\u012bbas riskiem un apdro\u0161in\u0101\u0161anas izmaks\u0101m noteiktos lo\u0123istikas \u0137\u0113des punktos un pieg\u0101des braucien\u0101;<\/li><li>Kura puse ir atbild\u012bga par pre\u010du muito\u0161anas procesa veik\u0161anu gad\u012bjumos, kad tas ir juridiski nepiecie\u0161ams;<\/li><li>Kur\u0101 br\u012bd\u012b p\u0101rdev\u0113js nodod risku par preci pirc\u0113jam un k\u0101ds ir pre\u010du pieg\u0101des laiks un vieta.<\/li><\/ol>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Pirms nor\u0101d\u012bsim, uz ko attiecas un uz ko neattiecas Incoterms\u00ae noteikumi, v\u0113lamies atz\u012bm\u0113t, ka \u0161ie noteikumi neveido visu p\u0101rdo\u0161anas l\u012bgumu, bet galvenok\u0101rt piev\u0113r\u0161 uzman\u012bbu pre\u010du pieg\u0101des aspektam.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Whats_Regulated_by_the_Incoterms%C2%AE_Rules\"><\/span>Ko reglament\u0113 Incoterms\u00ae noteikumi?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>P\u0101rbaudot Incoterms\u00ae noteikumus, m\u0113s secin\u0101j\u0101m. <strong>desmit aspekti<\/strong> par to, k\u0101 tie nosaka gan p\u0101rdodo\u0161\u0101s, gan p\u0113rko\u0161\u0101s puses pien\u0101kumus, kad runa ir par pre\u010du pieg\u0101di. M\u0113s tos uzskait\u0101m \u0161eit:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>P\u0101rdev\u0113ja puses saist\u012bbas<\/strong>:<ul><li>Pre\u010du pieg\u0101de kop\u0101 ar p\u0101rdo\u0161anas r\u0113\u0137inu saska\u0146\u0101 ar starptautiskaj\u0101 p\u0101rdo\u0161anas l\u012bgum\u0101 min\u0113tajiem noteikumiem;<\/li><li>at\u013cauju, licen\u010du, eksporta un importa at\u013cauju, dro\u0161\u012bbas akredit\u0101ciju un citu ofici\u0101lu at\u013cauju sa\u0146em\u0161ana saist\u012bb\u0101 ar pre\u010du p\u0101rdo\u0161anu;<\/li><li>Apdro\u0161in\u0101\u0161anas un p\u0101rvad\u0101juma l\u012bgumu sagatavo\u0161ana;<\/li><li>Efekt\u012bva pre\u010du pieg\u0101de l\u012bdz riska nodo\u0161anas punktam;<\/li><li>Risku nodo\u0161ana;<\/li><li>Izmaksu dal\u012b\u0161ana;<\/li><li>savlaic\u012bgi pazi\u0146ot pirc\u0113jam par pre\u010du pieg\u0101di;<\/li><li>pre\u010du pieg\u0101des pier\u0101d\u012b\u0161ana un dokument\u0113\u0161ana;<\/li><li>pre\u010du p\u0101rbaude, iepako\u0161ana un mar\u0137\u0113\u0161ana;<\/li><li>Pal\u012bdz\u012bba pirc\u0113jam, sniedzot jebk\u0101du piepras\u012bto inform\u0101ciju par pre\u010du pieg\u0101di un ar to saist\u012btaj\u0101m izmaks\u0101m.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Pirc\u0113jas puses saist\u012bbas<\/strong>:<ul><li>samaksa par prec\u0113m saska\u0146\u0101 ar starptautiskaj\u0101 p\u0101rdo\u0161anas l\u012bgum\u0101 min\u0113tajiem noteikumiem;<\/li><li>at\u013cauju, licen\u010du, eksporta un importa at\u013cauju, dro\u0161\u012bbas akredit\u0101ciju un citu ofici\u0101lu at\u013cauju sa\u0146em\u0161ana saist\u012bb\u0101 ar pre\u010du ieg\u0101di;<\/li><li>Apdro\u0161in\u0101\u0161anas un p\u0101rvad\u0101juma l\u012bgumu sagatavo\u0161ana;<\/li><li>Efekt\u012bva pre\u010du sa\u0146em\u0161ana no riska nodo\u0161anas vietas;<\/li><li>Risku nodo\u0161ana;<\/li><li>Izmaksu dal\u012b\u0161ana;<\/li><li>nekav\u0113joties pazi\u0146o p\u0101rdev\u0113jam par pre\u010du sa\u0146em\u0161anu;<\/li><li>pre\u010du sa\u0146em\u0161anas pier\u0101d\u012b\u0161ana un dokument\u0113\u0161ana;<\/li><li>&nbsp;Pre\u010du p\u0101rbaude;<\/li><li>pal\u012bdz\u012bba p\u0101rdev\u0113jai pusei, sniedzot jebk\u0101du piepras\u012bto inform\u0101ciju par pre\u010du sa\u0146em\u0161anu un ar to saist\u012btaj\u0101m izmaks\u0101m.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Whats_Not_Regulated_by_the_Incoterms%C2%AE_Rules\"><\/span>Ko neregul\u0113 Incoterms\u00ae noteikumi?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Iepriek\u0161 m\u0113s min\u0113j\u0101m, ka Incoterms\u00ae noteikumi galvenok\u0101rt koncentr\u0113jas uz to, lai noteiktu saist\u012bbas, kas gan p\u0101rdodo\u0161ajai, gan p\u0113rko\u0161ajai pusei ir attiec\u012bb\u0101 uz pre\u010du pieg\u0101di. Da\u017ei aspekti, piem\u0113ram, p\u0101rdo\u0161anas dar\u012bjuma komerci\u0101l\u0101 da\u013ca, ir \u0101rpus Incoterms\u00ae noteikumu darb\u012bbas jomas.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Ir <strong>pieci galvenie aspekti<\/strong> starptautiskaj\u0101 p\u0101rdo\u0161anas l\u012bgum\u0101, ja Incoterms\u00ae noteikumi nav piem\u0113rojami:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Nosac\u012bjumi, kas uzskait\u012bti l\u012bgum\u0101 starp p\u0101rvad\u0101t\u0101ju un pirc\u0113ju vai p\u0101rdev\u0113ju;<\/li><li>Pre\u010du \u012bpa\u0161umties\u012bbu nodo\u0161anas nosac\u012bjumi;<\/li><li>maks\u0101\u0161anas noteikumi, tostarp pre\u010du cena un maks\u0101jumu metodes, kas izmantotas p\u0101rdo\u0161anas dar\u012bjuma nok\u0101rto\u0161anai;<\/li><li>L\u012bguma p\u0101rk\u0101puma regul\u0113\u0161anas nosac\u012bjumi, tostarp risin\u0101juma veidi;<\/li><li>jebk\u0101di atbr\u012bvojumi no atbild\u012bbas par pre\u010du st\u0101vokli un pieg\u0101di.<\/li><\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Iepriek\u0161 min\u0113tie aspekti ir pien\u0101c\u012bgi j\u0101defin\u0113 p\u0101rdo\u0161anas l\u012bgum\u0101, lai abas puses var\u0113tu tos p\u0101rskat\u012bt un savstarp\u0113ji vienoties par min\u0113tajiem nosac\u012bjumiem.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>V\u0113l viena joma, kas neietilpst Incoterms\u00ae noteikumu darb\u012bbas jom\u0101, ir pre\u010du un pakalpojumu tirdzniec\u012bba. To ir svar\u012bgi atcer\u0113ties l\u012bguma p\u0101rk\u0101puma gad\u012bjum\u0101.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>B\u016btiska deta\u013ca, ko ar\u012b ir v\u0113rts atcer\u0113ties, ir t\u0101, ka, lai gan Incoterms\u00ae noteikumi skaidri neregul\u0113 starptautiskos maks\u0101jumu veidus, tie bie\u017ei vien tiek min\u0113ti l\u012bgumos un ir cie\u0161i saist\u012bti. T\u0101p\u0113c tas ir skaidri j\u0101nor\u0101da l\u012bgum\u0101, jo \u0101rpus maks\u0101juma l\u012bgum\u0101 var b\u016bt nor\u0101d\u012bts cit\u0101di.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Who_Are_the_Incoterms%C2%AE_Rules_Important_For\"><\/span>Kam ir svar\u012bgi Incoterms\u00ae noteikumi?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Viens fakts par Incoterms\u00ae noteikumiem b\u016btu \u013coti skaidri j\u0101zina gan pirc\u0113jam, gan p\u0101rdev\u0113jam, k\u0101 ar\u012b visiem, kas iesaist\u012bti pre\u010du tirdzniec\u012bb\u0101 vis\u0101 pasaul\u0113. <strong>Incoterms\u00ae noteikumi nav oblig\u0101ti.<\/strong>. Tom\u0113r tie ir \u0101rk\u0101rt\u012bgi svar\u012bgi un iz\u0161\u0137iro\u0161i, lai katra pieg\u0101des \u0137\u0113des darb\u012bba b\u016btu pareiza un efekt\u012bva.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>T\u0101p\u0113c \u0161ie noteikumi tiek pla\u0161i ieviesti un iek\u013cauti starptautiskajos p\u0101rdo\u0161anas l\u012bgumos.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Profesion\u0101l\u0101m komand\u0101m un da\u017e\u0101da lieluma un noz\u012bmes uz\u0146\u0113mumiem starptautiskaj\u0101 pieg\u0101des \u0137\u0113d\u0113 ir j\u0101piev\u0113r\u0161 r\u016bp\u012bga uzman\u012bba Incoterms\u00ae noteikumiem un j\u0101\u0146em v\u0113r\u0101 to nor\u0101d\u012bjumi, veicot uz\u0146\u0113m\u0113jdarb\u012bbu. Da\u017ei no \u0161iem uz\u0146\u0113mumiem ir:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Gaisa kravu p\u0101rvad\u0101t\u0101ji;<\/li><li>Gaisa kravu ekspeditori;<\/li><li>Komerci\u0101lais <a href=\"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/lv\/top-49-container-ports\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"80\" title=\"49 liel\u0101kie un noslogot\u0101kie konteineru ostas 2025. gad\u0101\">osta<\/a> vad\u012bbas komandas;<\/li><li>Muitas a\u0123enti;<\/li><li>Izplat\u012bt\u0101ji;<\/li><li>Eksport\u0113jo\u0161ie un import\u0113jo\u0161ie uz\u0146\u0113mumi;<\/li><li>\u0100r\u0113j\u0101s tirdzniec\u012bbas konsultanti;<\/li><li>Kravu ekspeditori;<\/li><li>Finan\u0161u pakalpojumi;<\/li><li>\u0100r\u0113j\u0101s tirdzniec\u012bbas vad\u012bt\u0101ji valsts p\u0101rvald\u0113;<\/li><li>Starptautiskie lo\u0123istikas operatori;<\/li><li>Apdro\u0161in\u0101t\u0101ji;<\/li><li>Autop\u0101rvad\u0101t\u0101ji;<\/li><li>Dzelzce\u013ca operatori;<\/li><li>Dro\u0161\u012bbas konsult\u0101ciju uz\u0146\u0113mumi;<\/li><li>Ku\u0123niec\u012bbas a\u0123enti;<\/li><li>Ku\u0123niec\u012bbas uz\u0146\u0113mumi;<\/li><li>Dro\u0161\u012bbas pakalpojumi;<\/li><li>Transporta centra vad\u012bbas komandas;<\/li><li>Noliktavu \u012bpa\u0161nieki.<\/li><\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_2020_Version_of_the_Incoterms%C2%AE_Rules\"><\/span>Incoterms\u00ae noteikumu 2020. gada versija<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Kop\u0161 pirm\u0101 Incoterms\u00ae projekta 1936. gad\u0101 Incoterms\u00ae ir vair\u0101kk\u0101rt atjaunin\u0101ti un pilnveidoti. To jaun\u0101k\u0101, 9. versija tika public\u0113ta 2019. gada septembr\u012b un piln\u012bb\u0101 st\u0101j\u0101s sp\u0113k\u0101 2020. gada 1. janv\u0101r\u012b. \u0160\u012b ir Incoterms\u00ae versija, uz kuru koncentr\u0113jas m\u016bsu rokasgr\u0101mata.&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>2020 Incoterms\u00ae ietver vienpadsmit atsevi\u0161\u0137us noteikumus, kas ir to pilno terminu akron\u012bmi ang\u013cu valod\u0101. Turpm\u0101k ir sniegts 2020 Incoterms\u00ae noteikumu saraksts, tostarp to akron\u012bmi un pilni apraksti:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>EXW<\/strong> - <strong>EX W<\/strong>orki;<\/li><li><strong>FCA<\/strong> - <strong>F<\/strong>ree <strong>CA<\/strong>rrier;<\/li><li><strong>FAS<\/strong> - <strong>F<\/strong>ree <strong>A<\/strong>l\u012bdz\u0101s <strong>S<\/strong>g\u016b\u017eas;<\/li><li><strong>FOB <\/strong>- <strong>F<\/strong>ree <strong>O<\/strong>n <strong>B<\/strong>oard;<\/li><li><strong>CFR <\/strong>- <strong>C<\/strong>ost un <strong>FR<\/strong>asto\u0146i;<\/li><li><strong>CIF <\/strong>- <strong>C<\/strong>ost, <strong>I<\/strong>apdro\u0161in\u0101\u0161ana, un <strong>F<\/strong>labi;<\/li><li><strong>CPT <\/strong>- <strong>C<\/strong>arriage <strong>P<\/strong>atbalsts <strong>T<\/strong>o;<\/li><li><strong>CIP <\/strong>- <strong>C<\/strong>laul\u012bba un <strong>I<\/strong>apdro\u0161in\u0101\u0161ana <strong>P<\/strong>atbalsts;<\/li><li><strong>DAP <\/strong>- <strong>D<\/strong>elivered <strong>A<\/strong>t <strong>P<\/strong>me\u017e\u0123\u012bnes;<\/li><li><strong>DPU <\/strong>- <strong>D<\/strong>elivered at <strong>P<\/strong>me\u017e\u0123\u012bnes <strong>U<\/strong>nloaded;<\/li><li><strong>DDP <\/strong>- <strong>D<\/strong>elivered <strong>D<\/strong>uty <strong>P<\/strong>atbalsts.<\/li><\/ol>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\u0160os terminus varam iedal\u012bt \u010detr\u0101s grup\u0101s, jo visi s\u0101kas ar vienu no \u0161iem \u010detriem burtiem: Tas ir \u0113rti Incoterms\u00ae noteikumu klasifik\u0101cijai, jo katra burtu grupa ir paredz\u0113ta, lai reglament\u0113tu k\u0101du no \u0161iem \u010detriem burtiem. <strong>konkr\u0113ta pre\u010du pieg\u0101des vieta vai transporta posms.<\/strong>:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>E noteikumi (izbrauk\u0161ana)<\/strong>:<ul><li>Pre\u010du pieg\u0101des vieta: izcelsmes viet\u0101, p\u0101rdev\u0113ja uz\u0146\u0113mumos;<br>- P\u0101rdev\u0113ja puse pieg\u0101d\u0101 preces sav\u0101 uz\u0146\u0113mum\u0101 un tur dara t\u0101s pieejamas pirc\u0113jam;<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>F noteikumi (neapmaks\u0101ts galvenais p\u0101rvad\u0101jums)<\/strong>:<ul><li>Pre\u010du pieg\u0101des vieta: izcelsmes viet\u0101, kad pirc\u0113js nom\u0101 transportu pieg\u0101dei un maks\u0101 par to;<br>- P\u0101rdev\u0113ja puse pieg\u0101d\u0101 preces transporta veidam bez samaksas;<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>C noteikumi (apmaks\u0101ts galvenais vagons)<\/strong>:<ul><li>Pre\u010du pieg\u0101des vieta: izcelsmes viet\u0101, kad p\u0101rdodo\u0161\u0101 puse nom\u0101 transportu pieg\u0101dei un par to samaks\u0101;<br>- P\u0101rdev\u0113ja puse pieg\u0101d\u0101 preces transporta veidam ar samaksu un nekav\u0113joties nodod riskus;<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>D noteikumi (iera\u0161an\u0101s)<\/strong>:<ul><li>Pre\u010du pieg\u0101des vieta: pirc\u0113ja nor\u0101d\u012btaj\u0101 galam\u0113r\u0137\u012b;<br>- P\u0101rdev\u0113ja puse r\u016bp\u0113jas par pre\u010du transport\u0113\u0161anu un pieg\u0101di galapunkt\u0101, k\u0101 ar\u012b uz\u0146emas visus riskus.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"563\" src=\"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Incoterms-1.jpg\" alt=\"Incoterms\" class=\"wp-image-3776\" srcset=\"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Incoterms-1.