{"id":3766,"date":"2022-03-14T19:03:44","date_gmt":"2022-03-14T19:03:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/?page_id=3766"},"modified":"2026-01-08T13:55:08","modified_gmt":"2026-01-08T13:55:08","slug":"incoterms-2020-guide","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/cs\/incoterms-2020-guide\/","title":{"rendered":"Pr\u016fvodce Incoterms\u00ae 2020 v roce 2026"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"889\" height=\"667\" src=\"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/incoterms-guide.png\" alt=\"Pr\u016fvodce Incoterms 2020 s kontejnerovou lod\u00ed na mo\u0159i\" class=\"wp-image-3765\" srcset=\"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/incoterms-guide.png 889w, https:\/\/moverdb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/incoterms-guide-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/moverdb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/incoterms-guide-600x450.png 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 889px) 100vw, 889px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>V\u00fdm\u011bna zbo\u017e\u00ed, slu\u017eeb a financ\u00ed je jednou z nejstar\u0161\u00edch praktik modern\u00ed civilizace. Je tak\u00e9 jednou z hlavn\u00edch hnac\u00edch sil jej\u00edho r\u016fstu, rozvoje a pokroku. Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed obchod utv\u00e1\u0159el sv\u011bt od starov\u011bku a st\u00e1le je zodpov\u011bdn\u00fd za sm\u011bry, kter\u00fdmi se spole\u010dnosti vyd\u00e1vaj\u00ed, aby pos\u00edlily sv\u00e9 postaven\u00ed na glob\u00e1ln\u00edm ekonomick\u00e9m trhu.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Od 70. let 20. stolet\u00ed doch\u00e1z\u00ed k prudk\u00e9mu, ale trval\u00e9mu n\u00e1r\u016fstu transakc\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho charakteru. Technologick\u00fd pokrok, logistick\u00e1 infrastruktura a automatizace p\u0159isp\u011bly k rychlej\u0161\u00ed a spolehliv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159eprav\u011b a skladov\u00e1n\u00ed po sou\u0161i, po mo\u0159i i vzduchem, a proto je objemov\u00e1 pr\u016fchodnost obchodovan\u00e9ho zbo\u017e\u00ed desetkr\u00e1t vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e p\u0159ed p\u011bti desetilet\u00edmi.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>S rozvojem na\u0161ich socioekonomick\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f exponenci\u00e1ln\u011b vzrostla pot\u0159eba regulace mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho obchodu. Proto se na po\u010d\u00e1tku 20. stolet\u00ed objevilo <strong>Pravidla Incoterms\u00ae<\/strong> byly stanoveny. To znamenalo po\u010d\u00e1tek rozvoje vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch standard\u016f d\u016fv\u011bry mezi r\u016fzn\u00fdmi zem\u011bmi a hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdmi z\u00f3nami.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>V tomto pr\u016fvodci Incoterms 2020 se sezn\u00e1m\u00edme se v\u0161\u00edm, co tento soubor pravidel zahrnuje, a se v\u0161emi podrobnostmi, kter\u00e9 ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed i kupuj\u00edc\u00ed stranu na obou stran\u00e1ch mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed kupn\u00ed smlouvy.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_83 ez-toc-wrap-left counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-transparent ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Sekce<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"P\u0159epnut\u00ed tabulky obsahu\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">P\u0159ep\u00edna\u010d<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseprofile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/cs\/incoterms-2020-guide\/#The_Need_for_Establishing_International_Trade_Rules\" >Pot\u0159eba zaveden\u00ed pravidel mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho obchodu<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/cs\/incoterms-2020-guide\/#The_Foundation_of_Incoterms%C2%AE\" >Z\u00e1klad Incoterms\u00ae<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/cs\/incoterms-2020-guide\/#What_Are_the_Incoterms%C2%AE_Rules\" >Jak\u00e1 jsou pravidla Incoterms\u00ae?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/cs\/incoterms-2020-guide\/#Whats_Regulated_by_the_Incoterms%C2%AE_Rules\" >Co upravuj\u00ed pravidla Incoterms\u00ae?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/cs\/incoterms-2020-guide\/#Whats_Not_Regulated_by_the_Incoterms%C2%AE_Rules\" >Co nen\u00ed upraveno pravidly Incoterms\u00ae?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/cs\/incoterms-2020-guide\/#Who_Are_the_Incoterms%C2%AE_Rules_Important_For\" >Pro koho jsou pravidla Incoterms\u00ae d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/cs\/incoterms-2020-guide\/#The_2020_Version_of_the_Incoterms%C2%AE_Rules\" >Verze pravidel Incoterms\u00ae pro rok 2020<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/cs\/incoterms-2020-guide\/#Aspects_of_International_Trade\" >Aspekty mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho obchodu<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/cs\/incoterms-2020-guide\/#1_Modes_of_Transport\" >1. Zp\u016fsoby dopravy<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/cs\/incoterms-2020-guide\/#2_Costs_and_Risks\" >2. N\u00e1klady a rizika<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/cs\/incoterms-2020-guide\/#3_Carriage_Contracts\" >3. Smlouvy o p\u0159eprav\u011b<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/cs\/incoterms-2020-guide\/#4_Customs_Clearance_Export_and_Import\" >4. Celn\u00ed odbaven\u00ed (v\u00fdvoz a dovoz)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/cs\/incoterms-2020-guide\/#5_Insurance_Policies\" >5. Pojistn\u00e9 smlouvy<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/cs\/incoterms-2020-guide\/#The_Incoterms%C2%AE_2020_Rules_Explained\" >Vysv\u011btlen\u00ed pravidel Incoterms\u00ae 2020<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/cs\/incoterms-2020-guide\/#1_EXW_Ex_Works\" >1. EXW (Ex Works)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/cs\/incoterms-2020-guide\/#2_FCA_Free_Carrier\" >2. FCA (Free Carrier)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/cs\/incoterms-2020-guide\/#3_FAS_Free_Alongside_Ship\" >3. FAS (Free Alongside Ship)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/cs\/incoterms-2020-guide\/#4_FOB_Free_on_Board\" >4. FOB (Free on Board)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/cs\/incoterms-2020-guide\/#5_CFR_Cost_and_Freight\" >5. CFR (n\u00e1klady a p\u0159epravn\u00e9)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/cs\/incoterms-2020-guide\/#6_CIF_Cost_Insurance_and_Freight\" >6. CIF (Cost, Insurance, and Freight - n\u00e1klady, poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed a p\u0159eprava)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/cs\/incoterms-2020-guide\/#7_CPT_Carriage_Paid_to\" >7. CPT (Carriage Paid to)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/cs\/incoterms-2020-guide\/#8_CIP_Carriage_and_Insurance_Paid_to\" >8. CIP (Carriage and Insurance Paid to)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/cs\/incoterms-2020-guide\/#9_DAP_Delivered_at_Place\" >9. DAP (dod\u00e1no na m\u00edsto)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/cs\/incoterms-2020-guide\/#10_DPU_Delivered_at_Place_Unloaded\" >10. DPU (dod\u00e1no na m\u00edsto vykl\u00e1dky)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/cs\/incoterms-2020-guide\/#11_DDP_Delivered_Duty_Paid\" >11. DDP (dodan\u00e9 clo placen\u00e9)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\" href=\"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/cs\/incoterms-2020-guide\/#Conclusion\" >Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-27\" href=\"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/cs\/incoterms-2020-guide\/#FAQ\" >F.A.Q.<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Need_for_Establishing_International_Trade_Rules\"><\/span>Pot\u0159eba zaveden\u00ed pravidel mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho obchodu<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>V pr\u016fb\u011bhu historie se s rostouc\u00ed slo\u017eitost\u00ed a rozsahem mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho obchodu zvy\u0161ovala i nutnost za\u010dlen\u011bn\u00ed specializovan\u00fdch odv\u011btv\u00ed pot\u0159ebn\u00fdch pro kontrolu a udr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u0161ech r\u016fzn\u00fdch proces\u016f a postup\u016f, kter\u00e9 tvo\u0159\u00ed obchodn\u00ed syst\u00e9m.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Tak\u017ee zat\u00edmco jedno odd\u011blen\u00ed spravuje z\u00e1soby a objedn\u00e1vky, jin\u00e9 m\u00e1 na starosti n\u00e1kladn\u00ed dopravu. Pak jsou tu odd\u011blen\u00ed, kter\u00e1 maj\u00ed na starosti vyrovn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed plateb, sm\u011bnn\u00e9 kurzy a celn\u00ed zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed. V\u0161echny pracuj\u00ed vz\u00e1jemn\u011b zam\u011bniteln\u011b, tak\u017ee cel\u00e1 obchodn\u00ed \"ma\u0161in\u00e9rie\" m\u016f\u017ee fungovat s vysokou efektivitou.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Obchodn\u00ed trendy zaveden\u00e9 v nov\u00e9m modelu glob\u00e1ln\u00ed ekonomiky p\u0159im\u011bly ve\u0159ejnou spr\u00e1vu i soukrom\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti, aby usilovaly o lep\u0161\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed obchodn\u00ed p\u0159edpisy, kter\u00e9 by zajistily spravedliv\u00fd, bezpe\u010dn\u00fd, stabiln\u00ed a kontrolovan\u00fd tok zbo\u017e\u00ed.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Foundation_of_Incoterms%C2%AE\"><\/span>Z\u00e1klad Incoterms\u00ae<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Pot\u0159eba zaveden\u00ed pravidel pro mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed obchod si vy\u017e\u00e1dala zalo\u017een\u00ed n\u011bkolika organizac\u00ed, kter\u00e9 by sdru\u017eovaly v\u0161echny spole\u010dnosti a ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 subjekty zab\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed se mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm obchodem. Mezi nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed organizace mezi nimi pat\u0159\u00ed nap\u0159:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Sv\u011btov\u00e1 obchodn\u00ed organizace (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.wto.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">WTO<\/a>);<\/li><li>Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed obchodn\u00ed komora (<a href=\"https:\/\/iccwbo.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">ICC<\/a>);<\/li><li>Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed m\u011bnov\u00fd fond (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.imf.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">MMF<\/a>);<\/li><li>Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed federace asociac\u00ed celn\u00edch makl\u00e9\u0159\u016f (<a href=\"https:\/\/ifcba.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">IFCBA<\/a>);<\/li><li>Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed federace spedi\u010dn\u00edch asociac\u00ed (<a href=\"https:\/\/fiata.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">FIATA<\/a>);<\/li><li>Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed organizace (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.imo.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">IMO<\/a>);<\/li><li>Mezivl\u00e1dn\u00ed organizace pro mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159epravu (<a href=\"https:\/\/otif.org\/en\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">OTIF<\/a>);<\/li><li>Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed unie silni\u010dn\u00ed dopravy (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.iru.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">IRU<\/a>);<\/li><li>The <a href=\"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/cs\/iata\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"22\" title=\"Vysv\u011btlen\u00ed Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed asociace leteck\u00fdch dopravc\u016f (IATA)\">Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed sdru\u017een\u00ed pro leteckou dopravu<\/a> (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.iata.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">IATA<\/a>).<\/li><\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>V\u011bt\u0161ina t\u011bchto organizac\u00ed m\u00e1 z\u00e1sadn\u00ed v\u00fdznam pro vypracov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed doporu\u010den\u00ed a p\u0159edpis\u016f t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edch se transakc\u00ed v oblasti mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho prodeje a p\u0159epravy fyzick\u00e9ho zbo\u017e\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na v oblasti logistiky p\u0159ekl\u00e1dky a financ\u00ed.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee mezi sebou obchoduje tolik r\u016fzn\u00fdch zem\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00edch hospod\u00e1\u0159sko-fisk\u00e1ln\u00edch oblast\u00ed, vnitrost\u00e1tn\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00ed p\u0159edpisy t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se leg\u00e1ln\u00edho obchodu t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nikdy nep\u0159esahuj\u00ed hranice dan\u00e9 zem\u011b. To zahrnuje r\u016fzn\u00e9 kultury, spole\u010densk\u00e9 a obchodn\u00ed zvyklosti a jazyky.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>P\u0159i zva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho obchodu vznikaj\u00ed pot\u00ed\u017ee. Rozd\u00edly mezi prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed a kupuj\u00edc\u00ed stranou mohou vyvolat poru\u0161en\u00ed smlouvy a naru\u0161it dodavatelsk\u00fd \u0159et\u011bzec.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Aby se eliminovalo riziko mo\u017en\u00fdch ne\u00fasp\u011bch\u016f, p\u0159i\u0161la Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed obchodn\u00ed komora (ICC) v roce 1936 s n\u00e1vrhem<strong> Incoterms\u00ae<\/strong> (zkr\u00e1cen\u011b <strong>Na adrese<\/strong>mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed <strong>Co<\/strong>mkomer\u010dn\u00ed <strong>Podm\u00ednky<\/strong>) - soubor pravidel, jejich\u017e c\u00edlem je standardizovat podm\u00ednky dod\u00e1n\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed a poskytnout pr\u00e1vn\u00ed ochranu mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm obchodn\u00edm transakc\u00edm.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_Are_the_Incoterms%C2%AE_Rules\"><\/span>Jak\u00e1 jsou pravidla Incoterms\u00ae?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Pravidla Incoterms\u00ae jasn\u011b a p\u0159esn\u011b vymezuj\u00ed pr\u00e1va a povinnosti ka\u017ed\u00e9 strany (prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edho a kupuj\u00edc\u00edho) ve vz\u00e1jemn\u011b podepsan\u00e9 mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed kupn\u00ed smlouv\u011b. Tato smlouva se zam\u011b\u0159uje p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na podm\u00ednky dod\u00e1n\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed, kter\u00e9 je p\u0159edm\u011btem prodeje.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Existuj\u00ed <strong>p\u011bt kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch aspekt\u016f<\/strong> kter\u00e9 jsou definov\u00e1ny pravidly Incoterms\u00ae:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Povinnosti, kter\u00e9 jsou v mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed kupn\u00ed smlouv\u011b p\u0159id\u011bleny prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edmu a kupuj\u00edc\u00edmu v souvislosti s dod\u00e1n\u00edm zbo\u017e\u00ed;<\/li><li>Kter\u00e1 strana je odpov\u011bdn\u00e1 za n\u00e1klady na r\u016fzn\u00e9 kroky a operace, kter\u00e9 jsou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed logistick\u00e9ho \u0159et\u011bzce (balen\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed, pron\u00e1jem dopravn\u00edch prost\u0159edk\u016f, nakl\u00e1dka a vykl\u00e1dka dopravn\u00edch prost\u0159edk\u016f, naskladn\u011bn\u00ed a vyskladn\u011bn\u00ed atd.);<\/li><li>Kter\u00e1 strana nese odpov\u011bdnost za bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed rizika a n\u00e1klady na poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed v ur\u010dit\u00fdch bodech logistick\u00e9ho \u0159et\u011bzce a na cest\u011b dod\u00e1n\u00ed;<\/li><li>Kter\u00e1 strana je odpov\u011bdn\u00e1 za proveden\u00ed celn\u00edho odbaven\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed v p\u0159\u00edpadech, kdy je to vy\u017eadov\u00e1no z\u00e1konem;<\/li><li>V jak\u00e9m okam\u017eiku p\u0159ech\u00e1zej\u00ed rizika spojen\u00e1 se zbo\u017e\u00edm z prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edho na kupuj\u00edc\u00edho a kdy a kde doch\u00e1z\u00ed k dod\u00e1n\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed.<\/li><\/ol>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Ne\u017e pouk\u00e1\u017eeme na to, co pravidla Incoterms\u00ae zahrnuj\u00ed a co nikoli, r\u00e1di bychom upozornili, \u017ee tato pravidla nep\u0159edstavuj\u00ed celek kupn\u00ed smlouvy, ale zam\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed se p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na aspekt dod\u00e1n\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Whats_Regulated_by_the_Incoterms%C2%AE_Rules\"><\/span>Co upravuj\u00ed pravidla Incoterms\u00ae?