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/moverdb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Incoterms-1-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/moverdb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Incoterms-1-600x338.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Ir v\u0113l viena popul\u0101ra Incoterms\u00ae noteikumu kategoriz\u0101cija, kas balst\u0101s uz <strong>transporta veids<\/strong>:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Incoterms\u00ae noteikumi, kuros galven\u0101 uzman\u012bba piev\u0113rsta <strong>jebk\u0101da veida transports<\/strong> ir: EXW, FCA, CPT, CIP, DAP, DPU un DDP;<\/li><li>Incoterms\u00ae noteikumi, kuros galven\u0101 uzman\u012bba piev\u0113rsta <strong>p\u0101rvad\u0101jumi, kas notiek j\u016br\u0101 vai jebkur\u0101 iek\u0161zemes \u016bdensce\u013c\u0101.<\/strong> ir: FAS, FOB, CFR un CIF.<\/li><\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Pirms m\u0113s padzi\u013cin\u0101ti apl\u016bkojam katru Incoterms\u00ae noteikumu, sav\u0101 rokasgr\u0101mat\u0101 iek\u013causim da\u017eus svar\u012bgus starptautisk\u0101s tirdzniec\u012bbas aspektus. T\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di j\u016bs lab\u0101k saprat\u012bsiet, ko noz\u012bm\u0113 katrs noteikums. J\u016bs ar\u012b b\u016bsiet lab\u0101k sagatavoju\u0161ies, k\u0101 tos pareizi piem\u0113rot sav\u0101m konkr\u0113taj\u0101m pras\u012bb\u0101m.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Aspects_of_International_Trade\"><\/span>Starptautisk\u0101s tirdzniec\u012bbas aspekti<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\u0160aj\u0101 sada\u013c\u0101 m\u0113s \u012bsum\u0101 apl\u016bkosim piecus galvenos aspektus, kas veido starptautisko pre\u010du pieg\u0101des procesu no p\u0101rdev\u0113ja uz pirc\u0113ju. M\u0113s apl\u016bkosim \u0161\u0101dus piecus aspektus:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong><a href=\"#1\">Transporta veidi<\/a>;<\/strong><\/li><li><strong><a href=\"#2\">Izmaksas un riski<\/a>;<\/strong><\/li><li><strong><a href=\"#3\">P\u0101rvad\u0101jumu l\u012bgumi<\/a>;<\/strong><\/li><li><strong><a href=\"#4\">Muito\u0161ana (eksports un imports)<\/a>;<\/strong><\/li><li><strong><a href=\"#5\">Apdro\u0161in\u0101\u0161anas polises<\/a>.<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"1\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Modes_of_Transport\"><\/span>1. Transporta veidi<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>M\u0113s min\u0113j\u0101m, ka Incoterm\u00ae noteikumus var klasific\u0113t atkar\u012bb\u0101 no t\u0101, k\u0101ds transporta veids tiek izmantots, lai pieg\u0101d\u0101tu preces no nos\u016bt\u012bt\u0101ja pirc\u0113jam.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Noteikumi, kas attiecas uz <strong>j\u016bras transports<\/strong> (ieskaitot iek\u0161zemes \u016bdensce\u013cus) ir FAS, FOB, CFR un CIF. \u0160is transporta veids, ko parasti d\u0113v\u0113 par j\u016bras p\u0101rvad\u0101jumiem, izmanto visu veidu kravas ku\u0123us, lai p\u0101rvad\u0101tu preces starp j\u016bras vai upju ost\u0101m. Tie var b\u016bt \u0123ener\u0101lkravu ku\u0123i, daudzfunkcion\u0101li ku\u0123i, f\u012bderku\u0123i, naftas tankku\u0123i, refri\u017eeratoru ku\u0123i, konteinerku\u0123i, roll-on\/roll-off ku\u0123i (transportl\u012bdzek\u013cu p\u0101rvad\u0101\u0161anai), beramkravu ku\u0123i, m\u0101jlopu p\u0101rvad\u0101\u0161anas ku\u0123i un citi.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\u010cetri Incoterms\u00ae noteikumi, kas attiecas uz \u0161o transporta veidu, ir piem\u0113roti, lai nosl\u0113gtu l\u012bgumus par visp\u0101r\u0113jas noz\u012bmes kravu (beramkravu, beramkravu, r\u016bdas, naftas u. c.) pieg\u0101di. Tie nav piem\u0113roti konteinerkrav\u0101m. \u012as\u0101k sakot, ar \u0161iem Incoterms\u00ae noteikumiem var apstr\u0101d\u0101t visu, kas ce\u013co tikai starp ost\u0101m.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><strong>Konteinerkravas<\/strong> kas tiek p\u0101rvad\u0101ti, izmantojot j\u016bras transportu un visus citus kravu p\u0101rvad\u0101\u0161anas veidus, piem\u0113ram. <strong>gaisa, autotransporta, dzelzce\u013ca un multimod\u0101lie p\u0101rvad\u0101jumi.<\/strong> var veiksm\u012bgi regul\u0113t ar p\u0101r\u0113jiem septi\u0146iem Incoterms\u00ae noteikumiem. Tie ir EXW, FCA, CPT, CIP, DAP, DPU un DDP. \u0160os noteikumus var piem\u0113rot jebkurai iepriek\u0161 min\u0113to transporta veidu kombin\u0101cijai, iz\u0146emot gad\u012bjumus, kad \u0123ener\u0101lkravu p\u0101rvad\u0101 tikai no ostas uz ostu.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>J\u016bras transportam no ostas uz ostu, kas ietver ieradu\u0161os kravas vien\u012bbu sadal\u012b\u0161anu, ir j\u0101nosl\u0113dz atsevi\u0161\u0137s l\u012bgums starp kravas nos\u016bt\u012bt\u0101ju un p\u0101rvad\u0101t\u0101ju.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Multimod\u0101lajam transportam, kas var apvienot mar\u0161rutus, kuros iesaist\u012bti ku\u0123i, vilcieni, kravas automa\u0161\u012bnas, lidma\u0161\u012bnas un citi transporta veidi, ir vajadz\u012bgi at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bgi noteikumi, jo kravas vien\u012bba netiek sadal\u012bta katru reizi, kad p\u0101rvad\u0101to kravu p\u0101r\u0146em cits transporta veids.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"2\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Costs_and_Risks\"><\/span>2. Izmaksas un riski<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Starptautiska pre\u010du pieg\u0101de ir saist\u012bta ar sam\u0113r\u012bg\u0101m izmaks\u0101m un riskiem. Past\u0101v daudzi faktori, kas maina pieg\u0101des izmaksas un riskus atkar\u012bb\u0101 no att\u0101luma no s\u0101kuma punkta X l\u012bdz galapunktam Y, pieg\u0101des veik\u0161anai nepiecie\u0161am\u0101 transporta veida (vai vair\u0101kiem transporta veidiem), pre\u010du veida un rakstura (beramkravas, trausls saturs, m\u0101jlopi, kravas konteineros, uz palikt\u0146iem utt.) un cit\u0101m specifik\u0101cij\u0101m, kas nor\u0101d\u012btas starptautiskaj\u0101 pirkuma l\u012bgum\u0101.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Izmaksas un riskus, kas saist\u012bti ar pre\u010du starptautisko pieg\u0101di, varam klasific\u0113t atkar\u012bb\u0101 no to s\u0101kotn\u0113j\u0101s vai gal\u012bg\u0101s pieg\u0101des vietas:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Izmaksas un riski pre\u010du izcelsmes viet\u0101 (s\u0101kumpunkt\u0101)<\/strong>:<ul><li>Pre\u010du p\u0101rbaude;<\/li><li>Pre\u010du iepakojums;<\/li><li>Kravas vien\u012bbu konfigur\u0101cija;<\/li><li>Apdro\u0161in\u0101\u0161ana;<\/li><li>Pre\u010du iekrau\u0161ana un nostiprin\u0101\u0161ana transport\u0113\u0161anai;<\/li><li>Pre\u010du transport\u0113\u0161ana izcelsmes valst\u012b;<\/li><li>Eksporta muito\u0161ana;<\/li><li>pre\u010du apstr\u0101de, izkraujot preces no ostas vai termin\u0101\u013ca izcelsmes valst\u012b;<\/li><li>Galvenais transports.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Izmaksas un riski pre\u010du galam\u0113r\u0137\u012b (galapunkt\u0101)<\/strong>:<ul><li>Apdro\u0161in\u0101\u0161ana;<\/li><li>pre\u010du apstr\u0101de, kad t\u0101s ierodas galam\u0113r\u0137a valsts ost\u0101 vai termin\u0101l\u012b;<\/li><li>Importa muito\u0161ana;<\/li><li>Pre\u010du transport\u0113\u0161ana galam\u0113r\u0137a valst\u012b;<\/li><li>Pre\u010du izkrau\u0161ana un sa\u0146em\u0161ana galam\u0113r\u0137a viet\u0101.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>P\u0101rdev\u0113ja puse ir atbild\u012bga par visiem riskiem l\u012bdz pre\u010du pieg\u0101des br\u012bdim noteikt\u0101 datum\u0101 un laik\u0101. Pieg\u0101des vietu var uzskat\u012bt par jebkuru vietu, par kuru p\u0101rdo\u0161anas un pirk\u0161anas puses vienojas sav\u0101 starptautiskaj\u0101 pirkuma l\u012bgum\u0101, t\u0101tad pieg\u0101des vieta var b\u016bt pre\u010du izcelsmes vieta (p\u0101rdo\u0161anas puses telpas), jebkur\u0161 pre\u010du transport\u0113\u0161anas punkts (izplat\u012b\u0161anas platforma, iek\u0101p\u0161ana lidma\u0161\u012bn\u0101, vilcien\u0101, kravas automa\u0161\u012bn\u0101 vai ku\u0123\u012b, muitas termin\u0101lis u. c.) vai galam\u0113r\u0137a adrese (pirc\u0113ja telpas).<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Pieg\u0101des br\u012bd\u012b risks p\u0101riet no p\u0101rdev\u0113ja puses uz pirc\u0113ju dien\u0101 un laik\u0101, par ko tika pan\u0101kta vieno\u0161an\u0101s.&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Lo\u0123istikas \u0137\u0113des procesa izmaksu un risku aspekts ir viens no b\u016btisk\u0101kajiem aspektiem pre\u010du pieg\u0101d\u0113, t\u0101p\u0113c gan p\u0101rdodo\u0161ajai, gan p\u0113rko\u0161ajai pusei ir j\u0101uzdod sev \u0161\u0101di jaut\u0101jumi, lai var\u0113tu veiksm\u012bgi sagatavot visaptvero\u0161u un efekt\u012bvu p\u0101rdo\u0161anas l\u012bgumu:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>K\u0101das izmaksas un riski ir saist\u012bti ar konkr\u0113to p\u0101rdo\u0161anas dar\u012bjumu?<\/li><li>Kur\u0161 sedz iesp\u0113jam\u0101s izmaksas un riskus, kas saist\u012bti ar pre\u010du pieg\u0101di, k\u0101d\u0101 m\u0113r\u0101 un kur\u0101 pieg\u0101des mar\u0161ruta posm\u0101?<\/li><\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"3\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Carriage_Contracts\"><\/span>3. P\u0101rvad\u0101jumu l\u012bgumi<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>M\u0113s min\u0113j\u0101m, ka, lai gan Incoterms\u00ae noteikumi attiecas tikai uz p\u0101rdo\u0161anas l\u012bguma da\u013cu, to piem\u0113ro\u0161ana b\u016btiski ietekm\u0113 transporta p\u0101rvad\u0101t\u0101ju nol\u012bg\u0161anas nosac\u012bjumus.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>P\u0101rvad\u0101juma l\u012bgumos ir ietverti pre\u010du nos\u016bt\u012bt\u0101ja un p\u0101rvad\u0101t\u0101ja nosl\u0113gt\u0101 l\u012bguma nosac\u012bjumi, un tie ir piln\u012bgi atsevi\u0161\u0137s dokuments vai atsevi\u0161\u0137a l\u012bguma da\u013ca, kur\u0101 iek\u013cauti saska\u0146otie Incoterms\u00ae noteikumi.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Transporta uz\u0146\u0113mumi parasti pieprasa, lai puse, kas segs pre\u010du p\u0101rvad\u0101\u0161anas izmaksas, atkl\u0101j, kuri Incoterms\u00ae noteikumi ir iek\u013cauti starptautiskaj\u0101 p\u0101rdo\u0161anas l\u012bgum\u0101, lai, pamatojoties uz \u0161o inform\u0101ciju, var\u0113tu sagatavot cenu pied\u0101v\u0101jumu.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"4\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_Customs_Clearance_Export_and_Import\"><\/span>4. Muito\u0161ana (eksports un imports)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Starptautiskaj\u0101 tirdzniec\u012bb\u0101 pre\u010du muito\u0161ana vienm\u0113r tiek veikta eksporta (pre\u010du nos\u016bt\u012b\u0161anas) un importa (pre\u010du sa\u0146em\u0161anas) laik\u0101.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Muito\u0161anas proced\u016bras ietver kravas vien\u012bbas, ko nos\u016bta p\u0101rdev\u0113ja puse, p\u0101rbaudi un pavaddokument\u0101cijas p\u0101rvald\u012bbu.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>P\u0101rdev\u0113ja puse ir ar\u012b t\u0101, kas ir atbild\u012bga par eksporta muito\u0161anas proced\u016bras veik\u0161anu saska\u0146\u0101 ar visiem Incoterms\u00ae noteikumiem, iz\u0146emot EXW (Ex Works) gad\u012bjum\u0101, kad pre\u010du pieg\u0101de tiek veikta griestu puses telp\u0101s.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>T\u0101pat pirc\u0113js uz\u0146emas atbild\u012bbu par importa muito\u0161anas proced\u016bru veik\u0161anu, kad preces ierodas galam\u0113r\u0137a valst\u012b. Tas attiecas ar\u012b uz visiem Incoterms\u00ae noteikumiem, iz\u0146emot noteikumu DDP (Delivered Duty Paid), kura nosac\u012bjumos ir uzsv\u0113rts, ka visas pieg\u0101des izmaksas un riski gulstas uz p\u0101rdodo\u0161o pusi.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"5\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_Insurance_Policies\"><\/span>5. Apdro\u0161in\u0101\u0161anas polises<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Saska\u0146\u0101 ar liel\u0101ko da\u013cu Incoterms\u00ae noteikumu apdro\u0161in\u0101\u0161ana pre\u010du p\u0101rvad\u0101\u0161anai galvenok\u0101rt nav oblig\u0101ta. Vien\u012bgie gad\u012bjumi ir CIF (Cost, Insurance, and Freight) un CIP (Carriage Insurance Paid to), kad p\u0101rdodo\u0161ajai pusei ir pien\u0101kums nosl\u0113gt l\u012bgumu par transporta apdro\u0161in\u0101\u0161anu un apdro\u0161in\u0101\u0161anu pret pre\u010du riskiem vai boj\u0101jumiem, kas rodas pirc\u0113jai pusei.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Abi \u0161ie Incoterms\u00ae noteikumi attiecas uz galveno lo\u0123istikas \u0137\u0113des transporta posmu pre\u010du pieg\u0101d\u0113; vien\u012bg\u0101 at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bba ir t\u0101, ka viens no tiem (CIF) attiecas tikai uz j\u016bras transportu (j\u016bras un iek\u0161zemes \u016bdensce\u013ciem), bet otrs noteikums (CIP) attiecas uz visiem multimod\u0101l\u0101 transporta veidiem (j\u016bras, dzelzce\u013ca, autotransporta, gaisa vai cauru\u013cvadu transportu).<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Jebkur\u0101 gad\u012bjum\u0101 abi pir\u0101ti var (individu\u0101li vai savstarp\u0113ji) vienoties par transporta apdro\u0161in\u0101\u0161anas l\u012bgumu saska\u0146\u0101 ar jebkuru Incoterms\u00ae noteikumu. Tas ir \u013coti ieteicams, jo t\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di var nov\u0113rst da\u017eus riskus, kas vienm\u0113r past\u0101v p\u0101rvad\u0101\u0161anas \u0137\u0113d\u0113.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Transportl\u012bdzek\u013cu apdro\u0161in\u0101\u0161anu var nosl\u0113gt saska\u0146\u0101 ar iepriek\u0161 saska\u0146otiem nosac\u012bjumiem, kas ietverti apdro\u0161in\u0101\u0161anas polis\u0113s. \u0160ajos nosac\u012bjumos var nor\u0101d\u012bt, kura puse apdro\u0161ina preces un sedz riskus atkar\u012bb\u0101 no pieg\u0101des vietas un risku nodo\u0161anas.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Incoterms%C2%AE_2020_Rules_Explained\"><\/span>Incoterms\u00ae 2020 noteikumu skaidrojums<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"959\" height=\"543\" src=\"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/incoterms-chart.png\" alt=\"Diagramma, kur\u0101 izskaidrots katrs Incoterms 2020 noteikumu noteikums\" class=\"wp-image-3764\" srcset=\"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/incoterms-chart.png 959w, https:\/\/moverdb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/incoterms-chart-300x170.png 300w, https:\/\/moverdb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/incoterms-chart-600x340.png 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 959px) 100vw, 959px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\u0160eit m\u0113s s\u012bk\u0101k iztirz\u0101sim katru Incoterms\u00ae 2020 noteikumu un izskaidrosim, ko tie ietver, k\u0101di scen\u0101riji ir vispiem\u0113rot\u0101kie konkr\u0113tiem Incoterms noteikumiem un kuri Incoterms noteikumi ir visizdev\u012bg\u0101kie gan p\u0101rdodo\u0161ajai, gan p\u0113rko\u0161ajai pusei.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Vispirms varat apl\u016bkot turpm\u0101k sniegto tabulu, kur\u0101 skaidri par\u0101d\u012bts, k\u0101das saist\u012bbas ir j\u0101uz\u0146emas vienai no iesaist\u012btaj\u0101m pus\u0113m un saska\u0146\u0101 ar k\u0101du Incoterms\u00ae noteikumu.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-25\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-25 tbody-has-connected-cells\">\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<td rowspan=\"2\" class=\"column-1\"><h6 style=\"text-align:center;\">Pien\u0101kumi attiec\u012bb\u0101 uz pre\u010du pieg\u0101di<\/h6><\/td><td colspan=\"12\" class=\"column-2\"><h5 style=\"text-align:center;\">Incoterms\u00ae 2020 noteikumi<\/h5><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td class=\"column-2\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">EXW<\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">FCA<br \/>\n(izcelsmes vieta)<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">FCA<br \/>\n(saska\u0146ota vieta)<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">FAS<\/td><td class=\"column-6\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">FOB<\/td><td class=\"column-7\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">CFR<\/td><td class=\"column-8\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">CPT<\/td><td class=\"column-9\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">CIF<\/td><td class=\"column-10\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">CIP<\/td><td class=\"column-11\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">DAP<\/td><td class=\"column-12\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">DPU<\/td><td class=\"column-13\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">DDP<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Iepakojums<br \/>\n<br \/>\n<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-6\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-7\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-8\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-9\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-10\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-11\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-12\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-13\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Eksporta izmaksas, kas saist\u012btas ar sertifik\u0101ciju, dokument\u0101ciju u. c.<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-6\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-7\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-8\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-9\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-10\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-11\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-12\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-13\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Pre\u010du iekrau\u0161ana iek\u0161zemes transportam<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-6\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-7\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-8\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-9\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-10\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-11\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-12\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-13\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-6\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Eksporta muito\u0161ana<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-6\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-7\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-8\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-9\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-10\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-11\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-12\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-13\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-7\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Iek\u0161zemes transports<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-6\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-7\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-8\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-9\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-10\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-11\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-12\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-13\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-8\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Transport\u0113\u0161ana uz ostu vai termin\u0101li<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-6\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-7\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-8\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-9\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-10\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-11\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-12\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-13\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-9\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Izcelsmes ostas vai termin\u0101\u013ca izmaksas (nodoklis, THC u. c.)<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-6\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-7\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-8\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-9\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-10\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-11\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-12\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-13\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-10\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Bezmaksas uz kl\u0101ja<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-6\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-7\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-8\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-9\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-10\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-11\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-12\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-13\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-11\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Galvenais transports<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-6\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-7\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-8\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-9\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-10\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-11\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-12\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-13\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-12\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Transporta apdro\u0161in\u0101\u0161ana<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u26ab<\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u26ab<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u26ab<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u26ab<\/td><td class=\"column-6\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u26ab<\/td><td class=\"column-7\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u26ab<\/td><td class=\"column-8\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u26ab<\/td><td class=\"column-9\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-10\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-11\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u26ab<\/td><td class=\"column-12\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u26ab<\/td><td class=\"column-13\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u26ab<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-13\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Izkrau\u0161ana ost\u0101 vai termin\u0101l\u012b<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-6\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-7\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-8\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-9\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-10\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-11\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-12\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-13\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-14\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Galam\u0113r\u0137a ostas vai termin\u0101\u013ca izmaksas (nodoklis, THC u. c.)<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-6\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-7\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-8\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-9\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-10\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-11\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-12\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-13\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-15\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Importa muito\u0161ana<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-6\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-7\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-8\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-9\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-10\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-11\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-12\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-13\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-16\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Transport\u0113\u0161ana no ostas vai termin\u0101\u013ca uz galam\u0113r\u0137i<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-6\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-7\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-8\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-9\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-10\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-11\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-12\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-13\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-17\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Pre\u010du izkrau\u0161ana no gala transporta<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-6\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-7\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-8\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-9\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-10\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-11\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-12\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-13\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-25 from cache -->\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><sup>\u2b1b - p\u0101rdo\u0161anas uz\u0146\u0113mums sedz izdevumus par saist\u012bb\u0101m saska\u0146\u0101 ar nor\u0101d\u012bto noteikumu.