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Kontrolou pravidel Incoterms\u00ae jsme zjistili. <strong>deset aspekt\u016f<\/strong> jak definuj\u00ed povinnosti prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed i kupuj\u00edc\u00ed strany, pokud jde o dod\u00e1n\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed. Jejich v\u00fd\u010det uv\u00e1d\u00edme zde:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Z\u00e1vazky prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed strany<\/strong>:<ul><li>dod\u00e1n\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed spolu s prodejn\u00ed fakturou v souladu s podm\u00ednkami uveden\u00fdmi v mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed kupn\u00ed smlouv\u011b;<\/li><li>Z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed povolen\u00ed, licenc\u00ed, v\u00fdvozn\u00edch a dovozn\u00edch povolen\u00ed, bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch akreditac\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00edch form\u00e1ln\u00edch povolen\u00ed t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edch se prodeje zbo\u017e\u00ed;<\/li><li>P\u0159\u00edprava pojistn\u00fdch a p\u0159epravn\u00edch smluv;<\/li><li>Efektivn\u00ed dod\u00e1n\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed a\u017e do m\u00edsta p\u0159echodu rizik;<\/li><li>P\u0159enos rizik;<\/li><li>Sd\u00edlen\u00ed n\u00e1klad\u016f;<\/li><li>neprodlen\u00e9 informov\u00e1n\u00ed kupuj\u00edc\u00ed strany o dod\u00e1n\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed;<\/li><li>prok\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed a zdokumentov\u00e1n\u00ed dod\u00e1n\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed;<\/li><li>Kontrola, balen\u00ed a ozna\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed;<\/li><li>Pomoc kupuj\u00edc\u00ed stran\u011b s jak\u00fdmikoliv po\u017eadovan\u00fdmi informacemi o dod\u00e1n\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed a souvisej\u00edc\u00edch n\u00e1kladech.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Z\u00e1vazky kupuj\u00edc\u00ed strany<\/strong>:<ul><li>Platba za zbo\u017e\u00ed v souladu s podm\u00ednkami uveden\u00fdmi v mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed kupn\u00ed smlouv\u011b;<\/li><li>Z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed povolen\u00ed, licenc\u00ed, v\u00fdvozn\u00edch a dovozn\u00edch povolen\u00ed, bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch akreditac\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00edch form\u00e1ln\u00edch povolen\u00ed t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edch se po\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed;<\/li><li>P\u0159\u00edprava pojistn\u00fdch a p\u0159epravn\u00edch smluv;<\/li><li>efektivn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edjem zbo\u017e\u00ed z m\u00edsta p\u0159evodu rizik;<\/li><li>P\u0159enos rizik;<\/li><li>Sd\u00edlen\u00ed n\u00e1klad\u016f;<\/li><li>neprodlen\u00e9 informov\u00e1n\u00ed prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed strany o p\u0159evzet\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed;<\/li><li>prok\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed a zdokumentov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ijet\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed;<\/li><li>&nbsp;Kontrola zbo\u017e\u00ed;<\/li><li>pomoc prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed stran\u011b s ve\u0161ker\u00fdmi po\u017eadovan\u00fdmi informacemi o p\u0159evzet\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed a souvisej\u00edc\u00edch n\u00e1kladech.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Whats_Not_Regulated_by_the_Incoterms%C2%AE_Rules\"><\/span>Co nen\u00ed upraveno pravidly Incoterms\u00ae?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Ji\u017e d\u0159\u00edve jsme se zm\u00ednili, \u017ee pravidla Incoterms\u00ae se zam\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na vymezen\u00ed z\u00e1vazk\u016f, kter\u00e9 m\u00e1 prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed i kupuj\u00edc\u00ed strana v souvislosti s dod\u00e1n\u00edm zbo\u017e\u00ed. N\u011bkter\u00e9 aspekty, jako nap\u0159\u00edklad obchodn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st prodejn\u00ed transakce, jsou mimo oblast p\u016fsobnosti p\u0159edpis\u016f vypracovan\u00fdch Incoterms\u00ae.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Existuj\u00ed <strong>p\u011bt hlavn\u00edch aspekt\u016f<\/strong> v mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed kupn\u00ed smlouv\u011b, na kterou se nevztahuj\u00ed pravidla Incoterms\u00ae:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Podm\u00ednky uveden\u00e9 ve smlouv\u011b mezi p\u0159epravcem a kupuj\u00edc\u00ed nebo prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed stranou;<\/li><li>Podm\u00ednky p\u0159evodu vlastnictv\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed;<\/li><li>Platebn\u00ed podm\u00ednky v\u010detn\u011b ceny zbo\u017e\u00ed a zp\u016fsob\u016f platby pou\u017eit\u00fdch p\u0159i vypo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed prodejn\u00ed transakce;<\/li><li>Podm\u00ednky pro \u00fapravu poru\u0161en\u00ed smlouvy v\u010detn\u011b zp\u016fsobu \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed;<\/li><li>p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 v\u00fdjimky z odpov\u011bdnosti za stav a dod\u00e1n\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed.<\/li><\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>V\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9 aspekty mus\u00ed b\u00fdt \u0159\u00e1dn\u011b definov\u00e1ny v kupn\u00ed smlouv\u011b, aby si je ob\u011b strany mohly prohl\u00e9dnout a vz\u00e1jemn\u011b se dohodnout na uveden\u00fdch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Dal\u0161\u00ed oblast\u00ed, kter\u00e1 je mimo oblast p\u016fsobnosti pravidel Incoterms\u00ae, je uv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed a slu\u017eeb na trh. To je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 m\u00edt na pam\u011bti v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b poru\u0161en\u00ed smlouvy.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm detailem, kter\u00fd je tak\u00e9 vhodn\u00e9 si zapamatovat, je skute\u010dnost, \u017ee a\u010dkoli mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed platebn\u00ed metody nejsou v\u00fdslovn\u011b upraveny pravidly Incoterms\u00ae, jsou \u010dasto zmi\u0148ov\u00e1ny ve smlouv\u00e1ch a udr\u017eov\u00e1ny v \u00fazk\u00e9m vztahu. Proto je t\u0159eba to ve smlouv\u011b jasn\u011b uv\u00e9st, proto\u017ee mimo platebn\u00ed smlouvu m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt uvedeno jinak.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Who_Are_the_Incoterms%C2%AE_Rules_Important_For\"><\/span>Pro koho jsou pravidla Incoterms\u00ae d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Jedna skute\u010dnost t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se pravidel Incoterms\u00ae by m\u011bla b\u00fdt prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed i kupuj\u00edc\u00ed stran\u011b a v\u0161em \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edk\u016fm celosv\u011btov\u00e9ho obchodu se zbo\u017e\u00edm zcela jasn\u00e1. <strong>pravidla Incoterms\u00ae nejsou z\u00e1vazn\u00e1.<\/strong>. Jsou v\u0161ak nesm\u00edrn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 a z\u00e1sadn\u00ed pro spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 a efektivn\u00ed fungov\u00e1n\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00e9 operace v dodavatelsk\u00e9m \u0159et\u011bzci.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Proto je b\u011b\u017enou prax\u00ed, \u017ee jsou tato pravidla \u0161iroce implementov\u00e1na a za\u010dlen\u011bna do mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch kupn\u00edch smluv.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Profesion\u00e1ln\u00ed t\u00fdmy a spole\u010dnosti r\u016fzn\u00fdch velikost\u00ed a v\u00fdznamu v mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm dodavatelsk\u00e9m \u0159et\u011bzci by m\u011bly v\u011bnovat pe\u010dlivou pozornost pravidl\u016fm Incoterms\u00ae a p\u0159i sv\u00e9m podnik\u00e1n\u00ed zohlednit jejich pokyny. Mezi tyto spole\u010dnosti pat\u0159\u00ed nap\u0159:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Provozovatel\u00e9 leteck\u00e9 n\u00e1kladn\u00ed dopravy;<\/li><li>Leteck\u00e9 spedice;<\/li><li>Komer\u010dn\u00ed <a href=\"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/cs\/top-49-container-ports\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"80\" title=\"49 nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch a nejru\u0161n\u011bj\u0161\u00edch kontejnerov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edstav\u016f v roce 2025\">p\u0159\u00edstav<\/a> mana\u017eersk\u00e9 t\u00fdmy;<\/li><li>Celn\u00edci;<\/li><li>Distributo\u0159i;<\/li><li>V\u00fdvozn\u00ed a dovozn\u00ed spole\u010dnosti;<\/li><li>Poradci pro zahrani\u010dn\u00ed obchod;<\/li><li>Spedit\u00e9\u0159i;<\/li><li>Finan\u010dn\u00ed slu\u017eby;<\/li><li>Vedouc\u00ed zahrani\u010dn\u00edho obchodu ve ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 spr\u00e1v\u011b;<\/li><li>Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed logisti\u010dt\u00ed oper\u00e1to\u0159i;<\/li><li>Poji\u0161\u0165ovny;<\/li><li>Silni\u010dn\u00ed taha\u010de;<\/li><li>\u017delezni\u010dn\u00ed provozovatel\u00e9;<\/li><li>Bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed poradensk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti;<\/li><li>Dopravn\u00ed agenti;<\/li><li>P\u0159epravn\u00ed spole\u010dnosti;<\/li><li>Bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed slu\u017eby;<\/li><li>T\u00fdmy pro \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed dopravn\u00edch center;<\/li><li>Skladn\u00edci.<\/li><\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_2020_Version_of_the_Incoterms%C2%AE_Rules\"><\/span>Verze pravidel Incoterms\u00ae pro rok 2020<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Od sv\u00e9ho prvn\u00edho n\u00e1vrhu v roce 1936 byly Incoterms\u00ae n\u011bkolikr\u00e1t aktualizov\u00e1ny a vylep\u0161eny. Jejich posledn\u00ed, dev\u00e1t\u00e1 verze byla zve\u0159ejn\u011bna v z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2019 a vstoupila v platnost 1. ledna 2020. Na tuto verzi Incoterms\u00ae se zam\u011b\u0159uje n\u00e1\u0161 pr\u016fvodce.&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Incoterms\u00ae 2020 obsahuj\u00ed jeden\u00e1ct samostatn\u00fdch pravidel, kter\u00e1 jsou zkratkami jejich pln\u00fdch term\u00edn\u016f v angli\u010dtin\u011b. N\u00e1sleduje seznam pravidel Incoterms\u00ae 2020 v\u010detn\u011b jejich zkratek a \u00fapln\u00fdch popis\u016f:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>EXW<\/strong> - <strong>EX W<\/strong>orky;<\/li><li><strong>FCA<\/strong> - <strong>F<\/strong>ree <strong>CA<\/strong>rrier;<\/li><li><strong>FAS<\/strong> - <strong>F<\/strong>ree <strong>A<\/strong>vedle <strong>S<\/strong>ky\u010dle;<\/li><li><strong>FOB <\/strong>- <strong>F<\/strong>ree <strong>O<\/strong>n <strong>B<\/strong>oard;<\/li><li><strong>CFR <\/strong>- <strong>C<\/strong>ost a <strong>FR<\/strong>osm;<\/li><li><strong>CIF <\/strong>- <strong>C<\/strong>ost, <strong>I<\/strong>nsurance, a <strong>F<\/strong>v po\u0159\u00e1dku;<\/li><li><strong>CPT <\/strong>- <strong>C<\/strong>s\u0148atek <strong>P<\/strong>pomoc <strong>T<\/strong>o;<\/li><li><strong>CIP <\/strong>- <strong>C<\/strong>man\u017eelstv\u00ed a <strong>I<\/strong>nsurance <strong>P<\/strong>pomoc pro;<\/li><li><strong>DAP <\/strong>- <strong>D<\/strong>elivered <strong>A<\/strong>t <strong>P<\/strong>krajky;<\/li><li><strong>DPU <\/strong>- <strong>D<\/strong>elivered at <strong>P<\/strong>krajka <strong>U<\/strong>nloaded;<\/li><li><strong>DDP <\/strong>- <strong>D<\/strong>elivered <strong>D<\/strong>uty <strong>P<\/strong>pomoc.<\/li><\/ol>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Tyto pojmy m\u016f\u017eeme rozd\u011blit do \u010dty\u0159 skupin, proto\u017ee v\u0161echny za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed jedn\u00edm z t\u011bchto \u010dty\u0159 p\u00edsmen: To je v\u00fdhodn\u00e9 pro klasifikaci pravidel Incoterms\u00ae, proto\u017ee ka\u017ed\u00e1 skupina p\u00edsmen je v\u011bnov\u00e1na \u00faprav\u011b ur\u010dit\u00e9 oblasti. <strong>konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed m\u00edsto nebo dopravn\u00ed \u00fasek dod\u00e1n\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed.<\/strong>:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Pravidla E (Odlet)<\/strong>:<ul><li>M\u00edsto dod\u00e1n\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed: v m\u00edst\u011b p\u016fvodu, v provozovn\u00e1ch prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed strany;<br>- Prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed strana dod\u00e1v\u00e1 zbo\u017e\u00ed ve sv\u00fdch provozovn\u00e1ch a d\u00e1v\u00e1 je tam k dispozici kupuj\u00edc\u00ed stran\u011b;<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Pravidla F (neplacen\u00e1 hlavn\u00ed p\u0159eprava)<\/strong>:<ul><li>M\u00edsto dod\u00e1n\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed: v m\u00edst\u011b p\u016fvodu, kdy si kupuj\u00edc\u00ed strana pronajme dopravu pro dod\u00e1n\u00ed a zaplat\u00ed za ni;<br>- Prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed strana dod\u00e1 zbo\u017e\u00ed do dopravn\u00edho prost\u0159edku bez zaplacen\u00ed;<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Pravidla C (placen\u00fd hlavn\u00ed v\u016fz)<\/strong>:<ul><li>M\u00edsto dod\u00e1n\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed: v m\u00edst\u011b p\u016fvodu, kdy si prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed strana pronajme dopravu pro dod\u00e1n\u00ed a zaplat\u00ed za ni;<br>- Prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed strana dod\u00e1 zbo\u017e\u00ed do dopravn\u00edho prost\u0159edku s platbou a okam\u017eit\u011b p\u0159enese rizika;<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Pravidla D (P\u0159\u00edjezd)<\/strong>:<ul><li>M\u00edsto dod\u00e1n\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed: v m\u00edst\u011b ur\u010den\u00ed ur\u010den\u00e9m kupuj\u00edc\u00ed stranou;<br>- Prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed strana se postar\u00e1 o p\u0159epravu a dod\u00e1n\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed na m\u00edsto ur\u010den\u00ed a nese ve\u0161ker\u00e1 rizika.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"563\" src=\"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Incoterms-1.jpg\" alt=\"Incoterms\" class=\"wp-image-3776\" srcset=\"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Incoterms-1.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/moverdb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Incoterms-1-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/moverdb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Incoterms-1-600x338.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Existuje je\u0161t\u011b jedna popul\u00e1rn\u00ed kategorizace pravidel Incoterms\u00ae, kter\u00e1 je zalo\u017eena na. <strong>zp\u016fsob dopravy<\/strong>:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Pravidla Incoterms\u00ae se zam\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed na <strong>p\u0159eprava jak\u00e9hokoli druhu<\/strong> jsou: EXW, FCA, CPT, CIP, DAP, DPU a DDP;<\/li><li>Pravidla Incoterms\u00ae se zam\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed na <strong>p\u0159eprava na mo\u0159i nebo na vnitrozemsk\u00fdch vodn\u00edch cest\u00e1ch.<\/strong> jsou: FAS, FOB, CFR a CIF.<\/li><\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Ne\u017e se podrobn\u011bji sezn\u00e1m\u00edme s jednotliv\u00fdmi pravidly Incoterms\u00ae, zahrneme do na\u0161eho pr\u016fvodce n\u011bkter\u00e9 d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 aspekty mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho obchodu. D\u00edky tomu budete l\u00e9pe rozum\u011bt tomu, co ka\u017ed\u00e9 pravidlo obn\u00e1\u0161\u00ed. Budete tak\u00e9 l\u00e9pe p\u0159ipraveni na to, jak je spr\u00e1vn\u011b implementovat pro sv\u00e9 konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed po\u017eadavky.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Aspects_of_International_Trade\"><\/span>Aspekty mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho obchodu<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>V t\u00e9to \u010d\u00e1sti se stru\u010dn\u011b zm\u00edn\u00edme o p\u011bti hlavn\u00edch aspektech, kter\u00e9 tvo\u0159\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed proces dod\u00e1n\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed od prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed strany kupuj\u00edc\u00ed stran\u011b. T\u011bchto p\u011bt bod\u016f, kter\u00e9 si p\u0159edstav\u00edme, je n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong><a href=\"#1\">Zp\u016fsoby dopravy<\/a>;<\/strong><\/li><li><strong><a href=\"#2\">N\u00e1klady a rizika<\/a>;<\/strong><\/li><li><strong><a href=\"#3\">Smlouvy o p\u0159eprav\u011b<\/a>;<\/strong><\/li><li><strong><a href=\"#4\">Celn\u00ed odbaven\u00ed (v\u00fdvoz a dovoz)<\/a>;<\/strong><\/li><li><strong><a href=\"#5\">Pojistn\u00e9 smlouvy<\/a>.<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"1\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Modes_of_Transport\"><\/span>1. Zp\u016fsoby dopravy<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Zm\u00ednili jsme, \u017ee pravidla Incoterm\u00ae lze klasifikovat v z\u00e1vislosti na tom, jak\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem dopravy je zbo\u017e\u00ed doru\u010deno od p\u0159epravce ke kupuj\u00edc\u00ed stran\u011b.