<br>\u2b1c - izdevumus par saist\u012bb\u0101m saska\u0146\u0101 ar nor\u0101d\u012bto noteikumu sedz iepirk\u0161anas uz\u0146\u0113mums.<br>\u26ab - transporta apdro\u0161in\u0101\u0161ana nav oblig\u0101ta saska\u0146\u0101 ar nor\u0101d\u012bto noteikumu.<\/sup><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><a href=\"#EXW\">EXW (Ex Works)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#FCA\">FCA (bezmaksas p\u0101rvad\u0101t\u0101js)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#FAS\">FAS (Free Alongside Ship)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#FOB\">FOB (br\u012bvi uz kl\u0101ja)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#CFR\">CFR (izmaksas un frakts)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#CIF\">CIF (izmaksas, apdro\u0161in\u0101\u0161ana un frakts)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#CPT\">CPT (P\u0101rvad\u0101jumi, par kuriem maks\u0101)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#CIP\">CIP (p\u0101rvad\u0101\u0161anas un apdro\u0161in\u0101\u0161anas maks\u0101jums)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#DAP\">DAP (pieg\u0101d\u0101ts uz vietas)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#DPU\">DPU (pieg\u0101de izkrau\u0161anas viet\u0101)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#DDP\">DDP (pieg\u0101d\u0101ts ar nomaks\u0101tu muitas nodokli)<\/a><\/li><\/ol>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"EXW\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_EXW_Ex_Works\"><\/span>1. EXW (Ex Works)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Pirmais no Incoterms\u00ae noteikumiem ir unik\u0101ls vair\u0101ku iemeslu d\u0113\u013c. Tas ir vien\u012bgais noteikums E-noteikumu grup\u0101, jo tas ir vien\u012bgais noteikums, kas paredz pre\u010du pieg\u0101di to izcelsmes viet\u0101. Tas ir ar\u012b noteikums, kas uzliek minim\u0101las saist\u012bbas p\u0101rdodo\u0161ajai pusei, bet galvenok\u0101rt koncentr\u0113jas uz pirc\u0113jas puses saist\u012bbu regul\u0113\u0161anu.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Ex Works noteikums \u013cauj p\u0101rdo\u0161anas pusei izpild\u012bt savas saist\u012bbas, neuzkraujot preces s\u0101kotn\u0113j\u0101 transport\u0101, par ko r\u016bp\u0113jas pirc\u0113ja puse. Lai gan p\u0113c EXW termi\u0146a var sagatavot \u012bpa\u0161u iesp\u0113ju ar nor\u0101di \"LOADED\", kas noz\u012bm\u0113, ka p\u0101rdodo\u0161ais uz\u0146\u0113mums piekr\u012bt iekraut preces s\u0101kotn\u0113j\u0101 transportl\u012bdzekl\u012b.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>P\u0101rdev\u0113ja pien\u0101kums ir iepakot un mar\u0137\u0113t preces, k\u0101 ar\u012b izsniegt pirc\u0113jam p\u0101rdo\u0161anas apliecin\u0101jumu.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Lai g\u016btu labumu no EXW noteikuma, m\u0113s iesak\u0101m pirc\u0113jiem nodro\u0161in\u0101t, ka, nom\u0101jot transporta l\u012bdzekli, tiek iek\u013cauta iekrau\u0161ana, lai izvair\u012btos no nevajadz\u012bgiem starpgad\u012bjumiem.&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>EXW ir piem\u0113rots \u012bs\u0101kiem att\u0101lumiem starp s\u0101kotn\u0113jo un gal\u012bgo galam\u0113r\u0137i, ja preces tiek p\u0101rvad\u0101tas maz\u0101k\u0101s krav\u0101s vai paku s\u016bt\u012bjumos.&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><strong>EXW galvenie raksturlielumi<\/strong>:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Pieg\u0101des vieta<\/strong>: Pieg\u0101des vieta var b\u016bt p\u0101rdev\u0113ja uz\u0146\u0113muma telpas vai cita izraudz\u012bta vieta, kas nor\u0101d\u012bta starptautiskaj\u0101 p\u0101rdo\u0161anas l\u012bgum\u0101 (piem\u0113ram, noliktava, izplat\u012b\u0161anas platforma, r\u016bpn\u012bca, noliktava utt.);<\/li><li><strong>Risku nodo\u0161anas vieta<\/strong>: P\u0101rdev\u0113ja uz\u0146\u0113muma telpas ir ar\u012b riska nodo\u0161anas vieta;<\/li><li><strong>Transporta veidi<\/strong>: P\u0113c pre\u010du sa\u0146em\u0161anas pirc\u0113js ir atbild\u012bgs par to transport\u0113\u0161anu l\u012bdz galam\u0113r\u0137im. Saska\u0146\u0101 ar \u0161o noteikumu transport\u0113\u0161ana var b\u016bt multimod\u0101la (pa j\u016bru, dzelzce\u013cu, autoce\u013ciem vai gaisu);<\/li><li><strong>Muito\u0161ana<\/strong>: P\u0113c nepiecie\u0161am\u0101s dokument\u0101cijas sa\u0146em\u0161anas no p\u0101rdev\u0113ja pirc\u0113js ir atbild\u012bgs par eksporta un importa muito\u0161anas proced\u016bru veik\u0161anu. Ja pieg\u0101des mar\u0161ruts \u0161\u0137\u0113rso vair\u0101kas valstis, tranz\u012bta proced\u016bras ar\u012b ir pirc\u0113ja pien\u0101kums;<\/li><li><strong>Transporta apdro\u0161in\u0101\u0161ana<\/strong>: T\u0101 k\u0101 visa pre\u010du transport\u0113\u0161ana, t\u0101s riski un izmaksas gulstas uz pirc\u0113ja pleciem, tas pats var izlemt, vai vi\u0146\u0161 v\u0113las apdro\u0161in\u0101t savu kravas vien\u012bbu pret riskiem\/boj\u0101jumiem transport\u0113\u0161anas laik\u0101.<\/li><\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">EXW (Ex Works) paraugprakse<\/h4>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>M\u016bsu pietic\u012bgais viedoklis par EXW (Ex Works) Incoterm ir t\u0101ds, ka tas ir vair\u0101k piem\u0113rots iek\u0161zemes tirdzniec\u012bbai, nevis starptautiskajai tirdzniec\u012bbai. Visbie\u017e\u0101k t\u0101 tiek izmantota kurjeru s\u016bt\u012bjumu sa\u0146em\u0161anai, kad nol\u012bgtais kurjers ir atbild\u012bgs par visu, s\u0101kot no iekrau\u0161anas l\u012bdz transport\u0113\u0161anai un izkrau\u0161anai galam\u0113r\u0137\u012b.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>T\u0101 k\u0101 liel\u0101k\u0101 atbild\u012bbas da\u013ca gulstas uz pirc\u0113ja pusi, m\u0113s iesak\u0101m ikvienam, kas piekr\u012bt EXW noteikumam, nol\u012bgt uzticamu pakalpojumu sniedz\u0113ju. <a href=\"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/lv\/freight-forwarder\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"17\" title=\"Starptautisko ekspeditoru un NVOCC starptautisko izmaksu un uz\u0146\u0113mumu ce\u013cvedis\">kravas ekspeditors<\/a> veikt visu lo\u0123istikas \u0137\u0113d\u0113 un samazin\u0101t riskus un papildu izmaksas.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"FCA\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_FCA_Free_Carrier\"><\/span>2. FCA (bezmaksas p\u0101rvad\u0101t\u0101js)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Bezmaksas p\u0101rvad\u0101t\u0101js - FCA ir pirmais no trim F Incoterms\u00ae noteikumiem un vien\u012bgais \u0161\u012bs grupas noteikums, kas attiecas uz multimod\u0101liem p\u0101rvad\u0101jumiem.&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Ja p\u0101rdev\u0113ja un pirc\u0113ja puse vienojas nor\u0113\u0137in\u0101ties par starptautisko p\u0101rdo\u0161anas l\u012bgumu saska\u0146\u0101 ar \u0161o noteikumu, p\u0101rdev\u0113ja puse uz\u0146emas atbild\u012bbu par pre\u010du pieg\u0101di l\u012bdz vietai, kur s\u0101kas lo\u0123istikas \u0137\u0113des galvenais transporta posms.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>At\u0161\u0137ir\u012bb\u0101 no daudziem Incoterms\u00ae noteikumiem, FCA noteikumi nodro\u0161ina liel\u0101ku elast\u012bbu, lemjot par pieg\u0101des vietu. P\u0101rdev\u0113js un pirc\u0113js var izv\u0113l\u0113ties starp p\u0101rdev\u0113ja izcelsmes vietu (t\u0101 telpas, kas var ietvert noliktavas, izplat\u012b\u0161anas platformas, r\u016bpn\u012bcas, noliktavas u. c.) vai nor\u0101d\u012btu vietu, kur preces tiks nodotas, lai s\u0101ktu savu galveno ce\u013cu (j\u016bras vai iek\u0161zemes osta, gaisa kravu termin\u0101lis, dzelzce\u013ca konteineru termin\u0101lis, ekspeditora noliktava u. c.).<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Saska\u0146\u0101 ar \u0161o noteikumu pirc\u0113ja pien\u0101kums ir nol\u012bgt p\u0101rvad\u0101t\u0101ju galvenajam pre\u010du transportam un segt t\u0101 izmaksas un riskus.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Saska\u0146\u0101 ar \u0161o noteikumu ir skaidrs ar\u012b tas, ka tie\u0161i p\u0101rdodo\u0161ajai pusei ir j\u0101veic pre\u010du muito\u0161ana eksportam un j\u0101sedz eksporta sertifik\u0101cijas un dokument\u0101cijas izmaksas.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><strong>FCA galvenie raksturlielumi<\/strong>:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Pieg\u0101des vieta<\/strong>: Ja norun\u0101t\u0101 vieta ir izcelsmes vieta, tad p\u0101rdev\u0113ja pusei ir pien\u0101kums iekraut preces pirc\u0113ja nol\u012bgtaj\u0101 transportl\u012bdzekl\u012b. Ja norun\u0101t\u0101 pieg\u0101des vieta ir cita nor\u0101d\u012bta vieta, p\u0101rdev\u0113ja puse ir atbild\u012bga par pre\u010du iekrau\u0161anu un pieg\u0101di ar iek\u0161zemes transportu, nodro\u0161inot, ka preces var izkraut pirc\u0113jas puses nol\u012bgts un apmaks\u0101ts p\u0101rvad\u0101t\u0101js;<\/li><li><strong>Risku nodo\u0161anas vieta<\/strong>: Atkar\u012bb\u0101 no pieg\u0101des vietas riska nodo\u0161anas vieta var b\u016bt vai nu p\u0101rdev\u0113ja telpas, vai ar\u012b nor\u0101d\u012bt\u0101 vieta, kur preces tiek izkrautas no p\u0101rdev\u0113ja transportl\u012bdzek\u013ca;<\/li><li><strong>Transporta veidi<\/strong>: FCA noteikums paredz, ka ab\u0101m pus\u0113m ir pieejams multimod\u0101ls transports (j\u016bras, dzelzce\u013ca, autotransporta vai gaisa transports) - neatkar\u012bgi no t\u0101, vai tas ir p\u0101rdodo\u0161\u0101s puses iek\u0161zemes transports vai pirc\u0113jas puses galvenais transports;<\/li><li><strong>Muito\u0161ana<\/strong>: At\u0161\u0137ir\u012bb\u0101 no EXW noteikuma, kur visas muito\u0161anas proced\u016bras veica pirc\u0113ja puse, saska\u0146\u0101 ar FCA noteikumu par eksporta muito\u0161anas proced\u016bru r\u016bp\u0113ties ir p\u0101rdev\u0113jas puses pien\u0101kums. Importa un nodo\u0161anas muito\u0161ana ir pirc\u0113ja atbild\u012bba;<\/li><li><strong>Transporta apdro\u0161in\u0101\u0161ana<\/strong>: Saska\u0146\u0101 ar \u0161o noteikumu liel\u0101k\u0101 atbild\u012bbas da\u013ca gulstas uz pirc\u0113ju, ta\u010du nevienai no pus\u0113m nav pien\u0101kuma apdro\u0161in\u0101t transportu.<\/li><\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">FCA (bezmaksas p\u0101rvad\u0101t\u0101ja) lab\u0101k\u0101 prakse<\/h4>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Tas b\u016btu pa\u0161saprotami, bet m\u0113s j\u016btamies spiesti atz\u012bm\u0113t, ka pirc\u0113jam un p\u0101rdev\u0113jam ir r\u016bp\u012bgi j\u0101apsprie\u017e prec\u012bzas pieg\u0101des vietas izv\u0113le. Tas ir \u012bpa\u0161i svar\u012bgi pirc\u0113jam, jo tie\u0161i \u0161aj\u0101 viet\u0101 notiek risku nodo\u0161ana.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>V\u0113l viens iev\u0113r\u012bbas cien\u012bgs aspekts ir tas, ka FCA noteikums ir piem\u0113rots kravu p\u0101rvad\u0101\u0161anai konteineros j\u016bras p\u0101rvad\u0101jumos vai kravas automa\u0161\u012bn\u0101s autotransporta p\u0101rvad\u0101jumos.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"FAS\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_FAS_Free_Alongside_Ship\"><\/span>3. FAS (Free Alongside Ship)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Otrais F noteikumu grupas noteikums ir FAS noteikums - Free Alongside Ship - pirmais Incoterms\u00ae noteikums, kas izstr\u0101d\u0101ts, lai regul\u0113tu starptautisk\u0101s j\u016bras tirdzniec\u012bbas dar\u012bjumus.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\u0160o noteikumu var izmantot ikreiz, kad pirc\u0113ja puse nom\u0101 ku\u0123i, lai veiktu pre\u010du pieg\u0101di lo\u0123istikas \u0137\u0113des galvenaj\u0101 transport\u0113\u0161anas posm\u0101. T\u0101p\u0113c FAS noteikumu var izmantot tikai p\u0101rvad\u0101jumiem, kas notiek pa j\u016bru vai iek\u0161\u0113jiem \u016bdensce\u013ciem.