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Pravidla, kter\u00e1 se t\u00fdkaj\u00ed <strong>n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed doprava<\/strong> (v\u010detn\u011b vnitrozemsk\u00fdch vodn\u00edch cest) jsou FAS, FOB, CFR a CIF. Tento typ dopravy, b\u011b\u017en\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00fd jako n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed doprava, vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 k p\u0159eprav\u011b zbo\u017e\u00ed mezi n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edmi nebo \u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u00edmi p\u0159\u00edstavy v\u0161echny druhy n\u00e1kladn\u00edch lod\u00ed. To m\u016f\u017ee zahrnovat lod\u011b pro p\u0159epravu b\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho n\u00e1kladu, v\u00edce\u00fa\u010delov\u00e1 plavidla, lod\u011b pro p\u0159epravu krmiv, ropn\u00e9 tankery, chlad\u00edrensk\u00e9 lod\u011b, kontejnerov\u00e9 lod\u011b, lod\u011b typu roll-on\/roll-off (p\u0159eprava vozidel), lod\u011b pro p\u0159epravu sypk\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f, lod\u011b pro p\u0159epravu hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch zv\u00ed\u0159at a dal\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\u010cty\u0159i pravidla Incoterms\u00ae, kter\u00e1 se zam\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed na tento druh dopravy, jsou vhodn\u00e1 pro uzav\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed smluv o dod\u00e1vk\u00e1ch zbo\u017e\u00ed typu v\u0161eobecn\u00e9ho n\u00e1kladu (such\u00fd voln\u011b lo\u017een\u00fd n\u00e1klad, voln\u011b lo\u017een\u00e1 ruda, ropa atd.). Nejsou vhodn\u00e1 pro kontejnerov\u00fd n\u00e1klad. Stru\u010dn\u011b \u0159e\u010deno, podle t\u011bchto pravidel Incoterms\u00ae lze zpracovat v\u0161e, co cestuje pouze mezi p\u0159\u00edstavy.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><strong>Kontejnerov\u00fd n\u00e1klad<\/strong> kter\u00e9 jsou p\u0159epravov\u00e1ny n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed dopravou a v\u0161emi ostatn\u00edmi druhy n\u00e1kladn\u00ed dopravy, jako je nap\u0159. <strong>leteck\u00e1, silni\u010dn\u00ed, \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00ed a multimod\u00e1ln\u00ed doprava.<\/strong> lze \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b regulovat dal\u0161\u00edmi sedmi pravidly Incoterms\u00ae. Jsou to EXW, FCA, CPT, CIP, DAP, DPU a DDP. Tato pravidla se mohou vztahovat na jakoukoli kombinaci v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00fdch zp\u016fsob\u016f p\u0159epravy, s v\u00fdjimkou p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f, kdy je gener\u00e1ln\u00ed n\u00e1klad p\u0159epravov\u00e1n v\u00fdhradn\u011b z p\u0159\u00edstavu do p\u0159\u00edstavu.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>N\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed p\u0159eprava z p\u0159\u00edstavu do p\u0159\u00edstavu, kter\u00e1 zahrnuje rozd\u011blen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edchoz\u00edch n\u00e1kladov\u00fdch jednotek, mus\u00ed m\u00edt samostatnou smlouvu mezi odes\u00edlatelem a dopravcem.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Multimod\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159eprava, kter\u00e1 m\u016f\u017ee kombinovat trasy zahrnuj\u00edc\u00ed lod\u011b, vlaky, n\u00e1kladn\u00ed automobily, letadla a dal\u0161\u00ed dopravn\u00ed prost\u0159edky, pot\u0159ebuje jin\u00e9 pravidlo regulace, proto\u017ee n\u00e1kladov\u00e1 jednotka nen\u00ed rozd\u011blena poka\u017ed\u00e9, kdy\u017e jin\u00fd druh dopravy p\u0159evezme p\u0159epravovan\u00fd n\u00e1klad.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"2\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Costs_and_Risks\"><\/span>2. N\u00e1klady a rizika<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed doru\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed je spojeno s p\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u00fdmi n\u00e1klady a riziky. Existuje mnoho faktor\u016f, kter\u00e9 m\u011bn\u00ed n\u00e1klady a rizika dod\u00e1n\u00ed v z\u00e1vislosti na vzd\u00e1lenosti mezi v\u00fdchoz\u00edm bodem X a kone\u010dn\u00fdm bodem Y, na zp\u016fsobu (nebo n\u011bkolika zp\u016fsobech) dopravy nezbytn\u00e9m pro dod\u00e1n\u00ed, na druhu a povaze zbo\u017e\u00ed (voln\u011b lo\u017een\u00e9, k\u0159ehk\u00fd obsah, hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 zv\u00ed\u0159ata, n\u00e1klad v kontejnerech, n\u00e1klad na palet\u00e1ch atd.) a na dal\u0161\u00edch specifikac\u00edch uveden\u00fdch v mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed kupn\u00ed smlouv\u011b.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>N\u00e1klady a rizika spojen\u00e1 s mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm dod\u00e1n\u00edm zbo\u017e\u00ed m\u016f\u017eeme rozd\u011blit podle v\u00fdchoz\u00edho nebo kone\u010dn\u00e9ho m\u00edsta dod\u00e1n\u00ed:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>N\u00e1klady a rizika v m\u00edst\u011b p\u016fvodu (v\u00fdchoz\u00edho bodu) zbo\u017e\u00ed<\/strong>:<ul><li>Ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed;<\/li><li>Balen\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed;<\/li><li>Konfigurace n\u00e1kladov\u00fdch jednotek;<\/li><li>Poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed;<\/li><li>Nakl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed a zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed pro p\u0159epravu;<\/li><li>P\u0159eprava zbo\u017e\u00ed v zemi p\u016fvodu;<\/li><li>V\u00fdvozn\u00ed celn\u00ed odbaven\u00ed;<\/li><li>manipulace se zbo\u017e\u00edm p\u0159i odjezdu z p\u0159\u00edstavu nebo termin\u00e1lu v zemi p\u016fvodu;<\/li><li>Hlavn\u00ed doprava.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>N\u00e1klady a rizika v m\u00edst\u011b ur\u010den\u00ed (kone\u010dn\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b) zbo\u017e\u00ed<\/strong>:<ul><li>Poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed;<\/li><li>manipulace se zbo\u017e\u00edm p\u0159i p\u0159\u00edjezdu do p\u0159\u00edstavu nebo termin\u00e1lu v zemi ur\u010den\u00ed;<\/li><li>Dovozn\u00ed celn\u00ed odbaven\u00ed;<\/li><li>P\u0159eprava zbo\u017e\u00ed v zemi ur\u010den\u00ed;<\/li><li>Vykl\u00e1dka a p\u0159\u00edjem zbo\u017e\u00ed v m\u00edst\u011b ur\u010den\u00ed.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed strana nese ve\u0161ker\u00e1 rizika a\u017e do okam\u017eiku dod\u00e1n\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed ve stanoven\u00e9m term\u00ednu. Za m\u00edsto dod\u00e1n\u00ed lze pova\u017eovat cokoli, na \u010dem se prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed i kupuj\u00edc\u00ed strana dohodnou ve sv\u00e9 mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed kupn\u00ed smlouv\u011b, proto m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edsto dod\u00e1n\u00ed nastat v m\u00edst\u011b p\u016fvodu (prostory prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed strany), na jak\u00e9mkoli m\u00edst\u011b b\u011bhem p\u0159epravy zbo\u017e\u00ed (distribu\u010dn\u00ed plo\u0161ina, p\u0159i n\u00e1stupu do letadla, na \u017eeleznici, do n\u00e1kladn\u00edho automobilu nebo na lo\u010f, celn\u00ed termin\u00e1l atd.) nebo na adrese ur\u010den\u00ed (prostory kupuj\u00edc\u00ed strany).<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>V okam\u017eiku dod\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ech\u00e1z\u00ed rizika z prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed strany na kupuj\u00edc\u00ed stranu v dohodnut\u00fd den a \u010das.&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Aspekt n\u00e1klad\u016f a rizik logistick\u00e9ho \u0159et\u011bzce je jedn\u00edm z nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch aspekt\u016f p\u0159i dod\u00e1vce zbo\u017e\u00ed, proto by si prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed i kupuj\u00edc\u00ed strana m\u011bly polo\u017eit n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed ot\u00e1zky, aby mohly \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b vypracovat komplexn\u00ed a \u00fa\u010dinnou kupn\u00ed smlouvu:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Jak\u00e9 n\u00e1klady a rizika jsou s danou prodejn\u00ed transakc\u00ed spojeny?<\/li><li>Kdo nese p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 n\u00e1klady a rizika spojen\u00e1 s dod\u00e1n\u00edm zbo\u017e\u00ed, v jak\u00e9m rozsahu a v jak\u00e9 f\u00e1zi dodac\u00ed cesty?<\/li><\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"3\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Carriage_Contracts\"><\/span>3. Smlouvy o p\u0159eprav\u011b<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Zm\u00ednili jsme, \u017ee a\u010dkoli se pravidla Incoterms\u00ae vztahuj\u00ed pouze na prodejn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st smlouvy, jejich uplat\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed siln\u011b ovliv\u0148uje podm\u00ednky pron\u00e1jmu dopravc\u016f.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>P\u0159epravn\u00ed smlouvy obsahuj\u00ed podm\u00ednky dohody uzav\u0159en\u00e9 mezi odes\u00edlatelem zbo\u017e\u00ed a dopravcem a jsou zcela samostatn\u00fdm dokumentem nebo samostatnou \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed smlouvy, kter\u00e1 obsahuje dohodnut\u00e1 pravidla Incoterms\u00ae.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>P\u0159epravn\u00ed spole\u010dnosti obvykle po\u017eaduj\u00ed, aby strana, kter\u00e1 ponese n\u00e1klady na p\u0159epravu zbo\u017e\u00ed, sd\u011blila, kter\u00e1 pravidla Incoterms\u00ae byla v mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed kupn\u00ed smlouv\u011b navr\u017eena, aby mohly na z\u00e1klad\u011b t\u011bchto informac\u00ed vystavit cenovou nab\u00eddku.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"4\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_Customs_Clearance_Export_and_Import\"><\/span>4. Celn\u00ed odbaven\u00ed (v\u00fdvoz a dovoz)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>P\u0159i mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm obchodu se celn\u00ed odbaven\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed prov\u00e1d\u00ed v\u017edy p\u0159i v\u00fdvozu (odesl\u00e1n\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed) a dovozu (p\u0159ijet\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed).<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Postupy celn\u00edho odbaven\u00ed zahrnuj\u00ed kontrolu n\u00e1kladov\u00e9 jednotky odes\u00edlan\u00e9 prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed stranou a spr\u00e1vu pr\u016fvodn\u00ed dokumentace.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed strana je rovn\u011b\u017e odpov\u011bdn\u00e1 za proveden\u00ed v\u00fdvozn\u00edho celn\u00edho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed podle v\u0161ech pravidel Incoterms\u00ae, s v\u00fdjimkou p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f EXW (Ex Works), kdy se dod\u00e1vka zbo\u017e\u00ed prov\u00e1d\u00ed v prostor\u00e1ch stropn\u00ed strany.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Stejn\u011b tak kupuj\u00edc\u00ed strana p\u0159eb\u00edr\u00e1 odpov\u011bdnost za proveden\u00ed dovozn\u00edho celn\u00edho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed po p\u0159\u00edjezdu zbo\u017e\u00ed do zem\u011b ur\u010den\u00ed. To plat\u00ed i pro v\u0161echna pravidla Incoterms\u00ae s v\u00fdjimkou pravidla DDP (Delivered Duty Paid), kde je v podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch zd\u016frazn\u011bno, \u017ee ve\u0161ker\u00e9 n\u00e1klady na dod\u00e1n\u00ed a rizika nese prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed strana.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"5\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_Insurance_Policies\"><\/span>5. Pojistn\u00e9 smlouvy<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Sjedn\u00e1n\u00ed poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed pro p\u0159epravu zbo\u017e\u00ed je podle v\u011bt\u0161iny pravidel Incoterms\u00ae nepovinn\u00e9. Jedin\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edpady jsou CIF (Cost, Insurance, and Freight) a CIP (Carriage Insurance Paid to), kdy je prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed strana povinna uzav\u0159\u00edt poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159epravy a pokr\u00fdt rizika zbo\u017e\u00ed nebo \u0161kody kupuj\u00edc\u00ed strany.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Ob\u011b tato pravidla Incoterms\u00ae se vztahuj\u00ed na hlavn\u00ed p\u0159epravn\u00ed f\u00e1zi logistick\u00e9ho \u0159et\u011bzce p\u0159i dod\u00e1vce zbo\u017e\u00ed; jedin\u00fd rozd\u00edl je v tom, \u017ee jedno z nich (CIF) se vztahuje pouze na n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed dopravu (n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed a vnitrozemskou vodn\u00ed dopravu) a druh\u00e9 pravidlo (CIP) se vztahuje na v\u0161echny druhy dopravy, kter\u00e9 jsou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed multimod\u00e1ln\u00ed dopravy (n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed, \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00ed, silni\u010dn\u00ed, leteck\u00e1 nebo potrubn\u00ed).<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>V ka\u017ed\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b se oba pir\u00e1ti mohou (individu\u00e1ln\u011b nebo vz\u00e1jemn\u011b) dohodnout na sjedn\u00e1n\u00ed poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159epravy podle jak\u00e9hokoli pravidla Incoterms\u00ae. To se velmi doporu\u010duje, proto\u017ee by to mohlo eliminovat ur\u010dit\u00e1 rizika, kter\u00e1 jsou v p\u0159epravn\u00edm \u0159et\u011bzci v\u017edy p\u0159\u00edtomna.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159epravy lze sjednat za p\u0159edem dohodnut\u00fdch podm\u00ednek uveden\u00fdch v pojistn\u00fdch smlouv\u00e1ch. V t\u011bchto podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt uvedeno, kter\u00e1 strana zbo\u017e\u00ed poji\u0161\u0165uje a kryje rizika podle m\u00edsta dod\u00e1n\u00ed a p\u0159echodu rizik.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Incoterms%C2%AE_2020_Rules_Explained\"><\/span>Vysv\u011btlen\u00ed pravidel Incoterms\u00ae 2020<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"959\" height=\"543\" src=\"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/incoterms-chart.png\" alt=\"Graf vysv\u011btluj\u00edc\u00ed jednotliv\u00e1 pravidla Incoterms 2020\" class=\"wp-image-3764\" srcset=\"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/incoterms-chart.png 959w, https:\/\/moverdb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/incoterms-chart-300x170.png 300w, https:\/\/moverdb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/incoterms-chart-600x340.png 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 959px) 100vw, 959px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Zde se podrobn\u011bji v\u011bnujeme jednotliv\u00fdm pravidl\u016fm Incoterms\u00ae 2020 a vysv\u011btl\u00edme, co v\u0161echno obn\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed, jak\u00e9 sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159e jsou pro ur\u010dit\u00e9 Incoterms nejvhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a kter\u00e9 Incoterms jsou nejv\u00fdhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pro prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed nebo kupuj\u00edc\u00ed stranu.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Nejprve se m\u016f\u017eete pod\u00edvat na n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed tabulku, kde jasn\u011b ukazujeme, kter\u00e9 povinnosti jsou vy\u017eadov\u00e1ny pro jednu ze z\u00fa\u010dastn\u011bn\u00fdch stran a podle kter\u00e9ho pravidla Incoterms\u00ae.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-25\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-25 tbody-has-connected-cells\">\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<td rowspan=\"2\" class=\"column-1\"><h6 style=\"text-align:center;\">Povinnosti t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se dod\u00e1n\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed<\/h6><\/td><td colspan=\"12\" class=\"column-2\"><h5 style=\"text-align:center;\">Pravidla Incoterms\u00ae 2020<\/h5><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td class=\"column-2\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">EXW<\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">FCA<br \/>\n(m\u00edsto p\u016fvodu)<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">FCA<br \/>\n(dohodnut\u00e9 m\u00edsto)<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">FAS<\/td><td class=\"column-6\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">FOB<\/td><td class=\"column-7\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">CFR<\/td><td class=\"column-8\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">CPT<\/td><td class=\"column-9\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">CIF<\/td><td class=\"column-10\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">CIP<\/td><td class=\"column-11\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">DAP<\/td><td class=\"column-12\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">DPU<\/td><td class=\"column-13\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">DDP<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Balen\u00ed<br \/>\n<br \/>\n<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-6\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-7\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-8\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-9\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-10\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-11\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-12\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-13\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">V\u00fdvozn\u00ed n\u00e1klady na certifikaci, dokumentaci atd.