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>P\u0101rdev\u0113ja pien\u0101kumi \u0161aj\u0101 gad\u012bjum\u0101 ietver ar\u012b pre\u010du transport\u0113\u0161anu uz salas l\u012bdz piest\u0101tnei, kur pirc\u0113ja iznom\u0101tais ku\u0123is pie\u0146ems preces, t\u0101p\u0113c ar\u012b t\u0101 nosaukums ir \"blakusku\u0123is\". P\u0101rdev\u0113jam ir j\u0101pieg\u0101d\u0101 preces norun\u0101taj\u0101 datum\u0101 un laik\u0101 un j\u0101iesniedz pirc\u0113jam attiec\u012bgie j\u016bras\/ostas dokumenti, kas apliecina pieg\u0101di.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>P\u0113c pirc\u0113ja ieskatiem.<strong> pre\u010du pavadz\u012bme<\/strong>, kas ir kv\u012bts, kur\u0101 dokument\u0101ri nor\u0101d\u012btas preces, kuras tiks iekrautas ku\u0123\u012b, lai t\u0101s nos\u016bt\u012btu, var sa\u0146emt ar p\u0101rdev\u0113ja pal\u012bdz\u012bbu.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\u012as\u0101k sakot, p\u0101rdo\u0161anas puses pien\u0101kumos ietilpst iesai\u0146o\u0161ana, mar\u0137\u0113\u0161ana, eksporta at\u013caujas sa\u0146em\u0161ana, iekrau\u0161ana, pre\u010du transport\u0113\u0161ana uz attiec\u012bgo kravas piest\u0101tni vai termin\u0101lu un izkrau\u0161ana.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><strong>FAS galvenie raksturlielumi<\/strong>:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Pieg\u0101des vieta<\/strong>: Kravas piest\u0101tne vai ostas termin\u0101lis, ko nor\u0101d\u012bjusi pirc\u0113ja puse, blakus pirc\u0113ja iznom\u0101tajam ku\u0123im starptautiskaj\u0101 p\u0101rdo\u0161anas l\u012bgum\u0101 nor\u0101d\u012btaj\u0101 datum\u0101 un laik\u0101;<\/li><li><strong>Risku nodo\u0161anas vieta<\/strong>: Tas pats, kas pieg\u0101des vieta - tikl\u012bdz preces tiek izkrautas no p\u0101rdev\u0113ja transporta l\u012bdzek\u013ca un atbilsto\u0161\u0101 dokument\u0101cija tiek nodota pirc\u0113ja puses p\u0101rst\u0101vim, tiek uzskat\u012bts, ka riski p\u0101riet pirc\u0113ja pus\u0113;<\/li><li><strong>Transporta veidi<\/strong>: FAS noteikumu izmanto tikai tad, ja tiek izmantots j\u016bras transports (\u0123ener\u0101lkravu ku\u0123i, daudzfunkcion\u0101li ku\u0123i, naftas tankku\u0123i, ku\u0123i, kas p\u0101rvad\u0101 rito\u0161\u0101 sast\u0101va transportl\u012bdzek\u013cus, beramkravu ku\u0123i u. c.).<\/li><li><strong>Muito\u0161ana<\/strong>: Saska\u0146\u0101 ar FAS noteikumiem pien\u0101kums r\u016bp\u0113ties par eksporta muito\u0161anas proced\u016bru ir p\u0101rdev\u0113jam. Importa muito\u0161anas un nodo\u0161anas formalit\u0101\u0161u k\u0101rto\u0161ana ir pirc\u0113ja atbild\u012bba;<\/li><li><strong>Transporta apdro\u0161in\u0101\u0161ana<\/strong>: T\u0101pat k\u0101 FCA noteikums, ar\u012b FAS noteikums paredz, ka pirc\u0113ja interes\u0113s ir ieg\u0101d\u0101ties transporta apdro\u0161in\u0101\u0161anu, ta\u010du praks\u0113 nevienai pusei nav ierobe\u017eojumu ieg\u0101d\u0101ties transporta apdro\u0161in\u0101\u0161anu.<\/li><\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">FAS (Free Alongside Ship) paraugprakse<\/h4>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>T\u0101 k\u0101 preces tiek pieg\u0101d\u0101tas turpat blakus pirc\u0113ja nol\u012bgtajam ku\u0123im, FAS noteikums nav vispiem\u0113rot\u0101kais, ja runa ir par konteinerkravu pieg\u0101di, jo ku\u0123o\u0161anas konteineri tiek novietoti un uzglab\u0101ti tikai noteikt\u0101s viet\u0101s.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Pirc\u0113jiem ieteicams izmantot FAS noteikumu, ja tie ieg\u0101d\u0101jas neiesai\u0146otas preces, transportl\u012bdzek\u013cus, smago tehniku, ra\u017eo\u0161anas l\u012bdzek\u013cus, lielus apjomus un citas l\u012bdz\u012bgi iepakotas preces.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Pirc\u0113jam, izv\u0113loties \u0161o noteikumu, ir nepiecie\u0161ama r\u016bp\u012bga nov\u0113ro\u0161ana, jo \"l\u012bdztekus\" termins var ietvert vair\u0101kas pel\u0113k\u0101s zonas, ja rodas str\u012bds.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"FOB\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_FOB_Free_on_Board\"><\/span>4. FOB (Free on Board)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Papla\u0161inot FAS noteikumu, FOB Incoterms\u00ae noteikums (Free on Board) ir tre\u0161ais un p\u0113d\u0113jais no F noteikumiem.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Tas ir v\u0113l viens noteikums, kas regul\u0113 j\u016bras p\u0101rvad\u0101jumus (pa j\u016bru un iek\u0161zemes \u016bdensce\u013ciem), un tas paredz v\u0113l vienu pien\u0101kumu, kas p\u0101rdo\u0161anas pusei ir liel\u0101ks nek\u0101 FAS noteikums, proti, pieg\u0101d\u0101t pieg\u0101d\u0101jam\u0101s preces iekraut pirc\u0113jas puses nol\u012bgtaj\u0101 ku\u0123\u012b.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\u0160\u0101di r\u012bkojoties, p\u0101rdev\u0113ja puse pati ieg\u016bst konosamentu, un t\u0101d\u0113\u013c tai ir pien\u0101kums to iesniegt uz\u0146\u0113mumam, kas to p\u0113rk, lai gan tas ir iznom\u0101jis kravas transportu.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\u0160o dokument\u0101ciju ieg\u016bst p\u0113c pirc\u0113ja l\u016bguma, un p\u0101rdev\u0113jam ir pien\u0101kums pal\u012bdz\u0113t to piepras\u012bt. Tom\u0113r ar \u0161o pien\u0101kumu saist\u012bt\u0101s izmaksas un riskus joproj\u0101m sedz pirc\u0113ja puse.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>T\u0101tad, lai gan pirc\u0113js maks\u0101 par pre\u010du iekrau\u0161anu un novieto\u0161anu uz vi\u0146a rezerv\u0113t\u0101 ku\u0123a, \u0161aj\u0101 posm\u0101 risku joproj\u0101m uz\u0146emas p\u0101rdev\u0113ja puse.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>FOB noteikumu bie\u017ei izmanto beramkravu p\u0101rvad\u0101jumos, un tam bie\u017ei pievieno papildin\u0101jumus, piem\u0113ram, \"STOWED\" vai \"STOWED and TRIMMED\", kas apz\u012bm\u0113, ka preces ir pien\u0101c\u012bgi iekrautas uz ku\u0123a, izl\u012bdzin\u0101tas un nostiprin\u0101tas.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><strong>FOB galvenie raksturlielumi<\/strong>:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Pieg\u0101des vieta<\/strong>: Preces tiek uzskat\u012btas par pieg\u0101d\u0101t\u0101m p\u0113c tam, kad t\u0101s ir transport\u0113tas un iekrautas pirc\u0113ja rezerv\u0113taj\u0101 ku\u0123\u012b nor\u0101d\u012btaj\u0101 l\u012bc\u012b vai ostas termin\u0101l\u012b un noteiktaj\u0101 datum\u0101 un laik\u0101;<\/li><li><strong>Risku nodo\u0161anas vieta<\/strong>: Saska\u0146\u0101 ar FOB noteikumu parakst\u012btaj\u0101 starptautiskaj\u0101 pirkuma l\u012bgum\u0101 pre\u010du riska nodo\u0161ana p\u0101riet no p\u0101rdev\u0113ja uz pirc\u0113ju, kad preces tiek iekrautas ku\u0123\u012b;<\/li><li><strong>Transporta veidi<\/strong>: FOB izmanto tikai j\u016bras p\u0101rvad\u0101jumiem pa j\u016bru un iek\u0161\u0113jiem \u016bdensce\u013ciem (\u0123ener\u0101lkravu ku\u0123i, daudzfunkcion\u0101li ku\u0123i, sauskravu p\u0101rvad\u0101t\u0101ji u. c.).<\/li><li><strong>Muito\u0161ana<\/strong>: T\u0101pat k\u0101 FAS noteikum\u0101 - par eksporta muito\u0161anas proced\u016bras veik\u0161anu ir atbild\u012bga p\u0101rdev\u0113ja puse. Par importa muito\u0161anu un p\u0101rve\u0161anas muito\u0161anu ir atbild\u012bga pirc\u0113ja puse;<\/li><li><strong>Transporta apdro\u0161in\u0101\u0161ana<\/strong>: Visi F-noteikumu grupas noteikumi neparedz, ka pirc\u0113jam un p\u0101rdev\u0113jam ir pien\u0101kums apdro\u0161in\u0101t preces pret boj\u0101jumu un zaud\u0113jumu risku to pieg\u0101des un transport\u0113\u0161anas laik\u0101.<\/li><\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Lab\u0101k\u0101 prakse FOB (Free on Board) jom\u0101<\/h4>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Pirk\u0161ana p\u0113c FOB noteikuma ir vispiem\u0113rot\u0101k\u0101, ja j\u016bs str\u0101d\u0101jat ar saus\u0101m vai beramkrav\u0101m, piem\u0113ram, graudiem, kokmateri\u0101liem, t\u0113raudu, spir\u0101l\u0113m, caurul\u0113m, smago apr\u012bkojumu vai visp\u0101r\u0113j\u0101m krav\u0101m, kas iepakotas kast\u0113s, maisos, \u0137\u012bp\u0101s, muc\u0101s utt.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>T\u0101pat k\u0101 FAS noteikum\u0101, konteinerus konteinerku\u0123os iekrauj p\u0101rvad\u0101t\u0101ji vai ostas iek\u0101rtas, t\u0101p\u0113c \u0161im kravas veidam FOB noteikums nav piem\u0113rots. No F noteikumiem FCA noteikums ir vispiem\u0113rot\u0101kais, lai regul\u0113tu konteinerkravu p\u0101rvad\u0101jumus.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"CFR\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_CFR_Cost_and_Freight\"><\/span>5. CFR (izmaksas un frakts)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Incoterms\u00ae noteikumu C grup\u0101 attiec\u012bb\u0101 uz risku nodo\u0161anu un pre\u010du pieg\u0101di iev\u0113ro t\u0101du pa\u0161u praksi k\u0101 E un F noteikumos. T\u0101s visas notiek izcelsmes valst\u012b.&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>At\u0161\u0137ir\u012bbas ir attiec\u012bb\u0101 uz pien\u0101kumiem, kas p\u0101rdo\u0161anas pusei ir saist\u012bb\u0101 ar galveno transportu - saska\u0146\u0101 ar C noteikumiem p\u0101rdo\u0161anas puse sedz pre\u010du galven\u0101 transporta izmaksas.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Pirmais no \u0161iem noteikumiem - CFR (Cost and Freight) noteikums - paredz nor\u0101d\u012bjumus starptautiskaj\u0101 pirkuma l\u012bgum\u0101, ja galvenais pre\u010du p\u0101rvad\u0101jums tiek veikts, izmantojot j\u016bras transportu.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>P\u0101rdev\u0113ja pien\u0101kumos ietilpst pre\u010du iepako\u0161ana un mar\u0137\u0113\u0161ana, pre\u010du iekrau\u0161ana iek\u0161zemes transportam un izkrau\u0161ana uz kravas ku\u0123a, ko \u0161\u012b puse ir iepriek\u0161 rezerv\u0113jusi.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Pirc\u0113jas puses saist\u012bbas ats\u0101kas, kad preces ierodas t\u0101s nor\u0101d\u012btaj\u0101 ost\u0101. T\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di t\u0101m ir j\u0101izkrauj preces no ku\u0123a, j\u0101samaks\u0101 nepiecie\u0161am\u0101s ostas nodevas, t\u0101s j\u0101noform\u0113 importa muit\u0101, j\u0101p\u0101rved preces un j\u0101izkrauj galapunkt\u0101.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Ir iesp\u0113jams ar\u012b pan\u0101kt, ka p\u0101rdev\u0113ja puse piekr\u012bt apmaks\u0101t pre\u010du izkrau\u0161anu galam\u0113r\u0137a ost\u0101. Tas ir skaidri j\u0101nor\u0101da p\u0101rdo\u0161anas l\u012bgum\u0101 ar CFR papla\u0161in\u0101jumu \"LANDED\".<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><strong>CFR galvenie raksturlielumi<\/strong>:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Pieg\u0101des vieta<\/strong>: Lai gan p\u0101rdev\u0113ja puse sedz galven\u0101 transporta izmaksas l\u012bdz galam\u0113r\u0137a ostai galam\u0113r\u0137a valst\u012b, par pre\u010du pieg\u0101des vietu tiek uzskat\u012bta vieta, kur preces tiek iekrautas ku\u0123o\u0161anas ku\u0123\u012b izcelsmes valst\u012b;<\/li><li><strong>Risku nodo\u0161anas vieta<\/strong>: Tas pats, kas pieg\u0101des vieta - tikl\u012bdz preces tiek iekrautas ku\u0123o\u0161anas ku\u0123\u012b, saist\u012btie riski tiek uzskat\u012bti par nodotiem;<\/li><li><strong>Transporta veidi<\/strong>: Izmaksu un kravas p\u0101rvad\u0101jumu noteikums tiek izmantots tikai pre\u010du p\u0101rvad\u0101jumiem, izmantojot j\u016bras transportu (\u0123ener\u0101lkravu ku\u0123i, daudzfunkcion\u0101li ku\u0123i, naftas tankku\u0123i, roll-on\/roll-off ku\u0123i (transportl\u012bdzek\u013cu p\u0101rvad\u0101\u0161anai)), <a href=\"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/lv\/top-10-largest-container-ships-in-2022\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"84\" title=\"10 liel\u0101kie konteinerku\u0123i 2026. gad\u0101\">konteineru ku\u0123i<\/a>, beramkravu ku\u0123i u. c.);<\/li><li><strong>Muito\u0161ana<\/strong>: Saska\u0146\u0101 ar CFR noteikumu p\u0101rdev\u0113ja pusei ir pien\u0101kums r\u016bp\u0113ties par eksporta muito\u0161anas proced\u016bru. Importa muito\u0161anas un nodo\u0161anas formalit\u0101\u0161u k\u0101rto\u0161ana ir pirc\u0113ja atbild\u012bba;<\/li><li><strong>Transporta apdro\u0161in\u0101\u0161ana<\/strong>: Saska\u0146\u0101 ar CFR noteikumiem iev\u0113rojama da\u013ca risku gulstas uz pirc\u0113ju, t\u0101p\u0113c tas pats var izlemt, vai v\u0113las apdro\u0161in\u0101t savu kravas vien\u012bbu pret zaud\u0113jumiem vai boj\u0101jumiem p\u0101rvad\u0101\u0161anas laik\u0101. T\u0101pat k\u0101 visi iepriek\u0161\u0113jie noteikumi, ar\u012b CFR noteikums neuzliek par pien\u0101kumu ne p\u0101rdev\u0113jam, ne pirc\u0113jam ieg\u0101d\u0101ties transporta apdro\u0161in\u0101\u0161anu.