<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-6\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-7\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-8\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-9\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-10\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-11\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-12\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-13\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Nakl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed pro vnitrozemskou p\u0159epravu<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-6\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-7\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-8\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-9\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-10\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-11\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-12\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-13\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-6\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">V\u00fdvozn\u00ed celn\u00ed odbaven\u00ed<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-6\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-7\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-8\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-9\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-10\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-11\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-12\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-13\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-7\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Vnitrozemsk\u00e1 doprava<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-6\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-7\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-8\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-9\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-10\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-11\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-12\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-13\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-8\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">P\u0159eprava do p\u0159\u00edstavu nebo termin\u00e1lu<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-6\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-7\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-8\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-9\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-10\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-11\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-12\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-13\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-9\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">N\u00e1klady na p\u0159\u00edstav nebo termin\u00e1l p\u016fvodu (da\u0148, THC atd.)<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-6\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-7\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-8\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-9\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-10\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-11\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-12\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-13\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-10\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Zdarma na palub\u011b<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-6\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-7\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-8\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-9\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-10\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-11\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-12\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-13\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-11\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Hlavn\u00ed doprava<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-6\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-7\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-8\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-9\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-10\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-11\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-12\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-13\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-12\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed dopravy<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u26ab<\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u26ab<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u26ab<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u26ab<\/td><td class=\"column-6\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u26ab<\/td><td class=\"column-7\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u26ab<\/td><td class=\"column-8\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u26ab<\/td><td class=\"column-9\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-10\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-11\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u26ab<\/td><td class=\"column-12\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u26ab<\/td><td class=\"column-13\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u26ab<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-13\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Vykl\u00e1dka v p\u0159\u00edstavu nebo termin\u00e1lu<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-6\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-7\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-8\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-9\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-10\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-11\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-12\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-13\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-14\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">N\u00e1klady na c\u00edlov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstav nebo termin\u00e1l (da\u0148, THC atd.)<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-6\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-7\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-8\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-9\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-10\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-11\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-12\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-13\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-15\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Dovozn\u00ed celn\u00ed odbaven\u00ed<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-6\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-7\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-8\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-9\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-10\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-11\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-12\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-13\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-16\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">P\u0159eprava z p\u0159\u00edstavu nebo termin\u00e1lu do m\u00edsta ur\u010den\u00ed<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-6\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-7\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-8\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-9\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-10\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-11\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-12\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-13\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-17\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Vykl\u00e1dka zbo\u017e\u00ed z kone\u010dn\u00e9 p\u0159epravy<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-6\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-7\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-8\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-9\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-10\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-11\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td><td class=\"column-12\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1b<\/td><td class=\"column-13\"><p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u2b1c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-25 from cache -->\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><sup>\u2b1b - prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed spole\u010dnost nese n\u00e1klady na z\u00e1vazek podle uveden\u00e9ho pravidla.<br>\u2b1c - kupuj\u00edc\u00ed spole\u010dnost nese n\u00e1klady na z\u00e1vazek podle uveden\u00e9ho pravidla.<br>\u26ab - poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159epravy je podle uveden\u00e9ho pravidla nepovinn\u00e9<\/sup><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><a href=\"#EXW\">EXW (Ex Works)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#FCA\">FCA (Free Carrier)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#FAS\">FAS (Free Alongside Ship)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#FOB\">FOB (Free on Board)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#CFR\">CFR (n\u00e1klady a p\u0159epravn\u00e9)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#CIF\">CIF (n\u00e1klady, poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed a p\u0159eprava)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#CPT\">CPT (Carriage Paid to)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#CIP\">CIP (Carriage and Insurance Paid to)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#DAP\">DAP (dod\u00e1no na m\u00edsto)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#DPU\">DPU (dod\u00e1no na m\u00edsto vykl\u00e1dky)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#DDP\">DDP (dodan\u00e9 clo placen\u00e9)<\/a><\/li><\/ol>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"EXW\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_EXW_Ex_Works\"><\/span>1. EXW (Ex Works)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Prvn\u00ed z pravidel Incoterms\u00ae je jedine\u010dn\u00e9 z n\u011bkolika d\u016fvod\u016f. Je to jedin\u00e9 pravidlo ve skupin\u011b pravidel E, proto\u017ee je to jedin\u00e9 pravidlo, kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uje dod\u00e1n\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed v m\u00edst\u011b jeho p\u016fvodu. Je to tak\u00e9 pravidlo, kter\u00e9 ukl\u00e1d\u00e1 minim\u00e1ln\u00ed povinnosti prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed stran\u011b, ale zam\u011b\u0159uje se p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na \u00fapravu povinnost\u00ed kupuj\u00edc\u00ed strany.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Pravidlo Ex Works umo\u017e\u0148uje prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed stran\u011b splnit sv\u00e9 z\u00e1vazky bez nalo\u017een\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed na po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159epravu, o kterou se postar\u00e1 kupuj\u00edc\u00ed strana. A\u010dkoli lze vypracovat zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed variantu ozna\u010denou jako \"LOADED\", kter\u00e1 n\u00e1sleduje po term\u00ednu EXW a kter\u00e1 znamen\u00e1, \u017ee prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed spole\u010dnost souhlas\u00ed s nalo\u017een\u00edm zbo\u017e\u00ed na po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed dopravn\u00ed prost\u0159edek.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Mezi povinnosti prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed strany pat\u0159\u00ed zabalit a ozna\u010dit zbo\u017e\u00ed a poskytnout kupuj\u00edc\u00ed stran\u011b doklad o p\u0159evzet\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Chcete-li vyu\u017e\u00edt pravidla EXW, doporu\u010dujeme kupuj\u00edc\u00edm, aby p\u0159i pron\u00e1jmu p\u0159epravn\u00edho vozidla zajistili, \u017ee je v cen\u011b zahrnuta i nakl\u00e1dka, a p\u0159ede\u0161li tak zbyte\u010dn\u00fdm incident\u016fm.&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>EXW je vhodn\u00e1 pro krat\u0161\u00ed vzd\u00e1lenosti mezi v\u00fdchoz\u00edm a c\u00edlov\u00fdm m\u00edstem ur\u010den\u00ed, kde se zbo\u017e\u00ed p\u0159epravuje v men\u0161\u00edch z\u00e1silk\u00e1ch nebo bal\u00edkov\u00fdch z\u00e1silk\u00e1ch.&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><strong>Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 vlastnosti EXW<\/strong>:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>M\u00edsto dod\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong>: M\u00edstem dod\u00e1n\u00ed mohou b\u00fdt vlastn\u00ed prostory prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed strany nebo jin\u00e9 ur\u010den\u00e9 m\u00edsto, kter\u00e9 je uvedeno v mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed kupn\u00ed smlouv\u011b (nap\u0159. sklad, distribu\u010dn\u00ed platforma, tov\u00e1rna, depo atd.);<\/li><li><strong>M\u00edsto p\u0159evodu rizik<\/strong>: M\u00edstem, kde doch\u00e1z\u00ed k p\u0159evodu rizik, jsou rovn\u011b\u017e vlastn\u00ed prostory prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed strany;<\/li><li><strong>Zp\u016fsoby dopravy<\/strong>: Po obdr\u017een\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed je kupuj\u00edc\u00ed strana odpov\u011bdn\u00e1 za zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed jeho p\u0159epravy a\u017e do m\u00edsta ur\u010den\u00ed. P\u0159eprava podle tohoto pravidla m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt multimod\u00e1ln\u00ed (n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed, \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00ed, silni\u010dn\u00ed nebo leteck\u00e1);<\/li><li><strong>Celn\u00ed odbaven\u00ed<\/strong>: Po obdr\u017een\u00ed pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 dokumentace od prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed strany je kupuj\u00edc\u00ed strana odpov\u011bdn\u00e1 za proveden\u00ed v\u00fdvozn\u00edho i dovozn\u00edho celn\u00edho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Pokud trasa dod\u00e1vky proch\u00e1z\u00ed v\u00edce zem\u011bmi, tranzitn\u00ed postupy jsou rovn\u011b\u017e v kompetenci kupuj\u00edc\u00ed strany;<\/li><li><strong>Poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed dopravy<\/strong>: Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee cel\u00e1 p\u0159eprava zbo\u017e\u00ed, jej\u00ed rizika a n\u00e1klady nese kupuj\u00edc\u00ed strana, je na n\u00ed, aby se rozhodla, zda chce svou n\u00e1kladovou jednotku pojistit proti rizik\u016fm\/po\u0161kozen\u00edm b\u011bhem p\u0159epravy.<\/li><\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Osv\u011bd\u010den\u00e9 postupy pro EXW (Ex Works)<\/h4>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>N\u00e1\u0161 skromn\u00fd n\u00e1zor na term\u00edn EXW (Ex Works) je, \u017ee je vhodn\u00fd sp\u00ed\u0161e pro vnitrost\u00e1tn\u00ed ne\u017e mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed obchod. Nej\u010dast\u011bji se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 pro kur\u00fdrn\u00ed p\u0159epravu, kdy najat\u00fd kur\u00fdr zodpov\u00edd\u00e1 za v\u0161e od nakl\u00e1dky a\u017e po p\u0159epravu a vykl\u00e1dku v m\u00edst\u011b ur\u010den\u00ed.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st odpov\u011bdnosti le\u017e\u00ed na kupuj\u00edc\u00ed stran\u011b, doporu\u010dujeme ka\u017ed\u00e9mu, kdo souhlas\u00ed s pravidlem EXW, aby si najal spolehlivou firmu. <a href=\"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/cs\/freight-forwarder\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"17\" title=\"Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed spedice a NVOCC Pr\u016fvodce n\u00e1klady a spole\u010dnostmi\">spedice<\/a> prov\u00e1d\u011bt v\u0161e v logistick\u00e9m \u0159et\u011bzci a minimalizovat rizika a dal\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1klady.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"FCA\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_FCA_Free_Carrier\"><\/span>2. FCA (Free Carrier)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Voln\u00fd p\u0159epravce - FCA je prvn\u00ed ze t\u0159\u00ed pravidel F Incoterms\u00ae a jedin\u00e9 pravidlo v t\u00e9to skupin\u011b, kter\u00e9 se t\u00fdk\u00e1 multimod\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159epravy.&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Pokud se prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed a kupuj\u00edc\u00ed strana dohodnou na vypo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed kupn\u00ed smlouvy v souladu s t\u00edmto pravidlem, prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed strana p\u0159eb\u00edr\u00e1 odpov\u011bdnost za dod\u00e1n\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed a\u017e do m\u00edsta, kde za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 hlavn\u00ed p\u0159epravn\u00ed f\u00e1ze logistick\u00e9ho \u0159et\u011bzce.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Na rozd\u00edl od mnoha pravidel Incoterms\u00ae poskytuje pravidlo FCA v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed flexibilitu p\u0159i rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed o tom, co se ur\u010d\u00ed jako m\u00edsto dod\u00e1n\u00ed. Prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed a kupuj\u00edc\u00ed strany si mohou vybrat mezi m\u00edstem p\u016fvodu prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edho (jeho prostory, kter\u00e9 mohou zahrnovat sklady, distribu\u010dn\u00ed plo\u0161iny, tov\u00e1rny, depa atd.) nebo ur\u010den\u00fdm m\u00edstem, kde bude zbo\u017e\u00ed k dispozici pro zah\u00e1jen\u00ed sv\u00e9 hlavn\u00ed cesty (n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed nebo vnitrozemsk\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstav, leteck\u00fd n\u00e1kladn\u00ed termin\u00e1l, \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00ed kontejnerov\u00fd termin\u00e1l, spedi\u010dn\u00ed sklad atd.).<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Podle tohoto pravidla je povinnost\u00ed kupuj\u00edc\u00ed strany najmout dopravce pro hlavn\u00ed p\u0159epravu zbo\u017e\u00ed a n\u00e9st jeho n\u00e1klady a rizika.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Z tohoto pravidla je tak\u00e9 z\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed strana je tou, kter\u00e1 by m\u011bla zbo\u017e\u00ed procl\u00edt pro v\u00fdvoz a uhradit n\u00e1klady na v\u00fdvozn\u00ed certifikaci a dokumentaci.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><strong>Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 vlastnosti FCA<\/strong>:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>M\u00edsto dod\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong>: Je-li dohodnut\u00fdm m\u00edstem m\u00edsto p\u016fvodu, je prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed strana povinna nalo\u017eit zbo\u017e\u00ed na palubu dopravn\u00edho prost\u0159edku najat\u00e9ho kupuj\u00edc\u00ed stranou. Pokud je dohodnut\u00fdm m\u00edstem dod\u00e1n\u00ed jin\u00e9 ur\u010den\u00e9 m\u00edsto, prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed strana odpov\u00edd\u00e1 za nalo\u017een\u00ed a dod\u00e1n\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm vnitrozemsk\u00e9 dopravy a za to, \u017ee zbo\u017e\u00ed bude k dispozici pro vykl\u00e1dku dopravcem najat\u00fdm a zaplacen\u00fdm kupuj\u00edc\u00ed stranou;<\/li><li><strong>M\u00edsto p\u0159evodu rizik<\/strong>: M\u00edstem p\u0159echodu rizik mohou b\u00fdt v z\u00e1vislosti na m\u00edst\u011b dod\u00e1n\u00ed bu\u010f vlastn\u00ed prostory prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed strany, nebo ur\u010den\u00e9 m\u00edsto, kde je zbo\u017e\u00ed vylo\u017eeno z dopravn\u00edho prost\u0159edku prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edho;<\/li><li><strong>Zp\u016fsoby dopravy<\/strong>: Pravidlo FCA umo\u017e\u0148uje multimod\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159epravu pro ob\u011b strany (n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed, \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00ed, silni\u010dn\u00ed nebo leteckou) - a\u0165 u\u017e se jedn\u00e1 o vnitrozemskou p\u0159epravu prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed strany nebo hlavn\u00ed p\u0159epravu kupuj\u00edc\u00ed strany;<\/li><li><strong>Celn\u00ed odbaven\u00ed<\/strong>: Na rozd\u00edl od pravidla EXW, kdy ve\u0161ker\u00e9 celn\u00ed odbaven\u00ed prov\u00e1d\u011bla kupuj\u00edc\u00ed strana, je podle pravidla FCA povinnost\u00ed prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed strany postarat se o v\u00fdvozn\u00ed celn\u00ed odbaven\u00ed. Za dovozn\u00ed a p\u0159evodn\u00ed celn\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed odpov\u00edd\u00e1 kupuj\u00edc\u00ed strana;<\/li><li><strong>Poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed dopravy<\/strong>: Podle tohoto pravidla nese nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st odpov\u011bdnosti kupuj\u00edc\u00ed strana, ale ani jedna z nich nen\u00ed povinna uzav\u0159\u00edt dopravn\u00ed poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed.<\/li><\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Osv\u011bd\u010den\u00e9 postupy pro FCA (Free Carrier)<\/h4>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>M\u011blo by b\u00fdt samoz\u0159ejm\u00e9, ale c\u00edt\u00edme povinnost upozornit, \u017ee kupuj\u00edc\u00ed a prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed strany mus\u00ed d\u016fkladn\u011b prodiskutovat t\u00e9ma v\u00fdb\u011bru p\u0159esn\u00e9ho m\u00edsta dod\u00e1n\u00ed. To je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 zejm\u00e9na pro kupuj\u00edc\u00ed stranu, nebo\u0165 pr\u00e1v\u011b zde doch\u00e1z\u00ed k p\u0159evodu rizik.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Za zm\u00ednku stoj\u00ed tak\u00e9 to, \u017ee pravidlo FCA je vhodn\u00e9 pro p\u0159epravu zbo\u017e\u00ed v kontejnerech v n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed doprav\u011b nebo v n\u00e1kladn\u00edch automobilech v silni\u010dn\u00ed doprav\u011b.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"FAS\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_FAS_Free_Alongside_Ship\"><\/span>3. FAS (Free Alongside Ship)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Druh\u00fdm pravidlem ze skupiny pravidel F je pravidlo FAS - Free Alongside Ship - prvn\u00ed pravidlo Incoterms\u00ae ur\u010den\u00e9 k regulaci mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edch obchodn\u00edch transakc\u00ed.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Toto pravidlo lze pou\u017e\u00edt v\u017edy, kdy\u017e si kupuj\u00edc\u00ed strana najme plavidlo, aby provedlo dod\u00e1n\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed b\u011bhem hlavn\u00ed f\u00e1ze p\u0159epravy v logistick\u00e9m \u0159et\u011bzci. Pravidlo FAS lze tedy pou\u017e\u00edt pouze pro p\u0159epravu, kter\u00e1 prob\u00edh\u00e1 na mo\u0159i nebo na vnitrozemsk\u00fdch vodn\u00edch cest\u00e1ch.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Povinnosti prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed strany zde zahrnuj\u00ed zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ostrovn\u00ed p\u0159epravy zbo\u017e\u00ed a\u017e do doku\/p\u0159\u00edstavi\u0161t\u011b, kde najat\u00e9 plavidlo kupuj\u00edc\u00edho zbo\u017e\u00ed p\u0159ijme, odtud tak\u00e9 jeho n\u00e1zev (alongside ship). Prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed by m\u011bl dodat zbo\u017e\u00ed v dohodnut\u00e9m term\u00ednu a \u010dase a dodat kupuj\u00edc\u00ed stran\u011b souvisej\u00edc\u00ed n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed\/portovn\u00ed doklady, kter\u00e9 toto dod\u00e1n\u00ed prokazuj\u00ed.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Dle uv\u00e1\u017een\u00ed kupuj\u00edc\u00edho je mo\u017en\u00e9<strong> n\u00e1kladn\u00ed list<\/strong>, co\u017e je potvrzen\u00ed o p\u0159evzet\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed, kter\u00e9 bude na palub\u011b ur\u010deno k p\u0159eprav\u011b, lze z\u00edskat za pomoci prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed strany.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Stru\u010dn\u011b \u0159e\u010deno, povinnosti prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed strany zahrnuj\u00ed balen\u00ed, ozna\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed, z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdvozn\u00edho povolen\u00ed, nakl\u00e1dku, p\u0159epravu zbo\u017e\u00ed na p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 n\u00e1kladn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstavi\u0161t\u011b nebo termin\u00e1l a vykl\u00e1dku.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><strong>Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 vlastnosti syst\u00e9mu FAS<\/strong>:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>M\u00edsto dod\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong>: N\u00e1kladi\u0161t\u011b nebo p\u0159\u00edstavn\u00ed termin\u00e1l ur\u010den\u00fd kupuj\u00edc\u00ed stranou, vedle najat\u00e9ho plavidla kupuj\u00edc\u00edho, v den a \u010das uveden\u00fd v mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed kupn\u00ed smlouv\u011b;<\/li><li><strong>M\u00edsto p\u0159evodu rizik<\/strong>: Stejn\u011b jako m\u00edsto dod\u00e1n\u00ed - jakmile je zbo\u017e\u00ed vylo\u017eeno z dopravn\u00edho prost\u0159edku prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edho a p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e1 dokumentace je p\u0159ed\u00e1na z\u00e1stupci kupuj\u00edc\u00edho, m\u00e1 se za to, \u017ee rizika p\u0159ech\u00e1zej\u00ed na kupuj\u00edc\u00ed stranu;<\/li><li><strong>Zp\u016fsoby dopravy<\/strong>: Pravidlo FAS se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 pouze v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed dopravy (lod\u011b pro p\u0159epravu v\u0161eobecn\u00e9ho n\u00e1kladu, v\u00edce\u00fa\u010delov\u00e1 plavidla, ropn\u00e9 tankery, lod\u011b typu roll-on\/roll-off (p\u0159eprava vozidel), lod\u011b pro p\u0159epravu sypk\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f atd.).<\/li><li><strong>Celn\u00ed odbaven\u00ed<\/strong>: Podle pravidla FAS nese prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed strana povinnost postarat se o v\u00fdvozn\u00ed celn\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Za dovozn\u00ed celn\u00ed odbaven\u00ed a transferov\u00e9 odbaven\u00ed odpov\u00edd\u00e1 kupuj\u00edc\u00ed strana;<\/li><li><strong>Poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed dopravy<\/strong>: Stejn\u011b jako u pravidla FCA je v z\u00e1jmu kupuj\u00edc\u00ed strany, aby si po\u0159\u00eddila poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159epravy podle pravidla FAS, ale v praxi nen\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 ze stran omezena v tom, aby si poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159epravy sjednala.<\/li><\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Osv\u011bd\u010den\u00e9 postupy pro FAS (Free Alongside Ship)<\/h4>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee zbo\u017e\u00ed je doru\u010dov\u00e1no p\u0159\u00edmo pod\u00e9l najat\u00e9ho plavidla kupuj\u00edc\u00edho, nen\u00ed pravidlo FAS nejvhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, pokud jde o doru\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed kontejnerov\u00e9ho n\u00e1kladu, proto\u017ee p\u0159epravn\u00ed kontejnery se ukl\u00e1daj\u00ed a skladuj\u00ed pouze na ur\u010den\u00fdch m\u00edstech.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Doporu\u010duje se, aby kupuj\u00edc\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvali pravidlo FAS, pokud nakupuj\u00ed voln\u011b lo\u017een\u00e9 zbo\u017e\u00ed, vozidla, t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 stroje, investi\u010dn\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed, velk\u00e9 objemy a jin\u00e9 podobn\u011b balen\u00e9 zbo\u017e\u00ed.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>P\u0159i volb\u011b tohoto pravidla je t\u0159eba, aby kupuj\u00edc\u00ed strana pe\u010dliv\u011b sledovala, proto\u017ee term\u00edn \"vedle\" m\u016f\u017ee obsahovat n\u011bkolik \u0161ed\u00fdch oblast\u00ed, pokud by do\u0161lo ke sporu.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"FOB\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_FOB_Free_on_Board\"><\/span>4. FOB (Free on Board)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Pravidlo FOB Incoterms\u00ae (Free on Board), kter\u00e9 roz\u0161i\u0159uje pravidlo FAS, je t\u0159et\u00edm a posledn\u00edm z pravidel F.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Jedn\u00e1 se o dal\u0161\u00ed pravidlo, kter\u00e9 upravuje n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed dopravu (n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed a vnitrozemskou vodn\u00ed dopravu), a o jednu povinnost prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed strany, kter\u00e1 je v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e pravidlo FAS, a to je nalo\u017een\u00ed plavidla najat\u00e9ho kupuj\u00edc\u00ed stranou zbo\u017e\u00edm, kter\u00e9 m\u00e1 b\u00fdt dod\u00e1no.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>T\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem si prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed strana sama opat\u0159\u00ed konosament, a proto je povinna jej poskytnout kupuj\u00edc\u00ed spole\u010dnosti, i kdy\u017e si p\u0159epravn\u00ed spole\u010dnost naj\u00edm\u00e1 p\u0159epravn\u00ed slu\u017ebu.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Tato dokumentace se po\u0159izuje na \u017e\u00e1dost kupuj\u00edc\u00ed strany a prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed strana je povinna j\u00ed v t\u00e9to \u017e\u00e1dosti pomoci. N\u00e1klady a rizika spojen\u00e9 s touto povinnost\u00ed v\u0161ak st\u00e1le nese kupuj\u00edc\u00ed strana.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>I kdy\u017e tedy kupuj\u00edc\u00ed plat\u00ed za nalo\u017een\u00ed a ulo\u017een\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed na objednanou lo\u010f, rizika v t\u00e9to f\u00e1zi st\u00e1le nese prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed strana.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Pravidlo FOB se \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 u hromadn\u00fdch z\u00e1silek a je \u010dasto dopln\u011bno dodatky, jako je \"STOWED\" nebo \"STOWED and TRIMMED\", kter\u00e9 ozna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee zbo\u017e\u00ed bylo \u0159\u00e1dn\u011b nalo\u017eeno na lo\u010f, vyrovn\u00e1no a zaji\u0161t\u011bno.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><strong>Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 vlastnosti FOB<\/strong>:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>M\u00edsto dod\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong>: Zbo\u017e\u00ed se pova\u017euje za dodan\u00e9 prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed stranou pot\u00e9, co bylo p\u0159epraveno a nalo\u017eeno na plavidlo objednan\u00e9 kupuj\u00edc\u00ed stranou v ur\u010den\u00e9m z\u00e1livu nebo p\u0159\u00edstavn\u00edm termin\u00e1lu a ve stanoven\u00e9m term\u00ednu a \u010dase;<\/li><li><strong>M\u00edsto p\u0159evodu rizik<\/strong>: Podle pravidla FOB v podepsan\u00e9 mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed kupn\u00ed smlouv\u011b p\u0159ech\u00e1z\u00ed riziko spojen\u00e9 se zbo\u017e\u00edm z prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed strany na kupuj\u00edc\u00ed stranu v okam\u017eiku nalo\u017een\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed na palubu plavidla;<\/li><li><strong>Zp\u016fsoby dopravy<\/strong>: FOB se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 pouze pro n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed dopravu na mo\u0159i a vnitrozemsk\u00fdch vodn\u00edch cest\u00e1ch (lod\u011b pro p\u0159epravu v\u0161eobecn\u00e9ho n\u00e1kladu, v\u00edce\u00fa\u010delov\u00e1 plavidla, lod\u011b pro p\u0159epravu sypk\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f atd.).<\/li><li><strong>Celn\u00ed odbaven\u00ed<\/strong>: Stejn\u00e9 jako u pravidla FAS - Prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed strana je odpov\u011bdn\u00e1 za proveden\u00ed v\u00fdvozn\u00edho celn\u00edho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Za dovozn\u00ed celn\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a p\u0159evodn\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed odpov\u00edd\u00e1 kupuj\u00edc\u00ed strana;<\/li><li><strong>Poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed dopravy<\/strong>: V\u0161echna pravidla ve skupin\u011b F-pravidel neukl\u00e1daj\u00ed kupuj\u00edc\u00edmu a prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edmu povinnost pojistit zbo\u017e\u00ed proti riziku po\u0161kozen\u00ed a ztr\u00e1ty b\u011bhem jeho dod\u00e1n\u00ed a p\u0159epravy.<\/li><\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Osv\u011bd\u010den\u00e9 postupy pro FOB (Free on Board)<\/h4>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>N\u00e1kup podle pravidla FOB je nejvhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, pokud se jedn\u00e1 o such\u00fd nebo sypk\u00fd n\u00e1klad, jako je obil\u00ed, d\u0159evo, ocel, svitky, trubky, t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 vybaven\u00ed nebo obecn\u00fd n\u00e1klad zabalen\u00fd v bedn\u00e1ch, pytl\u00edch, bal\u00edc\u00edch, sudech atd.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Stejn\u011b jako u pravidla FAS jsou kontejnery nakl\u00e1d\u00e1ny na kontejnerov\u00e1 plavidla dopravci nebo p\u0159\u00edstavn\u00edmi za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edmi, tak\u017ee tento typ n\u00e1kladu nen\u00ed vhodn\u00fd pro pravidlo FOB. Z pravidel F je pravidlo FCA nejvhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pro regulaci p\u0159epravy kontejnerov\u00e9ho n\u00e1kladu.