<\/li><\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Lab\u0101k\u0101 prakse CFR (izmaksas un kravu p\u0101rvad\u0101jumi)<\/h4>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>P\u0101rdev\u0113jai pusei, kas piekr\u012bt segt galven\u0101 transporta izmaksas saska\u0146\u0101 ar CFR noteikumu, ir j\u0101saprot j\u0113dzieni \"br\u012bva iekrau\u0161anas\/izkrau\u0161anas laiks\" un \"demurrage\".<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Br\u012bvas iekrau\u0161anas\/izkrau\u0161anas laiks ir laiks, ko ku\u0123is atv\u0113l beramkravu vai beramkravu kravas iekrau\u0161anai vai izkrau\u0161anai no ku\u0123a. Ja \u0161is laiks tiek p\u0101rk\u0101pts, var n\u0101kties maks\u0101t maksu, ko sauc par demurrage, pusei, kas p\u0101rvalda izmantoto termin\u0101li, vai ku\u0123a p\u0101rvad\u0101t\u0101jam.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>No otras puses, pirc\u0113jam j\u0101\u0146em v\u0113r\u0101, ka gad\u012bjum\u0101, ja \u012bpa\u0161os apst\u0101k\u013cos (piem\u0113ram, sliktu laikapst\u0101k\u013cu d\u0113\u013c) krava ir j\u0101p\u0101rkrauj uz citu ku\u0123i, par t\u0101l\u0101kp\u0101rkrau\u0161anas izmaks\u0101m ir atbild\u012bgs pirc\u0113js.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Visbeidzot, lai gan konteinerkravu var ieg\u0101d\u0101ties, izmantojot izmaksu un frakts noteikumu, piem\u0113rot\u0101ka iesp\u0113ja ir izmantot CPT (Carriage Paid to) noteikumu.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"CIF\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"6_CIF_Cost_Insurance_and_Freight\"><\/span>6. CIF (Cost, Insurance, and Freight - izmaksas, apdro\u0161in\u0101\u0161ana un frakts)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>CIF Incoterms\u00ae noteikumam (Cost, Insurance, and Freight), kas praktiski uzliek t\u0101das pa\u0161as saist\u012bbas k\u0101 CFR noteikums, ir v\u0113l viena pras\u012bba p\u0101rdev\u0113jam. Tas ir pirmais noteikums \u0161aj\u0101 sarakst\u0101, kas paredz, ka p\u0101rdodo\u0161ajai pusei ir j\u0101sa\u0146em apdro\u0161in\u0101\u0161ana pre\u010du transport\u0113\u0161anai lo\u0123istikas \u0137\u0113des galvenaj\u0101 posm\u0101.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>T\u0101pat k\u0101 CFR noteikums, ar\u012b \u0161is noteikums ir piem\u0113rojams tikai j\u016bras kravu p\u0101rvad\u0101jumiem (pa j\u016bru un iek\u0161\u0113jiem \u016bdensce\u013ciem). Ar\u012b p\u0101r\u0113jie nosac\u012bjumi ir t\u0101di pa\u0161i - CIF noteikums paredz, ka p\u0101rdodo\u0161ajai pusei ir j\u0101uz\u0146emas r\u016bpes par kravas p\u0101rvad\u0101\u0161anas izmaks\u0101m pirc\u0113jai pusei un j\u0101nodro\u0161ina pre\u010du transport\u0113\u0161ana l\u012bdz galam\u0113r\u0137a ostai.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Tur preces var izkraut no ku\u0123o\u0161anas ku\u0123a, ja abas puses par to vienojas sav\u0101 starptautiskaj\u0101 p\u0101rdo\u0161anas l\u012bgum\u0101, papla\u0161inot CIF noteikumu ar terminu \"IZKRAUTAS\".<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Saska\u0146\u0101 ar \u0161\u0101da veida regul\u0113jumu p\u0101rdev\u0113jam ir j\u0101nodro\u0161ina, lai konosaments b\u016btu viegli pieejams pirc\u0113jam, jo \u0161is dokuments tam ir nepiecie\u0161ams, p\u0101r\u0146emot preces galam\u0113r\u0137a ost\u0101.&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Konosamentam j\u0101b\u016bt ar\u012b apgroz\u0101mam, t. i., tam j\u0101nodro\u0161ina iesp\u0113ja pirc\u0113jam p\u0101rdot preces, v\u0113l pirms t\u0101s sasniedz galam\u0113r\u0137a ostu (v\u0113l tranz\u012bta laik\u0101).<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><strong>CIF galvenie raksturlielumi<\/strong>:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Pieg\u0101des vieta<\/strong>: L\u012bdz\u012bgi k\u0101 CFR noteikum\u0101, preces tiek uzskat\u012btas par pieg\u0101d\u0101t\u0101m, tikl\u012bdz t\u0101s tiek iekrautas ku\u0123\u012b izcelsmes valst\u012b, lai gan visas izmaksas par galveno transportu un t\u0101 apdro\u0161in\u0101\u0161anas pr\u0113miju sedz p\u0101rdev\u0113js;<\/li><li><strong>Risku nodo\u0161anas vieta<\/strong>: Riski tiek nodoti ar\u012b tad, kad preces tiek pie\u0146emtas par pieg\u0101d\u0101t\u0101m (iekrautas ku\u0123o\u0161anas ku\u0123\u012b);<\/li><li><strong>Transporta veidi<\/strong>: Noteikumu par izmaks\u0101m, apdro\u0161in\u0101\u0161anu un frakt\u0113\u0161anu izmanto tikai pre\u010du p\u0101rvad\u0101jumiem, izmantojot j\u016bras transportu (\u0123ener\u0101lkravu ku\u0123i, daudzfunkcion\u0101li ku\u0123i, naftas tankku\u0123i, roll-on\/roll-off ku\u0123i (transportl\u012bdzek\u013cu p\u0101rvad\u0101\u0161anai), konteinerku\u0123i, beramkravu ku\u0123i utt.);<\/li><li><strong>Muito\u0161ana<\/strong>: Saska\u0146\u0101 ar CIF noteikumu pien\u0101kums veikt eksporta muito\u0161anas proced\u016bru ir p\u0101rdev\u0113jam. Importa muitas un p\u0101rve\u0161anas formalit\u0101\u0161u k\u0101rto\u0161ana ir pirc\u0113ja atbild\u012bba;<\/li><li><strong>Transporta apdro\u0161in\u0101\u0161ana<\/strong>: At\u0161\u0137ir\u012bb\u0101 no visiem iepriek\u0161\u0113jiem noteikumiem CIF noteikums paredz, ka p\u0101rdev\u0113ja pusei ir j\u0101izv\u0113las pilna apdro\u0161in\u0101\u0161anas polises pr\u0113mija, kas apdro\u0161ina kravu t\u0101s tranz\u012bta laik\u0101. Polisei j\u0101nodro\u0161ina, ka zaud\u0113jumu vai boj\u0101jumu gad\u012bjum\u0101 pirc\u0113jam tiks izmaks\u0101ta vismaz 110% no kravas pilnas cenas. Papildu 10% ir paredz\u0113ti, pie\u0146emot, ka t\u0101 ir minim\u0101l\u0101 pe\u013c\u0146a, ko pirc\u0113js var\u0113tu g\u016bt no apdro\u0161in\u0101t\u0101s kravas.<\/li><\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">CIF (izmaksu, apdro\u0161in\u0101\u0161anas un kravas p\u0101rvad\u0101jumu) lab\u0101k\u0101 prakse<\/h4>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"563\" src=\"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Incoterms-2.jpg\" alt=\"Incoterms\" class=\"wp-image-3775\" srcset=\"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Incoterms-2.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/moverdb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Incoterms-2-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/moverdb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Incoterms-2-600x338.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Apdro\u0161in\u0101\u0161anas komp\u0101nijas parasti pied\u0101v\u0101 tikai apdro\u0161in\u0101\u0161anas pr\u0113miju, ko par preces transport\u0113\u0161anu maks\u0101 p\u0101rdev\u0113ja puse, un bie\u017ei vien ar to var nepietikt. T\u0101p\u0113c pirc\u0113jam ieteicams apspriest apdro\u0161in\u0101\u0161anas polises papla\u0161in\u0101\u0161anu ar liel\u0101ku segumu. T\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di pirc\u0113jam b\u016btu j\u0101kompens\u0113 papildu izmaksas par to.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>T\u0101pat k\u0101 saska\u0146\u0101 ar CFR noteikumu, ar\u012b saska\u0146\u0101 ar CIF noteikumu var p\u0101rvad\u0101t visu veidu kravas. Tom\u0113r, t\u0101 k\u0101 pre\u010du p\u0101rvad\u0101jumi tiek veikti tikai ar j\u016bras vai iek\u0161zemes \u016bdensce\u013cu ku\u0123iem, konteinerkravas nav ieteicams izmantot saska\u0146\u0101 ar \u0161o noteikumu. \u0160aj\u0101 gad\u012bjum\u0101 lab\u0101ks risin\u0101jums ir CPT noteikums, jo tas nodro\u0161ina liel\u0101ku br\u012bv\u012bbu attiec\u012bb\u0101 uz transporta veidiem.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"CPT\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"7_CPT_Carriage_Paid_to\"><\/span>7. CPT (Carriage Paid to)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Saska\u0146\u0101 ar CPT noteikumu (Carriage Paid to) gan p\u0101rdev\u0113ja, gan pirc\u0113ja puse var vienoties, ka pre\u010du galam\u0113r\u0137is var b\u016bt jebkura vieta ce\u013c\u0101 no p\u0101rdev\u0113ja telp\u0101m uz pirc\u0113ja telp\u0101m.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>T\u0101pat k\u0101 CIF un CFR noteikumos, ar\u012b CPT noteikum\u0101 noteikts, ka par visu transport\u0113\u0161anu l\u012bdz pirc\u0113ja nor\u0101d\u012btajam pre\u010du galam\u0113r\u0137im ir atbild\u012bga p\u0101rdev\u0113ja puse, kas sedz visas ar \u0161o posmu saist\u012bt\u0101s izmaksas. L\u012bdz\u012bgi ar\u012b riska nodo\u0161anas posm\u0101 tiek izmantota t\u0101da pati pieeja.&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Ta\u010du at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bb\u0101 no CIF un CFR noteikumiem, kas regul\u0113 tikai j\u016bras satiksmi, saska\u0146\u0101 ar CPT noteikumiem, nom\u0101jot p\u0101rvad\u0101jumus, var izmantot visus transporta veidus (dzelzce\u013ca, autotransporta, gaisa un j\u016bras transportu). Turkl\u0101t at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bb\u0101 no iepriek\u0161\u0113jiem C noteikumiem CPT noteikums \u013cauj p\u0101rdodo\u0161ajai pusei pieg\u0101d\u0101t preces p\u0101rvad\u0101t\u0101jam, kur t\u0101 v\u0113las (j\u016bras ost\u0101, dzelzce\u013ca termin\u0101l\u012b, gaisa kravu termin\u0101l\u012b vai autotransport\u0101 sav\u0101 teritorij\u0101).<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>P\u0101rdev\u0113ja pusei, kas ir atbild\u012bga par galveno transportu, ir pien\u0101kums iesniegt pirc\u0113jam konosamentu, ja tiek izmantots j\u016bras transports, vai pavadz\u012bmi, ja tiek nol\u012bgti citi transporta veidi.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><strong>CPT galvenie raksturlielumi<\/strong>:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Pieg\u0101des vieta<\/strong>: Saska\u0146\u0101 ar CPT noteikumu preces tiek uzskat\u012btas par pieg\u0101d\u0101t\u0101m, tikl\u012bdz p\u0101rdodo\u0161\u0101 puse t\u0101s nodod p\u0101rvad\u0101juma uz\u0146\u0113mumam, kuru t\u0101 ir rezerv\u0113jusi un par kuru t\u0101 ir samaks\u0101jusi;<\/li><li><strong>Risku nodo\u0161anas vieta<\/strong>: Riski tiek nodoti ar\u012b tad, kad preces tiek pie\u0146emtas par pieg\u0101d\u0101t\u0101m (p\u0101riet no p\u0101rdodo\u0161\u0101s puses nodarbin\u0101tajam p\u0101rvad\u0101t\u0101jam);<\/li><li><strong>Transporta veidi<\/strong>: CPT noteikums paredz, ka ab\u0101m pus\u0113m ir pieejams multimod\u0101ls transports (pa j\u016bru, dzelzce\u013cu, autoce\u013ciem vai gaisu) - neatkar\u012bgi no t\u0101, vai tas ir p\u0101rvad\u0101t\u0101js, ko nol\u012bgusi p\u0101rdodo\u0161\u0101 puse, kas transport\u0113 preces uz nor\u0101d\u012bto galam\u0113r\u0137a punktu, vai transportl\u012bdzeklis, ko nol\u012bgusi pirc\u0113ja puse, ja prec\u0113m ir j\u0101dodas t\u0101l\u0101k l\u012bdz pirc\u0113ja telp\u0101m;<\/li><li><strong>Muito\u0161ana<\/strong>: T\u0101 k\u0101 riska nodo\u0161ana joproj\u0101m notiek izcelsmes valst\u012b, p\u0101rdev\u0113ja puse ir atbild\u012bga par eksporta muito\u0161anas proced\u016br\u0101m. P\u0101r\u0113jie pien\u0101kumi, kas saist\u012bti ar tranz\u012bta proced\u016br\u0101m un importa muito\u0161anu, joproj\u0101m gulstas uz pirc\u0113ju;<\/li><li><strong>Transporta apdro\u0161in\u0101\u0161ana<\/strong>: CPT noteikums nav saisto\u0161s, ja runa ir par pre\u010du transporta apdro\u0161in\u0101\u0161anu, neatkar\u012bgi no t\u0101, vai apdro\u0161in\u0101\u0161ana ir p\u0101rdev\u0113ja vai pirc\u0113ja interes\u0113s. Pirc\u0113js var apsv\u0113rt iesp\u0113ju izv\u0113l\u0113ties apdro\u0161in\u0101\u0161anu, jo risku nodo\u0161ana ar \u0161o noteikumu parasti notiek lo\u0123istikas \u0137\u0113des s\u0101kuma posmos.<\/li><\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">CPT (Carriage Paid to) lab\u0101k\u0101 prakse<\/h4>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>CPT noteikums ir piem\u0113rot\u0101ks darbam ar konteinerkrav\u0101m nek\u0101 CFR vai CIF noteikumi, jo tie ir piem\u0113roti tikai j\u016bras p\u0101rvad\u0101jumiem. Ja krava j\u0101p\u0101rvieto pa sauszemi, CPT noteikums \u013cauj izmantot sauszemes p\u0101rvad\u0101jumus, piem\u0113ram, dzelzce\u013ca vai autotransporta l\u012bdzek\u013cus un gaisa vagonus.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Turkl\u0101t \u0161is noteikums labi darbojas ar visu veidu konteinerkrav\u0101m, neatkar\u012bgi no t\u0101, vai t\u0101s ir LCL (beramkravas) vai FCL (pilnkravas) kravas.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"CIP\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"8_CIP_Carriage_and_Insurance_Paid_to\"><\/span>8. CIP (p\u0101rvad\u0101\u0161anas un apdro\u0161in\u0101\u0161anas maks\u0101jums)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>CIP noteikums (Carriage and Insurance Paid to) b\u016bt\u012bb\u0101 ir CPT Incoterms\u00ae noteikuma apdro\u0161in\u0101\u0161anas papla\u0161in\u0101jums. Visi pirc\u0113ja un p\u0101rdev\u0113ja pien\u0101kumi un atbild\u012bba paliek t\u0101di pa\u0161i k\u0101 saska\u0146\u0101 ar CPT noteikumu, iz\u0146emot to, ka CIP noteikums paredz, ka p\u0101rdev\u0113jam ir j\u0101sa\u0146em transporta apdro\u0161in\u0101\u0161ana.