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"CFR\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_CFR_Cost_and_Freight\"><\/span>5. CFR (n\u00e1klady a p\u0159epravn\u00e9)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Skupina C pravidel Incoterms\u00ae dodr\u017euje stejnou praxi jako pravidla E a F, pokud jde o p\u0159echod rizik a dod\u00e1n\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed. V\u0161echny se odehr\u00e1vaj\u00ed v zemi p\u016fvodu.&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Rozd\u00edln\u00e9 jsou povinnosti prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed strany, pokud jde o hlavn\u00ed p\u0159epravu - podle pravidel C nese n\u00e1klady na hlavn\u00ed p\u0159epravu zbo\u017e\u00ed prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed strana.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Prvn\u00ed z t\u011bchto pravidel - pravidlo CFR (Cost and Freight) - stanov\u00ed pokyny v r\u00e1mci mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed kupn\u00ed smlouvy, pokud je hlavn\u00ed p\u0159eprava zbo\u017e\u00ed prov\u00e1d\u011bna n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed cestou.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Povinnosti prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edho zahrnuj\u00ed balen\u00ed a ozna\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed, nakl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed pro vnitrozemskou p\u0159epravu a jeho vykl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed na n\u00e1kladn\u00ed plavidlo, kter\u00e9 si tato strana p\u0159edem objednala.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Povinnosti kupuj\u00edc\u00ed strany se obnov\u00ed, jakmile zbo\u017e\u00ed doraz\u00ed do jimi ur\u010den\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstavu. Mus\u00ed tedy vylo\u017eit zbo\u017e\u00ed z plavidla, zaplatit nezbytn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstavn\u00ed poplatky, odbavit je na dovozn\u00edm celn\u00edm \u00fa\u0159ad\u011b, p\u0159epravit zbo\u017e\u00ed a vylo\u017eit je v m\u00edst\u011b ur\u010den\u00ed.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Je tak\u00e9 mo\u017en\u00e9, aby prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed strana souhlasila s \u00fahradou vykl\u00e1dky zbo\u017e\u00ed v p\u0159\u00edstavu ur\u010den\u00ed. To mus\u00ed b\u00fdt v\u00fdslovn\u011b vyj\u00e1d\u0159eno v kupn\u00ed smlouv\u011b s roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00edm CFR \"LANDED\".<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><strong>Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 vlastnosti CFR<\/strong>:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>M\u00edsto dod\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong>: P\u0159esto\u017ee n\u00e1klady na hlavn\u00ed p\u0159epravu a\u017e do p\u0159\u00edstavu ur\u010den\u00ed v zemi ur\u010den\u00ed nese prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed strana, m\u00edstem dod\u00e1n\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed se rozum\u00ed m\u00edsto, kde je zbo\u017e\u00ed nalo\u017eeno na lo\u010f v zemi p\u016fvodu;<\/li><li><strong>M\u00edsto p\u0159evodu rizik<\/strong>: Stejn\u00e9 jako m\u00edsto dod\u00e1n\u00ed - jakmile je zbo\u017e\u00ed nalo\u017eeno na p\u0159epravn\u00ed lo\u010f, pova\u017euj\u00ed se souvisej\u00edc\u00ed rizika za p\u0159eveden\u00e1;<\/li><li><strong>Zp\u016fsoby dopravy<\/strong>: Pravidlo o n\u00e1kladech a p\u0159epravn\u00e9m se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 pouze pro p\u0159epravu zbo\u017e\u00ed n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed dopravou (lod\u011b pro p\u0159epravu v\u0161eobecn\u00e9ho n\u00e1kladu, v\u00edce\u00fa\u010delov\u00e1 plavidla, ropn\u00e9 tankery, lod\u011b typu roll-on\/roll-off (p\u0159eprava vozidel)), <a href=\"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/cs\/top-10-largest-container-ships-in-2022\/\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"84\" title=\"10 nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch kontejnerov\u00fdch lod\u00ed v roce 2026\">kontejnerov\u00e9 lod\u011b<\/a>, lod\u011b pro p\u0159epravu voln\u011b lo\u017een\u00e9ho zbo\u017e\u00ed atd.);<\/li><li><strong>Celn\u00ed odbaven\u00ed<\/strong>: Podle pravidla CFR nese prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed strana povinnost postarat se o v\u00fdvozn\u00ed celn\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Za dovozn\u00ed celn\u00ed odbaven\u00ed a transferov\u00e9 odbaven\u00ed odpov\u00edd\u00e1 kupuj\u00edc\u00ed strana;<\/li><li><strong>Poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed dopravy<\/strong>: Podle pravidla CFR nese zna\u010dnou \u010d\u00e1st rizik kupuj\u00edc\u00ed strana, tak\u017ee je na n\u00ed, aby se rozhodla, zda chce svou n\u00e1kladovou jednotku pojistit proti ztr\u00e1t\u011b nebo po\u0161kozen\u00ed b\u011bhem p\u0159epravy. Stejn\u011b jako u v\u0161ech p\u0159edchoz\u00edch pravidel ani pravidlo CFR nezavazuje prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed ani kupuj\u00edc\u00ed stranu k uzav\u0159en\u00ed poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159epravy.<\/li><\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Osv\u011bd\u010den\u00e9 postupy pro CFR (n\u00e1klady a p\u0159eprava)<\/h4>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed strana, kter\u00e1 souhlas\u00ed s t\u00edm, \u017ee ponese n\u00e1klady na hlavn\u00ed p\u0159epravu podle pravidla CFR, mus\u00ed rozum\u011bt pojm\u016fm \"doba voln\u00e9 nakl\u00e1dky\/vykl\u00e1dky\" a \"prostoje\".<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Doba voln\u00e9ho nakl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed\/vykl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed je doba, kterou plavidlo ponech\u00e1v\u00e1 pro nakl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed nebo vykl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed voln\u011b lo\u017een\u00e9ho nebo kusov\u00e9ho n\u00e1kladu na plavidlo nebo z plavidla. Pokud je tento \u010dasov\u00fd r\u00e1mec poru\u0161en, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt nutn\u00e9 zaplatit poplatek zvan\u00fd demurrage stran\u011b spravuj\u00edc\u00ed termin\u00e1l, kter\u00fd je pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n, nebo p\u0159epravci plavidla.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Na druhou stranu by kupuj\u00edc\u00ed strana m\u011bla vz\u00edt na v\u011bdom\u00ed, \u017ee pokud mus\u00ed b\u00fdt n\u00e1klad za zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edch okolnost\u00ed (nap\u0159. kv\u016fli \u0161patn\u00fdm pov\u011btrnostn\u00edm podm\u00ednk\u00e1m) p\u0159elo\u017een na jin\u00e9 plavidlo, n\u00e1klady na dal\u0161\u00ed p\u0159epravu nese ona.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>A kone\u010dn\u011b, zat\u00edmco kontejnerov\u00fd n\u00e1klad lze koupit pomoc\u00ed pravidla Cost and Freight, vhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed mo\u017enost\u00ed je pou\u017e\u00edt pravidlo CPT (Carriage Paid to).<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"CIF\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"6_CIF_Cost_Insurance_and_Freight\"><\/span>6. CIF (Cost, Insurance, and Freight - n\u00e1klady, poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed a p\u0159eprava)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Pravidlo CIF Incoterms\u00ae (Cost, Insurance, and Freight), kter\u00e9 ukl\u00e1d\u00e1 prakticky stejn\u00e9 povinnosti jako pravidlo CFR, m\u00e1 pro prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed stranu je\u0161t\u011b jeden po\u017eadavek. Jedn\u00e1 se tak o prvn\u00ed pravidlo na tomto seznamu, kter\u00e9 vy\u017eaduje, aby prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed strana z\u00edskala poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed pro p\u0159epravu zbo\u017e\u00ed b\u011bhem hlavn\u00ed f\u00e1ze logistick\u00e9ho \u0159et\u011bzce.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Stejn\u011b jako pravidlo CFR je toto pravidlo vhodn\u00e9 pouze pro n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed p\u0159epravu zbo\u017e\u00ed (n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed a vnitrozemsk\u00e9 vodn\u00ed cesty). Stejn\u00e9 jsou i dal\u0161\u00ed podm\u00ednky - pravidlo CIF zavazuje prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed stranu, aby se postarala o n\u00e1klady na dopravu za kupuj\u00edc\u00ed stranu a zajistila p\u0159epravu zbo\u017e\u00ed do kone\u010dn\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstavu ur\u010den\u00ed.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Tam m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt zbo\u017e\u00ed vylo\u017eeno z lodi, pokud se na tom ob\u011b strany dohodnou ve sv\u00e9 mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed kupn\u00ed smlouv\u011b, a to roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00edm pravidla CIF o v\u00fdraz \"VYLO\u017dENO\".<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>P\u0159i tomto typu regulace mus\u00ed prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed d\u00e1t kupuj\u00edc\u00edmu snadno k dispozici konosament, proto\u017ee tento dokument je pro n\u011bj nezbytn\u00fd p\u0159i p\u0159evzet\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed v p\u0159\u00edstavu ur\u010den\u00ed.&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Konosament by m\u011bl b\u00fdt tak\u00e9 obchodovateln\u00fd, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee mus\u00ed kupuj\u00edc\u00edmu umo\u017enit prodej zbo\u017e\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159edt\u00edm, ne\u017e doraz\u00ed do c\u00edlov\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstavu (je\u0161t\u011b b\u011bhem p\u0159epravy).<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><strong>Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 vlastnosti CIF<\/strong>:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>M\u00edsto dod\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong>: Stejn\u011b jako u pravidla CFR se p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1, \u017ee zbo\u017e\u00ed je dod\u00e1no, jakmile je nalo\u017eeno na lo\u010f v zemi p\u016fvodu, i kdy\u017e ve\u0161ker\u00e9 n\u00e1klady na hlavn\u00ed p\u0159epravu a pojistn\u00e9 nese prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed strana;<\/li><li><strong>M\u00edsto p\u0159evodu rizik<\/strong>: Rizika p\u0159ech\u00e1z\u00ed tak\u00e9 v okam\u017eiku, kdy se p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1, \u017ee zbo\u017e\u00ed bude dod\u00e1no (nalo\u017eeno na p\u0159epravn\u00ed lo\u010f);<\/li><li><strong>Zp\u016fsoby dopravy<\/strong>: Pravidlo o n\u00e1kladech, poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed a p\u0159epravn\u00e9m se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 pouze pro p\u0159epravu zbo\u017e\u00ed n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed dopravou (lod\u011b pro p\u0159epravu v\u0161eobecn\u00e9ho n\u00e1kladu, v\u00edce\u00fa\u010delov\u00e1 plavidla, ropn\u00e9 tankery, lod\u011b typu roll-on\/roll-off (p\u0159eprava vozidel), kontejnerov\u00e9 lod\u011b, lod\u011b pro p\u0159epravu sypk\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f atd.);<\/li><li><strong>Celn\u00ed odbaven\u00ed<\/strong>: Podle pravidla CIF nese prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed strana povinnost postarat se o v\u00fdvozn\u00ed celn\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Za dovozn\u00ed celn\u00ed a p\u0159evodn\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed odpov\u00edd\u00e1 kupuj\u00edc\u00ed strana;<\/li><li><strong>Poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed dopravy<\/strong>: Na rozd\u00edl od v\u0161ech p\u0159edchoz\u00edch pravidel vy\u017eaduje pravidlo CIF, aby se prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed strana rozhodla pro pln\u00e9 pojistn\u00e9 za pojistnou smlouvu, kter\u00e1 pojist\u00ed n\u00e1klad b\u011bhem p\u0159epravy. Tato pojistka mus\u00ed zajistit, \u017ee v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b ztr\u00e1ty nebo po\u0161kozen\u00ed bude kupuj\u00edc\u00ed stran\u011b vyplaceno alespo\u0148 110% z pln\u00e9 ceny n\u00e1kladu. T\u011bch 10% nav\u00edc je tam s p\u0159edpokladem, \u017ee to je minim\u00e1ln\u00ed zisk, kter\u00fd by kupuj\u00edc\u00ed z poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9ho n\u00e1kladu z\u00edskal.<\/li><\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Osv\u011bd\u010den\u00e9 postupy pro CIF (n\u00e1klady, poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed a p\u0159eprava)<\/h4>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"563\" src=\"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Incoterms-2.jpg\" alt=\"Incoterms\" class=\"wp-image-3775\" srcset=\"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Incoterms-2.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/moverdb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Incoterms-2-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/moverdb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Incoterms-2-600x338.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Pojistn\u00e9 placen\u00e9 prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed stranou za p\u0159epravu zbo\u017e\u00ed je obvykle z\u00e1kladn\u00ed mo\u017enost\u00ed, kterou poji\u0161\u0165ovny nab\u00edzej\u00ed, a \u010dasto to nemus\u00ed sta\u010dit. Proto se kupuj\u00edc\u00ed stran\u011b doporu\u010duje projednat roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed pojistn\u00e9 smlouvy o dal\u0161\u00ed kryt\u00ed. N\u00e1klady na n\u011bj nav\u00edc by tedy m\u011bl kupuj\u00edc\u00ed kompenzovat.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Stejn\u011b jako v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pravidla CFR lze podle pravidla CIF p\u0159epravovat v\u0161echny druhy n\u00e1kladu. Proto\u017ee se v\u0161ak p\u0159eprava zbo\u017e\u00ed prov\u00e1d\u00ed pouze prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edch nebo vnitrozemsk\u00fdch plavidel, nedoporu\u010duje se p\u0159i pou\u017eit\u00ed tohoto pravidla pou\u017e\u00edvat kontejnerov\u00fd n\u00e1klad. Pravidlo CPT je v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b lep\u0161\u00ed volbou, proto\u017ee poskytuje v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed volnost, pokud jde o zp\u016fsoby p\u0159epravy.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"CPT\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"7_CPT_Carriage_Paid_to\"><\/span>7. CPT (Carriage Paid to)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Podle pravidla CPT (Carriage Paid to) se prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed i kupuj\u00edc\u00ed strana mohou dohodnout, \u017ee m\u00edstem ur\u010den\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt jak\u00e9koli m\u00edsto na trase z provozovny prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edho do provozovny kupuj\u00edc\u00edho.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Stejn\u011b jako u pravidel CIF a CFR je podle pravidla CPT za celou p\u0159epravu a\u017e do m\u00edsta ur\u010den\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed ur\u010den\u00e9ho kupuj\u00edc\u00ed stranou odpov\u011bdn\u00e1 prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed strana, kter\u00e1 nese ve\u0161ker\u00e9 n\u00e1klady spojen\u00e9 s touto f\u00e1z\u00ed. Podobn\u011b se stejn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem postupuje i ve f\u00e1zi p\u0159evodu rizik.&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Na rozd\u00edl od pravidel CIF a CFR, kter\u00e1 upravuj\u00ed pouze n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed dopravu, lze v\u0161ak p\u0159i pron\u00e1jmu p\u0159epravy podle pravidla CPT pou\u017e\u00edt v\u0161echny druhy dopravy (\u017eelezni\u010dn\u00ed, silni\u010dn\u00ed, leteckou a n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed). Na rozd\u00edl od p\u0159edchoz\u00edch pravidel C rovn\u011b\u017e pravidlo CPT umo\u017e\u0148uje prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed stran\u011b dodat zbo\u017e\u00ed p\u0159epravci tam, kde si p\u0159eje (n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstav, \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00ed termin\u00e1l, leteck\u00fd n\u00e1kladn\u00ed termin\u00e1l nebo silni\u010dn\u00ed doprava ve vlastn\u00edch prostor\u00e1ch).<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed strana, kter\u00e1 je odpov\u011bdn\u00e1 za hlavn\u00ed p\u0159epravu, je povinna poskytnout kupuj\u00edc\u00ed stran\u011b konosament, pokud je pou\u017eita n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed doprava, nebo n\u00e1kladn\u00ed list, pokud jsou najaty jin\u00e9 druhy dopravy.