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Papildus pre\u010du transport\u0113\u0161anai no sav\u0101m telp\u0101m uz pirc\u0113ja nor\u0101d\u012bto galam\u0113r\u0137i saska\u0146\u0101 ar CIP noteikumu p\u0101rdev\u0113jam ir pien\u0101kums organiz\u0113t transporta apdro\u0161in\u0101\u0161anu visam braucienam, ko paredz p\u0101rvad\u0101juma l\u012bgums.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\u0160is p\u0113d\u0113jais C Incoterms\u00ae noteikums ir piem\u0113rojams visiem transporta veidiem un ir \u013coti \u0113rts pirc\u0113jam, jo vi\u0146am ir maz\u0101k izmaksu par pre\u010du transport\u0113\u0161anu l\u012bdz v\u0113lamajam galam\u0113r\u0137im un vi\u0146\u0161 var izmantot aizsardz\u012bbu, ko nodro\u0161ina p\u0101rdev\u0113ja apdro\u0161in\u0101\u0161ana.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>P\u0101r\u0113jie pien\u0101kumi, kas izriet no CIP noteikuma izmanto\u0161anas attiec\u012bb\u0101 uz risku nodo\u0161anu, pieg\u0101des vietu un muito\u0161anu, ir t\u0101di pa\u0161i k\u0101 visiem p\u0101r\u0113jiem \u0161\u012bs grupas C noteikumiem.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><strong>KIP galvenie raksturlielumi<\/strong>:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Pieg\u0101des vieta<\/strong>: Tas pats, kas CPT noteikum\u0101 - preces tiek uzskat\u012btas par pieg\u0101d\u0101t\u0101m, tikl\u012bdz p\u0101rdev\u0113ja puse t\u0101s ir nodevusi sava nol\u012bgt\u0101 transporta uz\u0146\u0113muma r\u012bc\u012bb\u0101;<\/li><li><strong>Risku nodo\u0161anas vieta<\/strong>: Pre\u010du riska nodo\u0161ana notiek taj\u0101 pa\u0161\u0101 laik\u0101, kad to pieg\u0101de tiek uzskat\u012bta par pabeigtu (tikl\u012bdz p\u0101rdodo\u0161\u0101 puse nodod preces nodarbin\u0101tajam p\u0101rvad\u0101t\u0101jam);<\/li><li><strong>Transporta veidi<\/strong>: Visas iesp\u0113jas, kas veido multimod\u0101lo transporta veidu, ir pieejamas saska\u0146\u0101 ar KIP noteikumiem (dzelzce\u013c\u0161, autoce\u013ci, j\u016bras un gaisa transports). Piem\u0113ram, p\u0101rdodo\u0161\u0101 puse var nol\u012bgt p\u0101rvad\u0101t\u0101ju, kas izmantos kravas automa\u0161\u012bnu un ku\u0123i, lai transport\u0113tu preces uz galam\u0113r\u0137a valsti, kur pirc\u0113ja puse izmantos dzelzce\u013ca vagonus un mikroautobusus, lai nog\u0101d\u0101tu preces sav\u0101 noliktav\u0101;<\/li><li><strong>Muito\u0161ana<\/strong>: T\u0101pat k\u0101 visos E, F un C noteikumos, ar\u012b CIP noteikumos ir pras\u012bba, lai p\u0101rdodo\u0161\u0101 puse nok\u0101rtotu visas muito\u0161anas proced\u016bras, eksport\u0113jot preces, un nodotu dokument\u0101ciju pirc\u0113jai pusei, lai t\u0101 var\u0113tu segt tranz\u012bta proced\u016bru izmaksas (ja preces tiek p\u0101rvad\u0101tas caur cit\u0101m valst\u012bm vai ekonomiskaj\u0101m zon\u0101m) un importa muitas izdevumus, kad preces ierodas galam\u0113r\u0137a valst\u012b;<\/li><li><strong>Transporta apdro\u0161in\u0101\u0161ana<\/strong>: Londonas Apdro\u0161in\u0101\u0161anas instit\u016bts sav\u0101 Kravu klauzulu instit\u016bt\u0101 (ICC) nor\u0101da, ka jebkuram Incoterms\u00ae noteikumam, kas pastiprina transporta apdro\u0161in\u0101\u0161anas polises ieg\u0101di pre\u010du p\u0101rdo\u0161anai, ir j\u0101pieprasa, lai p\u0101rdodo\u0161\u0101 puse izv\u0113las transporta apdro\u0161in\u0101\u0161anu, kas sedz vismaz 110% no cenas, ko pirc\u0113ja puse maks\u0101 par pre\u010du p\u0101rdo\u0161anu. Papildus CIF noteikumam CIP noteikums ir otrais un p\u0113d\u0113jais no Incoterms\u00ae noteikumiem, kas pied\u0101v\u0101 \u0161o priek\u0161roc\u012bbu.<\/li><\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">CIP (p\u0101rvad\u0101\u0161anas un apdro\u0161in\u0101\u0161anas lab\u0101k\u0101 prakse)<\/h4>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>CIP noteikumu bie\u017ei izmanto elast\u012bguma un priek\u0161roc\u012bbu d\u0113\u013c, ko tas sniedz pirc\u0113jam. Tas paredz, ka p\u0101rdodo\u0161ajai pusei ir j\u0101apdro\u0161ina pre\u010du transport\u0113\u0161ana l\u012bdz galam\u0113r\u0137a vietai, ko nor\u0101da pirc\u0113js.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Saska\u0146\u0101 ar CIP noteikumu ab\u0101m pus\u0113m ir pieejami visi transporta veidi, un \u0161\u012b iemesla d\u0113\u013c konteineros p\u0101rvad\u0101to pre\u010du p\u0101rvad\u0101\u0161ana ir ieteicam\u0101ka nek\u0101 citi C noteikumi. P\u0101rvad\u0101\u0161anas izmaksas ar\u012b sedz p\u0101rdev\u0113js.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"DAP\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"9_DAP_Delivered_at_Place\"><\/span>9. DAP (pieg\u0101d\u0101ts uz vietas)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Visi D Incoterms\u00ae noteikumi ir piem\u0113roti, lai izmantotu jebkuru transporta veidu vai da\u017e\u0101du transporta veidu kombin\u0101ciju (multimod\u0101ls transports) attiec\u012bb\u0101 uz prec\u0113m, kas ir p\u0101rdo\u0161anas priek\u0161mets. Tie ar\u012b nosaka visaugst\u0101ko p\u0101rdodo\u0161\u0101s puses atbild\u012bbu attiec\u012bb\u0101 uz riskiem un izmaks\u0101m par pre\u010du pieg\u0101di.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>DAP noteikums (Delivered at Place) ir pirmais \u0161\u012bs grupas noteikums, kas regul\u0113 pre\u010du pieg\u0101di uz galam\u0113r\u0137a punktu, ko izv\u0113l\u0113jies pirc\u0113js. Tas ir ar\u012b pirmais noteikums, kas pie\u013cauj pre\u010du pieg\u0101di \u0101rpus izcelsmes valsts.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Saska\u0146\u0101 ar DAP noteikumu p\u0101rdev\u0113ja puse ir atbild\u012bga ar\u012b par risku un izmaks\u0101m, kas saist\u012btas ar pre\u010du p\u0101rvad\u0101\u0161anu katr\u0101 no galven\u0101 transporta posmiem. Sal\u012bdzin\u0101jumam, E, F un C Incoterms\u00ae grupas noteikumi paredz\u0113ja, ka p\u0101rdodo\u0161ais uz\u0146\u0113mums pieg\u0101d\u0101 preces un nodod to riskus to izcelsmes valst\u012b.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Vien\u012bgais transport\u0113\u0161anas posms, kas saska\u0146\u0101 ar DAP noteikumu nav j\u0101veic p\u0101rdev\u0113jam, ir gal\u012bg\u0101 izkrau\u0161anas proced\u016bra. \u0160is noteikums \u013cauj p\u0101rdev\u0113jam nog\u0101d\u0101t preces galapunkt\u0101 nevainojam\u0101 st\u0101vokl\u012b un nodot t\u0101s pirc\u0113ja r\u012bc\u012bb\u0101. P\u0113d\u0113j\u0101 puse var sl\u0113gt l\u012bgumu par pre\u010du izkrau\u0161anu galam\u0113r\u0137a ost\u0101\/dzelzce\u013ca depo\/gaisa termin\u0101l\u012b vai veikt to pati sav\u0101s telp\u0101s.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><strong>DAP galven\u0101s \u012bpa\u0161\u012bbas<\/strong>:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Pieg\u0101des vieta<\/strong>: Parasti galam\u0113r\u0137a valst\u012b, pirc\u0113ja nor\u0101d\u012btaj\u0101 pieg\u0101des viet\u0101. \u0145emot v\u0113r\u0101 transporta veidus, t\u0101 var b\u016bt liela iebrauk\u0161anas osta vai termin\u0101lis, vai ar\u012b pirc\u0113ja telpas;<\/li><li><strong>Risku nodo\u0161anas vieta<\/strong>: Tas pats, kas pieg\u0101des vieta - risku uz\u0146emas p\u0101rdodo\u0161\u0101 puse vis\u0101 galven\u0101 p\u0101rvad\u0101juma laik\u0101, un tas tiek nodots pirc\u0113jam noteiktaj\u0101 galam\u0113r\u0137\u012b, pirms preces tiek izkrautas no \u012br\u0113t\u0101 transporta;<\/li><li><strong>Transporta veidi<\/strong>: Saska\u0146\u0101 ar DAP noteikumu abas puses var izv\u0113l\u0113ties multimod\u0101lu p\u0101rvad\u0101jumu (autotransports, dzelzce\u013ca, j\u016bras vai gaisa transports), tom\u0113r p\u0101rvad\u0101t\u0101js, kas nol\u012bgts veikt galveno p\u0101rvad\u0101jumu no izcelsmes valsts uz galam\u0113r\u0137a valsti, ir pien\u0101kums p\u0101rdev\u0113jai pusei, un t\u0101 sedz \u0161\u0101 segmenta izmaksas;<\/li><li><strong>Muito\u0161ana<\/strong>: Saska\u0146\u0101 ar \u0161o noteikumu parast\u0101 prakse ir t\u0101da, ka p\u0101rdodo\u0161\u0101 puse ir atbild\u012bga par eksporta muito\u0161anas proced\u016br\u0101m, un attiec\u012bg\u0101 gad\u012bjum\u0101 ievedmuitas muito\u0161anas izmaksas sedz pirc\u0113ja puse;<\/li><li><strong>Transporta apdro\u0161in\u0101\u0161ana<\/strong>: Saska\u0146\u0101 ar DAP noteikumu iev\u0113rojama da\u013ca riska gulstas uz p\u0101rdodo\u0161o pusi, t\u0101p\u0113c t\u0101 var izlemt, vai v\u0113las apdro\u0161in\u0101t preces pret boj\u0101jumiem vai zaud\u0113jumiem to p\u0101rvad\u0101\u0161anas laik\u0101. T\u0101pat k\u0101 liel\u0101k\u0101 da\u013ca Incoterms\u00ae noteikumu, ar\u012b DAP noteikums neuzliek pien\u0101kumu ne p\u0101rdodo\u0161ajai, ne p\u0113rkamajai pusei ieg\u0101d\u0101ties transporta apdro\u0161in\u0101\u0161anu.<\/li><\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">DAP paraugprakse (pieg\u0101d\u0101ts uz vietas)<\/h4>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>D noteikumu grupa ir \u013coti izdev\u012bga pirc\u0113jiem, jo \u0161ie noteikumi nodro\u0161ina dro\u0161\u012bbu, kuras nav citu grupu noteikumos. Saska\u0146\u0101 ar DAP noteikumu p\u0101rdo\u0161anas pusei ir j\u0101nodro\u0161ina, ka preces tiek pieg\u0101d\u0101tas nevainojam\u0101 st\u0101vokl\u012b l\u012bdz galam\u0113r\u0137a vietai.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>DAP noteikums ir piem\u0113rots galvenok\u0101rt autotransporta p\u0101rvad\u0101jumiem, kad preces tiek pieg\u0101d\u0101tas, izmantojot pilnas vai grup\u0113tas kravas automa\u0161\u012bnas, kur importa muito\u0161ana nav oblig\u0101ta.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\u0160is noteikums ir izdev\u012bgs tirgot\u0101jiem, kas darbojas t\u0101d\u0101s ekonomiskaj\u0101s zon\u0101s k\u0101 Eiropas Savien\u012bba vai Dienvid\u0101frikas Att\u012bst\u012bbas kopiena, jo pre\u010du pieg\u0101di var veikt bez muito\u0161anas.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"DPU\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"10_DPU_Delivered_at_Place_Unloaded\"><\/span>10. DPU (pieg\u0101de izkrau\u0161anas viet\u0101)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Incoterms\u00ae noteikums DPU (Delivered at Place Unloaded), kas ietver papildu ieguvumu pirc\u0113jai pusei, papla\u0161ina p\u0101rdodo\u0161\u0101s puses pien\u0101kumus un paredz, ka tai ir j\u0101izkrauj preces p\u0113c tam, kad t\u0101s ir sasniegu\u0161as galam\u0113r\u0137i.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Ar\u012b \u0161aj\u0101 gad\u012bjum\u0101 p\u0101rvad\u0101t\u0101ju nol\u012bgst p\u0101rdev\u0113js, un tas sedz visas izmaksas un riskus, kas saist\u012bti ar pre\u010du p\u0101rvieto\u0161anu l\u012bdz pirc\u0113ja nor\u0101d\u012btajam pieg\u0101des galam\u0113r\u0137im.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>DUP noteikums, t\u0101pat k\u0101 DAP noteikums, \u013cauj izmantot visus transporta veidus un t\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di \u013cauj pieg\u0101d\u0101t preces t\u0101lu aiz galam\u0113r\u0137a ostas\/galapunkta. Pre\u010du pieg\u0101des iesp\u0113jas var b\u016bt vai nu j\u016bras osta vai cits termin\u0101lis galam\u0113r\u0137a valst\u012b, muitas dienestu noliktava, pirc\u0113ja noliktava vai glab\u0101\u0161anas centrs, vai ar\u012b pieg\u0101de tie\u0161i l\u012bdz durv\u012bm.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Tikl\u012bdz p\u0101rdev\u0113ja nol\u012bgtais p\u0101rvad\u0101t\u0101js izkrauj preces, pirc\u0113js var turpin\u0101t p\u0101r\u0113j\u0101s lo\u0123istikas \u0137\u0113des proced\u016bras (importa formalit\u0101tes, papildu transports, uzglab\u0101\u0161ana utt.).<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><strong>DPU galvenie raksturlielumi<\/strong>:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Pieg\u0101des vieta<\/strong>: T\u0101 var b\u016bt jebkur\u0101 viet\u0101, kur pirc\u0113js vienojas par pre\u010du pieg\u0101di - vai nu iebrauk\u0161anas j\u016bras ost\u0101, vai dzelzce\u013ca\/gaisa termin\u0101l\u012b galam\u0113r\u0137a valst\u012b, muitas dienesta noliktav\u0101, vai pirc\u0113ja telp\u0101s. P\u0113c tam, kad preces ir izkrautas no transporta, par kuru r\u016bp\u0113j\u0101s p\u0101rdev\u0113ja puse, t\u0101s uzskata par pieg\u0101d\u0101t\u0101m;<\/li><li><strong>Risku nodo\u0161anas vieta<\/strong>: Pre\u010du pieg\u0101des riski ir j\u0101uz\u0146emas p\u0101rdev\u0113jam l\u012bdz br\u012bdim, kad t\u0101s tiek izkrautas no galven\u0101 transporta posma gal\u012bg\u0101 vagona. Risku nodo\u0161ana notiek vienlaikus ar pre\u010du pieg\u0101di;<\/li><li><strong>Transporta veidi<\/strong>: Saska\u0146\u0101 ar DPU noteikumu puses, kas nosl\u0113dz starptautisku p\u0101rdo\u0161anas l\u012bgumu, var izmantot visu veidu autotransportu, dzelzce\u013ca, j\u016bras vai gaisa transportu (multimod\u0101lo transportu);<\/li><li><strong>Muito\u0161ana<\/strong>: Saska\u0146\u0101 ar DPU noteikumu eksporta muito\u0161anas proced\u016bru veic p\u0101rdev\u0113ja puse, bet par importa muito\u0161anas proced\u016bru joproj\u0101m ir atbild\u012bga pirc\u0113ja puse, lai gan preces var turpin\u0101t p\u0101rvietoties \u0101rpus \u0161\u012b punkta uz p\u0101rdev\u0113ja r\u0113\u0137ina;<\/li><li><strong>Transporta apdro\u0161in\u0101\u0161ana<\/strong>: \u0160is noteikums neparedz ierobe\u017eojumus ar\u012b attiec\u012bb\u0101 uz transporta apdro\u0161in\u0101\u0161anu. Puse, kas g\u016btu labumu no transporta apdro\u0161in\u0101\u0161anas ieg\u0101des pre\u010du pieg\u0101dei, b\u016btu p\u0101rdev\u0113js, jo vi\u0146am ir pien\u0101kums segt izmaksas un riskus par visu pre\u010du transport\u0113\u0161anu.