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><strong>Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 atributy CPT<\/strong>:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>M\u00edsto dod\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong>: Podle pravidla CPT se m\u00e1 za to, \u017ee zbo\u017e\u00ed je dod\u00e1no, jakmile je prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed strana vyd\u00e1 p\u0159epravn\u00ed spole\u010dnosti, kterou si objednala a zaplatila;<\/li><li><strong>M\u00edsto p\u0159evodu rizik<\/strong>: Rizika jsou rovn\u011b\u017e p\u0159evedena v okam\u017eiku, kdy je zbo\u017e\u00ed p\u0159evzato k dod\u00e1n\u00ed (p\u0159ech\u00e1z\u00ed z prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed strany na najat\u00e9ho dopravce);<\/li><li><strong>Zp\u016fsoby dopravy<\/strong>: Pravidlo CPT umo\u017e\u0148uje multimod\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159epravu pro ob\u011b strany (n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed, \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00ed, silni\u010dn\u00ed nebo leteckou) - a\u0165 u\u017e se jedn\u00e1 o dopravce najat\u00e9ho prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed stranou, kter\u00fd p\u0159epravuje zbo\u017e\u00ed do ur\u010den\u00e9ho m\u00edsta ur\u010den\u00ed, nebo o dopravu najatou kupuj\u00edc\u00ed stranou, pokud zbo\u017e\u00ed pot\u0159ebuje cestovat d\u00e1le do prostor kupuj\u00edc\u00edho;<\/li><li><strong>Celn\u00ed odbaven\u00ed<\/strong>: Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee k p\u0159evodu rizik doch\u00e1z\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b v zemi p\u016fvodu, je prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed strana odpov\u011bdn\u00e1 za zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed celn\u00edho odbaven\u00ed p\u0159i v\u00fdvozu. Zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed odpov\u011bdnost za tranzitn\u00ed postupy a dovozn\u00ed celn\u00ed odbaven\u00ed st\u00e1le nese kupuj\u00edc\u00ed strana;<\/li><li><strong>Poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed dopravy<\/strong>: Pravidlo CPT nen\u00ed z\u00e1vazn\u00e9, pokud jde o volbu poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159epravy zbo\u017e\u00ed, a\u0165 u\u017e je to v z\u00e1jmu prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edho nebo kupuj\u00edc\u00edho. Kupuj\u00edc\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee zv\u00e1\u017eit volbu poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, proto\u017ee k p\u0159enosu rizik u tohoto pravidla obvykle doch\u00e1z\u00ed v po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edch f\u00e1z\u00edch logistick\u00e9ho \u0159et\u011bzce.<\/li><\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Osv\u011bd\u010den\u00e9 postupy pro CPT (Carriage Paid to)<\/h4>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Pravidlo CPT je vhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pro nakl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed s kontejnerov\u00fdm n\u00e1kladem ne\u017e pravidla CFR nebo CIF, proto\u017ee ta jsou vhodn\u00e1 pouze pro n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed p\u0159epravu zbo\u017e\u00ed. Pokud je t\u0159eba n\u00e1klad p\u0159epravovat po sou\u0161i, pravidlo CPT umo\u017en\u00ed pozemn\u00ed p\u0159epravu, nap\u0159\u00edklad \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00edmi nebo silni\u010dn\u00edmi vozidly a leteck\u00fdmi vozy.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Toto pravidlo nav\u00edc dob\u0159e funguje u v\u0161ech druh\u016f kontejnerov\u00e9ho n\u00e1kladu, a\u0165 u\u017e se jedn\u00e1 o n\u00e1klad LCL (break-bulk) nebo FCL (full load).<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"CIP\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"8_CIP_Carriage_and_Insurance_Paid_to\"><\/span>8. CIP (Carriage and Insurance Paid to)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Pravidlo CIP (Carriage and Insurance Paid to) je v podstat\u011b pojistn\u00fdm roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00edm pravidla CPT Incoterms\u00ae. V\u0161echny povinnosti a odpov\u011bdnosti kupuj\u00edc\u00ed a prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed strany z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed stejn\u00e9 jako v pravidle CPT s t\u00edm rozd\u00edlem, \u017ee pravidlo CIP ukl\u00e1d\u00e1 prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed stran\u011b povinnost uzav\u0159\u00edt poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159epravy.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Krom\u011b p\u0159epravy zbo\u017e\u00ed z vlastn\u00edch prostor do m\u00edsta ur\u010den\u00ed ur\u010den\u00e9ho kupuj\u00edc\u00ed stranou je prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed strana podle pravidla CIP povinna sjednat poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159epravy pro celou cestu, kterou jej\u00ed p\u0159epravn\u00ed smlouva zahrnuje.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Toto posledn\u00ed pravidlo C Incoterms\u00ae se vztahuje na v\u0161echny druhy dopravy a je pro kupuj\u00edc\u00edho velmi v\u00fdhodn\u00e9, proto\u017ee m\u00e1 men\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1klady na p\u0159epravu zbo\u017e\u00ed do po\u017eadovan\u00e9ho m\u00edsta ur\u010den\u00ed a m\u016f\u017ee vyu\u017e\u00edvat ochrany, kterou mu umo\u017e\u0148uje pojistn\u00e1 smlouva hrazen\u00e1 prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edm.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Ostatn\u00ed povinnosti spojen\u00e9 s pou\u017eit\u00edm pravidla CIP t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se p\u0159evodu rizik, m\u00edsta dod\u00e1n\u00ed a celn\u00edho odbaven\u00ed jsou stejn\u00e9 jako u v\u0161ech ostatn\u00edch pravidel C v t\u00e9to skupin\u011b.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><strong>Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 atributy CIP<\/strong>:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>M\u00edsto dod\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong>: Stejn\u00e9 jako pravidlo CPT - zbo\u017e\u00ed se pova\u017euje za dodan\u00e9, jakmile je prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed strana d\u00e1 k dispozici p\u0159epravn\u00ed spole\u010dnosti, kterou si najala;<\/li><li><strong>M\u00edsto p\u0159evodu rizik<\/strong>: K p\u0159echodu rizik spojen\u00fdch se zbo\u017e\u00edm doch\u00e1z\u00ed sou\u010dasn\u011b s okam\u017eikem, kdy se jeho dod\u00e1n\u00ed pova\u017euje za dokon\u010den\u00e9 (jakmile prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed strana p\u0159ed\u00e1 zbo\u017e\u00ed najat\u00e9mu dopravci);<\/li><li><strong>Zp\u016fsoby dopravy<\/strong>: V\u0161echny mo\u017enosti, kter\u00e9 tvo\u0159\u00ed multimod\u00e1ln\u00ed dopravu, jsou dostupn\u00e9 prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm pravidla CIP (\u017eelezni\u010dn\u00ed, silni\u010dn\u00ed, n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed a leteck\u00e1 doprava). Prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed strana si nap\u0159\u00edklad m\u016f\u017ee najmout dopravce, kter\u00fd pou\u017eije n\u00e1kladn\u00ed automobil a lo\u010f k p\u0159eprav\u011b zbo\u017e\u00ed do zem\u011b ur\u010den\u00ed, kde kupuj\u00edc\u00ed strana pou\u017eije \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00ed vozy a dod\u00e1vky k dod\u00e1n\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed do sv\u00e9ho skladu;<\/li><li><strong>Celn\u00ed odbaven\u00ed<\/strong>: Stejn\u011b jako u v\u0161ech pravidel E, F a C, i pravidla CIP vy\u017eaduj\u00ed, aby prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed strana pro\u0161la v\u0161emi celn\u00edmi \u0159\u00edzen\u00edmi p\u0159i v\u00fdvozu zbo\u017e\u00ed a poskytla dokumentaci kupuj\u00edc\u00ed stran\u011b, aby mohla uhradit n\u00e1klady na tranzitn\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed (pokud se zbo\u017e\u00ed pohybuje p\u0159es jin\u00e9 zem\u011b nebo ekonomick\u00e9 z\u00f3ny) a dovozn\u00ed clo, kdy\u017e zbo\u017e\u00ed doraz\u00ed do zem\u011b ur\u010den\u00ed;<\/li><li><strong>Poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed dopravy<\/strong>: Lond\u00fdnsk\u00fd poji\u0161\u0165ovac\u00ed institut ve sv\u00e9m Institutu n\u00e1kladn\u00edch dolo\u017eek (ICC) uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00e9 pravidlo Incoterms\u00ae, kter\u00e9 posiluje po\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed p\u0159epravn\u00edho poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed pro prodej zbo\u017e\u00ed, mus\u00ed od prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed strany vy\u017eadovat, aby se rozhodla pro p\u0159epravn\u00ed poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 kryje minim\u00e1ln\u011b 110% ceny zaplacen\u00e9 kupuj\u00edc\u00ed stranou za prodej zbo\u017e\u00ed. Pravidlo CIP je vedle pravidla CIF druh\u00fdm a posledn\u00edm pravidlem Incoterms\u00ae, kter\u00e9 tuto v\u00fdhodu nab\u00edz\u00ed.<\/li><\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Osv\u011bd\u010den\u00e9 postupy pro CIP (Carriage and Insurance Paid to)<\/h4>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Pravidlo CIP se \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 kv\u016fli flexibilit\u011b a v\u00fdhod\u00e1m, kter\u00e9 p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed kupuj\u00edc\u00ed stran\u011b. Vy\u017eaduje, aby prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed strana pojistila p\u0159epravu zbo\u017e\u00ed a\u017e do m\u00edsta ur\u010den\u00ed, kter\u00e9 ur\u010d\u00ed kupuj\u00edc\u00ed.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Podle pravidla CIP jsou ob\u011bma stran\u00e1m k dispozici v\u0161echny druhy dopravy, a proto je p\u0159eprava zbo\u017e\u00ed v kontejnerech podporov\u00e1na v\u00edce ne\u017e ostatn\u00ed pravidla C. N\u00e1klady na p\u0159epravu rovn\u011b\u017e hrad\u00ed prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"DAP\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"9_DAP_Delivered_at_Place\"><\/span>9. DAP (dod\u00e1no na m\u00edsto)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>V\u0161echna pravidla uveden\u00e1 v Incoterms\u00ae D jsou vhodn\u00e1 pro pou\u017eit\u00ed jak\u00e9hokoli druhu dopravy nebo kombinace r\u016fzn\u00fdch druh\u016f dopravy (multimod\u00e1ln\u00ed doprava) zbo\u017e\u00ed, kter\u00e9 je p\u0159edm\u011btem prodeje. Rovn\u011b\u017e prosazuj\u00ed nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed odpov\u011bdnost prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed strany, pokud jde o rizika a n\u00e1klady na dod\u00e1n\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Pravidlo DAP (Delivered at Place) je prvn\u00edm pravidlem v t\u00e9to skupin\u011b, kter\u00e9 se zam\u011b\u0159uje na regulaci dod\u00e1n\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed do m\u00edsta ur\u010den\u00ed zvolen\u00e9ho kupuj\u00edc\u00ed spole\u010dnost\u00ed. Je to tak\u00e9 prvn\u00ed pravidlo, kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uje, aby se dod\u00e1n\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed uskute\u010dnilo mimo zemi p\u016fvodu.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Podle pravidla DAP nese prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed strana rovn\u011b\u017e rizika a n\u00e1klady na p\u0159epravu zbo\u017e\u00ed v ka\u017ed\u00e9 f\u00e1zi hlavn\u00ed p\u0159epravy. Pro srovn\u00e1n\u00ed, pravidla ve skupin\u00e1ch E, F a C Incoterms\u00ae umo\u017e\u0148ovala prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed spole\u010dnosti dodat zbo\u017e\u00ed a p\u0159ev\u00e9st jeho rizika v zemi p\u016fvodu.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Jedinou f\u00e1z\u00ed p\u0159epravy, kterou prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed strana nemus\u00ed podle pravidla DAP prov\u00e9st, je kone\u010dn\u00e1 vykl\u00e1dka. Toto pravidlo umo\u017e\u0148uje prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edmu dodat zbo\u017e\u00ed do m\u00edsta ur\u010den\u00ed v bezvadn\u00e9m stavu a d\u00e1t je k dispozici kupuj\u00edc\u00edmu. Ten m\u016f\u017ee smluvn\u011b zajistit vykl\u00e1dku zbo\u017e\u00ed v p\u0159\u00edstavu ur\u010den\u00ed\/\u017eelezni\u010dn\u00edm depu\/leteck\u00e9m termin\u00e1lu nebo ji prov\u00e9st s\u00e1m ve vlastn\u00edch prostor\u00e1ch.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><strong>Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 vlastnosti DAP<\/strong>:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>M\u00edsto dod\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong>: Obvykle v zemi ur\u010den\u00ed, na ur\u010den\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b dod\u00e1n\u00ed ur\u010den\u00e9m kupuj\u00edc\u00ed stranou. S ohledem na druhy dopravy to m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt hlavn\u00ed vstupn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstav nebo termin\u00e1l nebo prostory kupuj\u00edc\u00ed strany;<\/li><li><strong>M\u00edsto p\u0159evodu rizik<\/strong>: Stejn\u00e9 jako m\u00edsto dod\u00e1n\u00ed - rizika nese prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed strana po celou dobu trv\u00e1n\u00ed hlavn\u00ed p\u0159epravy a na kupuj\u00edc\u00ed stranu p\u0159ech\u00e1zej\u00ed v ur\u010den\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b ur\u010den\u00ed p\u0159ed vylo\u017een\u00edm zbo\u017e\u00ed z pronajat\u00e9ho dopravn\u00edho prost\u0159edku;<\/li><li><strong>Zp\u016fsoby dopravy<\/strong>: Pravidlo DAP umo\u017e\u0148uje multimod\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159epravu (silni\u010dn\u00ed, \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00ed, n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed nebo leteckou) ob\u011bma stran\u00e1m - dopravce najat\u00fd k proveden\u00ed hlavn\u00ed p\u0159epravy ze zem\u011b p\u016fvodu do zem\u011b ur\u010den\u00ed je v\u0161ak povinnost\u00ed prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed strany a ta hrad\u00ed n\u00e1klady na tento \u00fasek;<\/li><li><strong>Celn\u00ed odbaven\u00ed<\/strong>: Podle tohoto pravidla je obvykl\u00e1 praxe, kdy prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed strana odpov\u00edd\u00e1 za v\u00fdvozn\u00ed celn\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a kupuj\u00edc\u00ed strana hrad\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 n\u00e1klady na dovozn\u00ed celn\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed;<\/li><li><strong>Poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed dopravy<\/strong>: Podle pravidla DAP nese zna\u010dnou \u010d\u00e1st rizik prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed strana, tak\u017ee je na n\u00ed, aby se rozhodla, zda chce zbo\u017e\u00ed pojistit proti po\u0161kozen\u00ed nebo ztr\u00e1t\u011b b\u011bhem p\u0159epravy. Stejn\u011b jako u v\u011bt\u0161iny pravidel Incoterms\u00ae pravidlo DAP nevynucuje, aby si prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed ani kupuj\u00edc\u00ed strana sjednaly poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159epravy.<\/li><\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Osv\u011bd\u010den\u00e9 postupy pro DAP (poskytovan\u00e9 na m\u00edst\u011b)<\/h4>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Skupina pravidel D je pro kupuj\u00edc\u00ed velmi v\u00fdhodn\u00e1, proto\u017ee tato pravidla poskytuj\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost, kterou pravidla ostatn\u00edch skupin postr\u00e1daj\u00ed. Podle pravidla DAP mus\u00ed prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed strana zajistit, aby zbo\u017e\u00ed bylo dod\u00e1no v bezvadn\u00e9m stavu a\u017e do m\u00edsta ur\u010den\u00ed.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Pravidlo DAP je vhodn\u00e9 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm pro silni\u010dn\u00ed dopravu, kdy je zbo\u017e\u00ed dod\u00e1v\u00e1no formou celovozov\u00e9 nebo kusov\u00e9 p\u0159epravy, kdy nen\u00ed vy\u017eadov\u00e1no dovozn\u00ed celn\u00ed odbaven\u00ed.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Obchodn\u00edci v ekonomick\u00fdch z\u00f3n\u00e1ch, jako je Evropsk\u00e1 unie nebo Jihoafrick\u00e9 rozvojov\u00e9 spole\u010denstv\u00ed, mohou m\u00edt z tohoto pravidla prosp\u011bch, proto\u017ee dod\u00e1vky zbo\u017e\u00ed mohou b\u00fdt prov\u00e1d\u011bny bez celn\u00edho odbaven\u00ed.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"DPU\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"10_DPU_Delivered_at_Place_Unloaded\"><\/span>10. DPU (dod\u00e1no na m\u00edsto vykl\u00e1dky)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Pravidlo DPU Incoterms\u00ae (Delivered at Place Unloaded), kter\u00e9 zahrnuje dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdhodu pro kupuj\u00edc\u00ed stranu, roz\u0161i\u0159uje povinnosti prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed strany a vy\u017eaduje, aby zbo\u017e\u00ed vylo\u017eila pot\u00e9, co dos\u00e1hne sv\u00e9ho kone\u010dn\u00e9ho m\u00edsta ur\u010den\u00ed.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Dopravce op\u011bt naj\u00edm\u00e1 prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed a nese ve\u0161ker\u00e9 n\u00e1klady a rizika spojen\u00e1 s p\u0159epravou zbo\u017e\u00ed a\u017e do m\u00edsta ur\u010den\u00ed, kter\u00e9 ur\u010d\u00ed kupuj\u00edc\u00ed.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Pravidlo DUP, stejn\u011b jako pravidlo DAP, umo\u017e\u0148uje v\u0161echny druhy dopravy, a proto umo\u017e\u0148uje doru\u010den\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed daleko za p\u0159\u00edstav\/konec ur\u010den\u00ed. Mo\u017enost\u00ed dod\u00e1n\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt bu\u010f n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstav nebo jin\u00fd termin\u00e1l v zemi ur\u010den\u00ed, sklad celn\u00edch slu\u017eeb, sklad nebo skladovac\u00ed st\u0159edisko kupuj\u00edc\u00edho, nebo dod\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmo do domu.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Jakmile prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edm najat\u00fd dopravce vylo\u017e\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed, m\u016f\u017ee kupuj\u00edc\u00ed strana pokra\u010dovat v ostatn\u00edch postupech logistick\u00e9ho \u0159et\u011bzce (dovozn\u00ed odbaven\u00ed, dal\u0161\u00ed p\u0159eprava, skladov\u00e1n\u00ed atd.).<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><strong>Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 atributy DPU<\/strong>:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>M\u00edsto dod\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong>: M\u016f\u017ee to b\u00fdt kdekoli, kde kupuj\u00edc\u00ed strana souhlas\u00ed s dod\u00e1n\u00edm zbo\u017e\u00ed - bu\u010f ve vstupn\u00edm n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edm p\u0159\u00edstavu nebo na \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00edm\/leteck\u00e9m termin\u00e1lu v zemi ur\u010den\u00ed, ve skladu celn\u00edho \u00fa\u0159adu nebo ve vlastn\u00edch prostor\u00e1ch kupuj\u00edc\u00edho. Pot\u00e9, co je zbo\u017e\u00ed vylo\u017eeno z p\u0159epravovan\u00e9ho, o co\u017e se postarala prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed strana, je pova\u017eov\u00e1no za dodan\u00e9;<\/li><li><strong>M\u00edsto p\u0159evodu rizik<\/strong>: Rizika spojen\u00e1 s dod\u00e1n\u00edm zbo\u017e\u00ed nese prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed strana, dokud nen\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed vylo\u017eeno z posledn\u00edho vozu hlavn\u00ed p\u0159epravn\u00ed etapy. K p\u0159echodu rizik doch\u00e1z\u00ed sou\u010dasn\u011b s dod\u00e1n\u00edm zbo\u017e\u00ed;<\/li><li><strong>Zp\u016fsoby dopravy<\/strong>: Pravidlo DPU umo\u017e\u0148uje, aby strany, kter\u00e9 uzav\u00edraj\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed kupn\u00ed smlouvu, vyu\u017e\u00edvaly v\u0161echny druhy silni\u010dn\u00ed, \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00ed, n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed nebo leteck\u00e9 dopravy (multimod\u00e1ln\u00ed doprava);<\/li><li><strong>Celn\u00ed odbaven\u00ed<\/strong>: Podle pravidla DPU se o v\u00fdvozn\u00ed celn\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed star\u00e1 prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed strana a za dovozn\u00ed celn\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed je st\u00e1le odpov\u011bdn\u00e1 kupuj\u00edc\u00ed strana, i kdy\u017e zbo\u017e\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee pokra\u010dovat v pohybu za t\u00edmto bodem na n\u00e1klady prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edho;<\/li><li><strong>Poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed dopravy<\/strong>: Toto pravidlo neukl\u00e1d\u00e1 omezen\u00ed ani v oblasti poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159epravy. Stranou, kter\u00e1 by m\u011bla prosp\u011bch z po\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed p\u0159epravn\u00edho poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed pro dod\u00e1n\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed, by byl prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed, proto\u017ee m\u00e1 povinnost n\u00e9st n\u00e1klady a rizika za celou p\u0159epravu zbo\u017e\u00ed.<\/li><\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Osv\u011bd\u010den\u00e9 postupy pro DPU (dod\u00e1n\u00ed na m\u00edsto vykl\u00e1dky)<\/h4>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed toho, aby bylo zbo\u017e\u00ed dod\u00e1no a vylo\u017eeno v nez\u00e1vadn\u00e9m stavu, je podle pravidla DPU Incoterms\u00ae hlavn\u00ed povinnost\u00ed prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed strany.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>V tomto ohledu, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Nations_Convention_on_Contracts_for_the_International_Sale_of_Goods\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Smlouvy o mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed koupi zbo\u017e\u00ed<\/a> \u00famluva podle z\u00e1kona o prodeji zbo\u017e\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee poskytnout prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed stran\u011b ur\u010ditou \u00falevu v nep\u0159edv\u00eddan\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech, kdy je zbo\u017e\u00ed \u0159\u00e1dn\u011b dod\u00e1no.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"DDP\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"11_DDP_Delivered_Duty_Paid\"><\/span>11. DDP (dodan\u00e9 clo placen\u00e9)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Posledn\u00edm pravidlem Incoterms\u00ae je pravidlo DDP (Delivered Duty Paid) - pro kupuj\u00edc\u00ed stranu pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b nejpohodln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pravidlo.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Toto pravidlo nese v\u0161echny znaky ostatn\u00edch dvou pravidel D - zavazuje prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edho najmout p\u0159epravn\u00ed spole\u010dnost, kter\u00e1 dod\u00e1 zbo\u017e\u00ed do ur\u010den\u00e9ho m\u00edsta ur\u010den\u00ed, uhrad\u00ed n\u00e1klady a rizika po dobu trv\u00e1n\u00ed cesty dod\u00e1n\u00ed a zajist\u00ed, aby bylo zbo\u017e\u00ed \u0159\u00e1dn\u011b dod\u00e1no do m\u00edsta ur\u010den\u00ed.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Krom\u011b toho pravidlo DDP tak\u00e9 vy\u017eaduje, aby prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed strana hradila n\u00e1klady na v\u00fdvozn\u00ed i dovozn\u00ed celn\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pot\u0159eby i na ka\u017ed\u00fd tranzitn\u00ed re\u017eim.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Dal\u0161\u00edm rozd\u00edlem oproti pravidlu DPU je, \u017ee prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed strana nemus\u00ed uzav\u00edrat smlouvu s dopravcem o vykl\u00e1dce zbo\u017e\u00ed v m\u00edst\u011b ur\u010den\u00ed, co\u017e v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pravidla DAP neplatilo.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Zbo\u017e\u00ed prod\u00e1van\u00e9 podle pravidla DPU m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt dod\u00e1no jak\u00fdmkoli druhem dopravy v\u010detn\u011b kontejnerov\u00e9ho n\u00e1kladu, kter\u00fd je p\u0159epravov\u00e1n n\u00e1kladn\u00ed, \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00ed nebo silni\u010dn\u00ed dopravou.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><strong>Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 vlastnosti DDP<\/strong>:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>M\u00edsto dod\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong>: Stejn\u011b jako u v\u0161ech pravidel D (DAP a DPU) je zbo\u017e\u00ed p\u0159epravovan\u00e9 podle pravidla DPU dod\u00e1no na m\u00edsto ur\u010den\u00ed ur\u010den\u00e9 kupuj\u00edc\u00ed stranou v zemi ur\u010den\u00ed (bu\u010f ve vstupn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edstavu nebo termin\u00e1lu, nebo mimo n\u011bj na ur\u010den\u00e9 m\u00edsto, kter\u00fdm m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt sklad kupuj\u00edc\u00edho, tov\u00e1rna, sklad, distribu\u010dn\u00ed platforma atd.);<\/li><li><strong>M\u00edsto p\u0159evodu rizik<\/strong>: K p\u0159echodu rizik podle pravidla DDP doch\u00e1z\u00ed stejn\u011b jako u v\u0161ech ostatn\u00edch Incoterms\u00ae - v m\u00edst\u011b dod\u00e1n\u00ed. Jakmile zbo\u017e\u00ed dos\u00e1hne m\u00edsta ur\u010den\u00ed (a je zp\u0159\u00edstupn\u011bno kupuj\u00edc\u00edmu), kter\u00e9 si kupuj\u00edc\u00ed strana zvolila p\u0159i sepisov\u00e1n\u00ed kupn\u00ed smlouvy, m\u00e1 se za to, \u017ee rizika p\u0159ech\u00e1zej\u00ed z prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edho na kupuj\u00edc\u00edho;<\/li><li><strong>Zp\u016fsoby dopravy<\/strong>: Pravidlo DDP umo\u017e\u0148uje, aby multimod\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159eprava (\u017eelezni\u010dn\u00ed, silni\u010dn\u00ed, n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed nebo leteck\u00e1) byla pro ob\u011b strany kupn\u00ed smlouvy dostupnou mo\u017enost\u00ed. Prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed strana nese ve\u0161ker\u00e9 n\u00e1klady a rizika po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed, hlavn\u00ed a kone\u010dn\u00e9 p\u0159epravy zbo\u017e\u00ed, pokud neexistuje po\u017eadavek kupuj\u00edc\u00ed strany, \u017ee dokon\u010d\u00ed p\u0159epravu zbo\u017e\u00ed po jeho p\u0159\u00edjezdu do p\u0159\u00edstavu nebo termin\u00e1lu ur\u010den\u00ed;<\/li><li><strong>Celn\u00ed odbaven\u00ed<\/strong>: Zde se pravidlo DDP skute\u010dn\u011b projevuje - v\u00fdvozn\u00ed celn\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, dovozn\u00ed celn\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 tranzitn\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed hrad\u00ed prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed strana;<\/li><li><strong>Poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed dopravy<\/strong>: Prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed ani kupuj\u00edc\u00ed nejsou povinni sjednat si poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159epravy. Prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edmu se v\u0161ak d\u016frazn\u011b doporu\u010duje, aby zv\u00e1\u017eil uzav\u0159en\u00ed poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159epravy, nebo\u0165 ve\u0161ker\u00e1 rizika spojen\u00e1 s dod\u00e1n\u00edm zbo\u017e\u00ed spadaj\u00ed v\u00fdhradn\u011b pod jeho dohled.<\/li><\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Osv\u011bd\u010den\u00e9 postupy pro DDP (dodan\u00e9 clo placen\u00e9)<\/h4>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Jestli\u017ee pravidlo EXW (Ex Works) Incoterms\u00ae ukl\u00e1dalo prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed stran\u011b minim\u00e1ln\u00ed povinnosti a zat\u011b\u017eovalo kupuj\u00edc\u00ed stranu v\u011bt\u0161inou rizik a n\u00e1klad\u016f mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho obchodn\u00edho prodeje zbo\u017e\u00ed, pravidlo DPU prosazuje prav\u00fd opak.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed strana nese maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed rozsah povinnost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 sahaj\u00ed od balen\u00ed a ozna\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed, \u00fahrady v\u00fdvozn\u00edho celn\u00edho odbaven\u00ed a p\u0159epravy zbo\u017e\u00ed hlavn\u00edmu dopravci a\u017e po \u00fahradu n\u00e1klad\u016f a rizik hlavn\u00ed p\u0159epravy, dod\u00e1n\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed do m\u00edsta ur\u010den\u00ed a \u00fahradu n\u00e1klad\u016f na dovozn\u00ed celn\u00ed odbaven\u00ed.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion\"><\/span>Z\u00e1v\u011br<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Je \u010das uzav\u0159\u00edt na\u0161eho rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9ho pr\u016fvodce pravidly Incoterms\u00ae 2020 v roce 2022.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Tato p\u0159\u00edru\u010dka vysv\u011btluje, jak d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 jsou tato pravidla pro usnadn\u011bn\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce mezi prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edmi a kupuj\u00edc\u00edmi stranami v odv\u011btv\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho obchodu. Upravuj\u00ed, kdo nese n\u00e1klady a rizika spojen\u00e9 s dod\u00e1n\u00edm zbo\u017e\u00ed, kter\u00e9 je p\u0159edm\u011btem prodeje, v ka\u017ed\u00e9 f\u00e1zi logistick\u00e9ho \u0159et\u011bzce.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Vid\u011bli jsme tak\u00e9, jak je t\u011bchto 11 pravidel rozd\u011bleno hlavn\u011b podle druhu dopravy, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edt, nebo podle m\u00edsta dod\u00e1n\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed. Podle t\u011bchto krit\u00e9ri\u00ed pravidla Incoterms\u00ae umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed bu\u010f multimod\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159epravu (jak\u00fdkoli druh n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed, pozemn\u00ed nebo leteck\u00e9 dopravy), nebo pouze n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed a vnitrozemskou vodn\u00ed dopravu. Tak\u00e9 m\u00edsto dod\u00e1n\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed rozd\u011bluje tato pravidla do \u010dty\u0159p\u00edsmenn\u00fdch skupin - skupin E, F, C a D.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Celkov\u011b vzato, jedna z\u00e1sadn\u00ed v\u011bc t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se pravidel Incoterms\u00ae by m\u011bla b\u00fdt ka\u017ed\u00e9mu, kdo se pohybuje v oblasti mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho obchodu, zcela jasn\u00e1: Pravidla pom\u00e1haj\u00ed upravit povinnosti ka\u017ed\u00e9 strany zapojen\u00e9 do mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed kupn\u00ed smlouvy. Nep\u0159edstavuj\u00ed celou smlouvu a m\u011bly by b\u00fdt vypracov\u00e1ny dal\u0161\u00ed dohody, kter\u00e9 pokryj\u00ed v\u00edce povinnost\u00ed a z\u00e1vazk\u016f.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"FAQ\"><\/span>F.A.Q.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Mus\u00edm pou\u017e\u00edvat nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed verzi Incoterms\u00ae (2020) nam\u00edsto p\u0159edchoz\u00edch verz\u00ed, nap\u0159\u00edklad Incoterms\u00ae 2010?<\/h4>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Ne.M\u016f\u017eete uv\u00e9st, kterou verzi pravidel Incoterms\u00ae chcete pou\u017e\u00edt v mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed kupn\u00ed smlouv\u011b, a to p\u00edsemn\u00fdm souhlasem a uveden\u00edm roku verze, kter\u00e1 bude pou\u017eita.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Jak pravidla Incoterms\u00ae usnad\u0148uj\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed obchod?<\/h4>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>V obrovsk\u00e9m mno\u017estv\u00ed obchodn\u00edch smluv se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed pravidla Incoterms\u00ae, kter\u00e1 jasn\u011b vymezuj\u00ed, kter\u00e1 strana (prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed nebo kupuj\u00edc\u00ed) je odpov\u011bdn\u00e1 za mnoho povinnost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 m\u00e1 po dobu trv\u00e1n\u00ed logistick\u00e9ho procesu. Stoj\u00ed za zm\u00ednku, \u017ee o t\u011bchto pravidlech lze vyjedn\u00e1vat, tak\u017ee strany je mohou p\u0159ed dohodou o jejich pou\u017eit\u00ed prodiskutovat.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Jak\u00e9 jsou v\u00fdhody a nev\u00fdhody pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed pravidel Incoterms\u00ae 2020 v mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm obchod\u011b?<\/h4>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Pravidla Incoterms\u00ae 2020 jsou \u00fa\u017easn\u00fdm p\u0159\u00ednosem pro mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed obchod, proto\u017ee dok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed standardizovat slo\u017eit\u00e9 procesy, kter\u00e9 prob\u00edhaj\u00ed v doprav\u011b a logistice v r\u00e1mci mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch kupn\u00edch smluv. Jsou snadno srozumiteln\u00e1, celosv\u011btov\u011b uzn\u00e1van\u00e1 a \u0159\u00edd\u00ed a aktualizuje je Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed obchodn\u00ed komora (ICC).<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Mezi jejich nev\u00fdhody pat\u0159\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed riziko a n\u00e1klady pro jednu ze z\u00fa\u010dastn\u011bn\u00fdch stran, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k neshod\u00e1m. Dokonce i b\u011bhem procesu v\u00fdb\u011bru se kupuj\u00edc\u00ed a prod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed strana mohou neshodnout na tom, kter\u00e9 pravidlo pou\u017e\u00edt v z\u00e1vislosti na v\u00fdhod\u00e1ch, kter\u00e9 jim p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Jak\u00fd je vzorec pro zaveden\u00ed pravidla Incoterms\u00ae do kupn\u00ed smlouvy a prodejn\u00edch doklad\u016f?<\/h4>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Nejprve je t\u0159eba uv\u00e9st zvolen\u00e9 pravidlo Incoterms\u00ae, d\u00e1le n\u00e1zev m\u00edsta ur\u010den\u00ed, v\u00fdraz \"Incoterms\u00ae\" a rok verze, kter\u00e1 bude pou\u017eita.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Nap\u0159\u00edklad: DAP Port of Rotterdam Incoterms\u00ae 2020.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Exchanging goods, services, and finances is one of the oldest practices of modern civilization. It is also one of the main drivers of its growth, development, and advancement. International trade has shaped the world since ancient times and it\u2019s still responsible for the directions societies take to enhance their position in the global economic market. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":3765,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":{"0":"post-3766","1":"page","2":"type-page","3":"status-publish","4":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"entry"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3766","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3766"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3766\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18594,"href":"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3766\/revisions\/18594"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3765"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/moverdb.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3766"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}