<\/li><\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Lab\u0101k\u0101 prakse DPU (pieg\u0101de izkrau\u0161anas viet\u0101)<\/h4>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Saska\u0146\u0101 ar DPU Incoterms\u00ae noteikumiem p\u0101rdo\u0161anas puses galvenais pien\u0101kums ir nodro\u0161in\u0101t, ka preces tiek pieg\u0101d\u0101tas un izkrautas lab\u0101 st\u0101vokl\u012b.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\u0160aj\u0101 sakar\u0101, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Nations_Convention_on_Contracts_for_the_International_Sale_of_Goods\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Starptautiskie pre\u010du p\u0101rdo\u0161anas l\u012bgumi<\/a> Pre\u010du p\u0101rdo\u0161anas likum\u0101 paredz\u0113t\u0101 konvencija var nodro\u0161in\u0101t zin\u0101mu atvieglojumu p\u0101rdodo\u0161ajai pusei neparedz\u0113tos gad\u012bjumos, ja preces ir pieg\u0101d\u0101tas pareizi.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"DDP\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"11_DDP_Delivered_Duty_Paid\"><\/span>11. DDP (Delivered Duty Paid)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>P\u0113d\u0113jais Incoterms\u00ae noteikums ir DDP (Delivered Duty Paid) noteikums, kas, iesp\u0113jams, ir vis\u0113rt\u0101kais noteikums pirc\u0113jam.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\u0160im noteikumam piem\u012bt visas p\u0101r\u0113jo divu D noteikumu iez\u012bmes - tas uzliek p\u0101rdev\u0113jam pien\u0101kumu nol\u012bgt p\u0101rvad\u0101jumu uz\u0146\u0113mumu, kas pieg\u0101d\u0101s preces uz nor\u0101d\u012bto galam\u0113r\u0137i, segs izmaksas un riskus pieg\u0101des brauciena laik\u0101 un nodro\u0161in\u0101s, ka preces tiek pien\u0101c\u012bgi nog\u0101d\u0101tas galam\u0113r\u0137a viet\u0101.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Turkl\u0101t DDP noteikums ar\u012b paredz, ka p\u0101rdev\u0113jam j\u0101sedz gan eksporta, gan importa muito\u0161anas proced\u016bras un, ja nepiecie\u0161ams, ar\u012b visas tranz\u012bta proced\u016bras izmaksas.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>V\u0113l viena at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bba no DPU noteikuma ir t\u0101, ka p\u0101rdodo\u0161ajai pusei nav j\u0101sl\u0113dz l\u012bgums ar p\u0101rvad\u0101t\u0101ju par pre\u010du izkrau\u0161anu galapunkt\u0101, k\u0101 tas nebija DAP noteikuma gad\u012bjum\u0101.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Preces, ko p\u0101rdod saska\u0146\u0101 ar DPU noteikumu, var pieg\u0101d\u0101t ar jebkuru transporta veidu, tostarp konteineros p\u0101rvad\u0101tas kravas, ko p\u0101rvad\u0101 ar kravas, dzelzce\u013ca vai autotransporta pal\u012bdz\u012bbu.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><strong>DDP galvenie raksturlielumi<\/strong>:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Pieg\u0101des vieta<\/strong>: T\u0101pat k\u0101 visos D noteikumos (DAP un DPU), preces, ko p\u0101rvad\u0101 saska\u0146\u0101 ar DPU noteikumu, pieg\u0101d\u0101 uz galam\u0113r\u0137i, kuru galam\u0113r\u0137a valst\u012b nosaka pirc\u0113ja puse (vai nu ieve\u0161anas ost\u0101 vai termin\u0101l\u012b, vai \u0101rpus t\u0101s, uz nor\u0101d\u012btu vietu, kas var b\u016bt pirc\u0113ja noliktava, r\u016bpn\u012bca, noliktava, izplat\u012b\u0161anas platforma utt.);<\/li><li><strong>Risku nodo\u0161anas vieta<\/strong>: Risku nodo\u0161ana saska\u0146\u0101 ar DDP noteikumu notiek t\u0101pat k\u0101 saska\u0146\u0101 ar visiem citiem Incoterms\u00ae noteikumiem - pieg\u0101des viet\u0101. Tikl\u012bdz preces sasniedz galam\u0113r\u0137a vietu (un k\u013c\u016bst pieejamas pirc\u0113jam), ko pirkuma l\u012bguma sagatavo\u0161anas laik\u0101 izv\u0113l\u0113jusies pirc\u0113ja puse, uzskata, ka p\u0101rdev\u0113js nodod riskus pirc\u0113jam;<\/li><li><strong>Transporta veidi<\/strong>: DDP noteikums \u013cauj ab\u0101m p\u0101rdo\u0161anas l\u012bgum\u0101 iesaist\u012btaj\u0101m pus\u0113m izmantot multimod\u0101lu transportu (dzelzce\u013ca, autotransporta, j\u016bras vai gaisa transportu). P\u0101rdo\u0161anas puse sedz visas izmaksas un riskus, kas saist\u012bti ar pre\u010du s\u0101kotn\u0113jo, galveno un gal\u012bgo transport\u0113\u0161anu, ja vien pirc\u0113ja puse nav izvirz\u012bjusi pras\u012bbu, ka t\u0101 pabeigs pre\u010du transport\u0113\u0161anu p\u0113c to iera\u0161an\u0101s galam\u0113r\u0137a ost\u0101 vai termin\u0101l\u012b;<\/li><li><strong>Muito\u0161ana<\/strong>: \u0160eit DDP noteikums k\u013c\u016bst patiesi spo\u017es - eksporta muito\u0161anas proced\u016bru, importa muito\u0161anas proced\u016bru un jebkuru iesp\u0113jamo tranz\u012bta proced\u016bru sedz p\u0101rdev\u0113ja puse;<\/li><li><strong>Transporta apdro\u0161in\u0101\u0161ana<\/strong>: Ne p\u0101rdev\u0113jam, ne pirc\u0113jam nav j\u0101izv\u0113las transporta apdro\u0161in\u0101\u0161anas polise. Tom\u0113r p\u0101rdev\u0113jam tiek stingri ieteikts apsv\u0113rt iesp\u0113ju ieg\u0101d\u0101ties transporta apdro\u0161in\u0101\u0161anu, jo visi ar pre\u010du pieg\u0101di saist\u012btie riski ir tikai vi\u0146a p\u0101rzi\u0146\u0101.<\/li><\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Lab\u0101k\u0101 prakse attiec\u012bb\u0101 uz DDP (Delivered Duty Paid)<\/h4>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Ja EXW (Ex Works) Incoterms\u00ae noteikums uzlika minim\u0101l\u0101s saist\u012bbas p\u0101rdodo\u0161ajai pusei un apgr\u016btin\u0101ja pirc\u0113ju pusi, uz\u0146emoties liel\u0101ko da\u013cu risku un izmaksu, kas saist\u012btas ar starptautisku komerci\u0101lu pre\u010du p\u0101rdo\u0161anu, tad DPU noteikums nosaka tie\u0161i pret\u0113jo.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>P\u0101rdev\u0113ja puse uz\u0146emas maksim\u0101lo atbild\u012bbu, s\u0101kot no pre\u010du iepako\u0161anas un mar\u0137\u0113\u0161anas, eksporta muitas formalit\u0101\u0161u k\u0101rto\u0161anas un pre\u010du transport\u0113\u0161anas galvenajam p\u0101rvad\u0101t\u0101jam, l\u012bdz pat galven\u0101 transporta izmaksu un risku seg\u0161anai, pre\u010du pieg\u0101dei uz galam\u0113r\u0137i un importa muito\u0161anas izmaksu seg\u0161anai.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion\"><\/span>Secin\u0101jums<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Laiks pabeigt m\u016bsu pla\u0161o rokasgr\u0101matu par Incoterms\u00ae 2020 noteikumiem 2022. gad\u0101.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\u0160aj\u0101 rokasgr\u0101mat\u0101 ir izskaidrots, cik svar\u012bgi ir \u0161ie noteikumi, lai atvieglotu sadarb\u012bbu starp p\u0101rdo\u0161anas un pirk\u0161anas pus\u0113m starptautisk\u0101s tirdzniec\u012bbas nozar\u0113. Tie regul\u0113, kas sedz izmaksas un riskus, kas saist\u012bti ar p\u0101rdodamo pre\u010du pieg\u0101di visos lo\u0123istikas \u0137\u0113des posmos.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>M\u0113s ar\u012b redz\u0113j\u0101m, k\u0101 \u0161ie 11 noteikumi ir iedal\u012bti kategorij\u0101s, galvenok\u0101rt atkar\u012bb\u0101 no transporta veida, ko tie at\u013cauj izmantot, vai no t\u0101, kur notiek pre\u010du pieg\u0101de. Saska\u0146\u0101 ar \u0161iem krit\u0113rijiem Incoterms\u00ae noteikumi \u013cauj izmantot vai nu multimod\u0101los p\u0101rvad\u0101jumus (jebkura veida j\u016bras, sauszemes vai gaisa transportu), vai ar\u012b tikai j\u016bras un iek\u0161\u0113jo \u016bdensce\u013cu transportu. Ar\u012b pre\u010du pieg\u0101des vieta iedala \u0161os noteikumus \u010detrburtu grup\u0101s - E, F, C un D grup\u0101.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Kopum\u0101 ikvienam, kas iesaist\u012bts starptautiskaj\u0101 tirdzniec\u012bb\u0101, ir skaidrs viens b\u016btisks Incoterms\u00ae noteikumu aspekts: Noteikumi pal\u012bdz regul\u0113t katras starptautiskaj\u0101 tirdzniec\u012bbas l\u012bgum\u0101 iesaist\u012bt\u0101s puses pien\u0101kumus. Tie neveido visu l\u012bgumu, un ir j\u0101izstr\u0101d\u0101 citi l\u012bgumi, lai aptvertu vair\u0101k pien\u0101kumu un saist\u012bbu.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"FAQ\"><\/span>F.A.Q.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Vai man ir j\u0101izmanto jaun\u0101k\u0101 Incoterms\u00ae versija (2020), nevis iepriek\u0161\u0113j\u0101s versijas, piem\u0113ram, Incoterms\u00ae 2010?<\/h4>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>J\u016bs varat nor\u0101d\u012bt, kuru Incoterms\u00ae noteikumu versiju v\u0113laties izmantot sav\u0101 starptautiskaj\u0101 p\u0101rdo\u0161anas l\u012bgum\u0101, rakstiski vienojoties un nor\u0101dot t\u0101s versijas gadu, kura tiks izmantota.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">K\u0101 Incoterms\u00ae noteikumi atvieglo starptautisko tirdzniec\u012bbu?<\/h4>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\u013boti daudzos tirdzniec\u012bbas l\u012bgumos tiek izmantoti Incoterms\u00ae noteikumi, lai skaidri nor\u0101d\u012btu, kura puse (p\u0101rdev\u0113js vai pirc\u0113js) ir atbild\u012bga par daudzaj\u0101m saist\u012bb\u0101m, kas t\u0101m ir lo\u0123istikas procesa laik\u0101. Ir v\u0113rts piemin\u0113t, ka \u0161ie noteikumi ir apsprie\u017eami, t\u0101p\u0113c puses tos var apspriest, pirms vienojas par to izmanto\u0161anu.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">K\u0101das ir Incoterms\u00ae 2020 noteikumu izmanto\u0161anas priek\u0161roc\u012bbas un tr\u016bkumi starptautiskaj\u0101 tirdzniec\u012bb\u0101?<\/h4>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Incoterms\u00ae 2020 noteikumi ir apbr\u012bnojams ieguvums starptautiskaj\u0101 tirdzniec\u012bb\u0101, jo tie sp\u0113j standartiz\u0113t sare\u017e\u0123\u012btos procesus, kas notiek transporta un lo\u0123istikas jom\u0101 starptautiskajos p\u0101rdo\u0161anas l\u012bgumos. Tie ir viegli saprotami, pasaul\u0113 atz\u012bti, un tos reglament\u0113 un atjaunina Starptautisk\u0101 Tirdzniec\u012bbas kamera (ICC).<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>To tr\u016bkums ir liel\u0101ks risks un izmaksas vienai no iesaist\u012btaj\u0101m pus\u0113m, kas var izrais\u012bt domstarp\u012bbas. Pat izv\u0113les procesa laik\u0101 pirc\u0113ja un p\u0101rdev\u0113ja puse var non\u0101kt pie domstarp\u012bb\u0101m par to, kuru noteikumu izmantot, atkar\u012bb\u0101 no t\u0101, k\u0101du labumu tas t\u0101m dod.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">K\u0101da ir Incoterms\u00ae noteikuma ievie\u0161anas formula p\u0101rdo\u0161anas l\u012bgum\u0101 un p\u0101rdo\u0161anas kv\u012bt\u012bs?<\/h4>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Vispirms j\u0101nor\u0101da izv\u0113l\u0113tais Incoterms\u00ae noteikums, kam seko galam\u0113r\u0137a vietas nosaukums, termins \"Incoterms\u00ae\" un t\u0101s versijas gads, kura tiks izmantota.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Piem\u0113ram: DAP Roterdamas osta Incoterms\u00ae 2020.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Exchanging goods, services, and finances is one of the oldest practices of modern civilization. It is also one of the main drivers of its growth, development, and advancement. International trade has shaped the world since ancient times and it\u2019s still responsible for the directions societies take to enhance their position in the global economic market. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":3765,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":{"0":"post-3766","1":"page","2":"type-page","3":"status-publish","4":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"entry"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3766","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3766"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3766\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18594,"href":"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3766\/revisions\/18594"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3765"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3766"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}